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The document provides an overview of computer hardware, including components like CPUs, RAM, and storage devices (HDDs and SSDs), as well as input and output devices. It also covers software categories, networking concepts, cybersecurity measures, database management, programming fundamentals, and cloud computing services. Emerging technologies like AI, machine learning, and IoT are briefly mentioned as well.

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9 views

ict

The document provides an overview of computer hardware, including components like CPUs, RAM, and storage devices (HDDs and SSDs), as well as input and output devices. It also covers software categories, networking concepts, cybersecurity measures, database management, programming fundamentals, and cloud computing services. Emerging technologies like AI, machine learning, and IoT are briefly mentioned as well.

Uploaded by

gamezteddyplayz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computer Hardware:

Central Processing Unit (CPU): The brain of the computer, responsible for
processing instructions.

Random Access Memory (RAM): Temporary memory used for running programs.

Storage Devices:

HDD (Hard Disk Drive): Magnetic storage, slower but larger capacity.

SSD (Solid State Drive): Faster, more reliable but expensive.

Input Devices: Keyboard, Mouse, Scanner, Microphone.

Output Devices: Monitor, Printer, Speaker.

Software & Operating Systems:

Operating System (OS): Manages hardware and software (Windows, macOS, Linux).

Application Software: Programs used for specific tasks (Word processors, Browsers).

Utility Software: Helps maintain the system (Antivirus, Disk Cleanup).

Open Source vs. Proprietary Software:

Open Source: Free to modify (Linux, LibreOffice).

Proprietary: Requires a license (Microsoft Office, Adobe Photoshop).

Networking & Internet:

LAN (Local Area Network): Connects computers in a small area.

WAN (Wide Area Network): Covers large distances (e.g., the Internet).

IP Address: Unique identifier for devices on a network.

MAC Address: Unique hardware identifier for network devices.

Protocols:

HTTP/HTTPS: Web communication.

FTP: File Transfer Protocol.

TCP/IP: Core networking protocol.

DNS: Converts domain names to IP addresses.

Cybersecurity & Data Protection:

Strong Passwords: Use uppercase, lowercase, numbers, and special characters.

Two-Factor Authentication (2FA): Adds an extra layer of security.

Malware Types:
Virus: Attaches to files and spreads.

Worm: Self-replicating malware.

Trojan: Disguised as legitimate software.

Ransomware: Encrypts data and demands payment.

Encryption: Converts data into unreadable code to protect it.

Firewalls: Block unauthorized access to a network.

Databases:

Database Management System (DBMS): Software for managing databases (MySQL, Oracle,
SQL Server).

SQL (Structured Query Language): Used for querying databases.

CRUD Operations:

Create: INSERT INTO

Read: SELECT

Update: UPDATE

Delete: DELETE

Programming & Development:

High-Level vs. Low-Level Languages:

High-Level: Easier to read/write (Python, Java, C#).

Low-Level: Closer to machine code (Assembly, C).

Basic Programming Concepts:

Variables: Store data values.

Loops: Repeat actions (for, while).

Conditional Statements: if-else, switch-case.

Functions: Reusable blocks of code.

Cloud Computing & Emerging Tech:

Cloud Services:

SaaS (Software as a Service): Google Docs, Dropbox.

PaaS (Platform as a Service): Google App Engine.

IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service): AWS, Microsoft Azure.

AI & Machine Learning: Computers learning patterns from data.


IoT (Internet of Things): Smart devices connected to the internet.

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