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En Cross PBL4 - It NB4 Eee - V2

The document outlines a project-based learning (PBL) exercise focused on sizing the battery of an electric vehicle, emphasizing a review of battery technologies and the impact of energy recovery on vehicle range. Students are required to perform calculations related to battery mass and efficiency for both urban and highway driving scenarios, and to deliver a work report summarizing their findings. The exercise highlights the importance of energy recovery in enhancing vehicle performance and reducing battery requirements.

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Jean-Orveil PAMBOU
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11 views5 pages

En Cross PBL4 - It NB4 Eee - V2

The document outlines a project-based learning (PBL) exercise focused on sizing the battery of an electric vehicle, emphasizing a review of battery technologies and the impact of energy recovery on vehicle range. Students are required to perform calculations related to battery mass and efficiency for both urban and highway driving scenarios, and to deliver a work report summarizing their findings. The exercise highlights the importance of energy recovery in enhancing vehicle performance and reducing battery requirements.

Uploaded by

Jean-Orveil PAMBOU
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 5

Parcours Ouvert

Année o2

Semestre o4

PBL code : CROSS - o2.4 - PBL4 MEC/EEE/EEM

PBL name : Sizing of an electric vehicle

Intermediate time nb4 +


Autonomy time
EEE : battery study (version 2)

Objectives

- perform a quick state of the art review of battery technologies

- sizing the battery of an electric vehicle to meet the desired range on the road, without
energy recovery.

- redesigning taking into account assumptions about energy recovery

- consider urban driving and compare results

Duration : 2 hours in class (with teacher) + 2 following hours (autonomy)

Materials needed : calculator

Expected deliverables (after autonomy time) :

- Work report (free form). To be returned at the beginning of the Return Phase.

- Conclusion with a synthesis proposing your own PBL group’s choices, adapted to the
PBL problem situation

The battery data used in this exercise is based on an older model electric
vehicle. They are presented as an example, to understand the calculation
methodology, but should not be considered as the data to be used to solve
your own problem situation. Following IT nb3, please adapt the exercise to
your own dimensioning.

1/5
Code du PBL : GM_GE _EM-o2.4-PBL

A - PRELIMINARY STUDY : BATTERY TECHNOLOGY


1. Perform a quick state of the art review of battery technologies used in electric
vehicles, presenting the different types of batteries, their advantages and
disadvantages, their cost, their weight in current vehicles, as well as current and
future trends.

You will be particularly interested in the energy densities (also called "specific
energy", in Wh / kg) proposed for the different technologies.

During this phase, we are interested in the dimensioning of the batteries of our vehicle. We
propose the diagram below, concerning city and highway driving of an electric car. The
precise model of the car is not specified, we will consider that it is an average from the
values measured on several vehicles.

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efficacit%C3%A9_%C3%A9nerg%C3%A9tique_des_voitures_%C3%A9lectriques

(some data data has been modified from the original scheme, in order to suit the needs of the activity)

As we did during the intermediate time n°3, we consider a small electric vehicle with the
following characteristics :
- Electric motor useful power : Pu = 17 kW (constant power from 20 to 110 km/h)
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Code du PBL : GM_GE _EM-o2.4-PBL

- maximum speed (from problem situation) : 110 km/h


- road driving mode desired autonomy (from problem situation) : 150 km

B - ROAD DRIVING
2. Based on the assumptions shown on the “conduite sur autoroute” diagram, size the
battery to obtain the desired range on the road (without energy recovery), and
complete the diagram below.

battery electro-mechanical
losses losses

supplie Battery inverter +


d useful
conversio motor energy
energy n conversio
efficiency = ? efficiency
=?
Ws = ? We = ? Wu = ?
(stored (electrical input (mechanical
useful energy)

3. Based on your results and your preliminary study of battery technologies, estimate
the battery mass required for your vehicle.

4. Repeat question 1, this time considering energy recovery during the slowing / braking
phases.

battery electro-mechanical

suppli Battery inverter useful


ed + conversi + motor energ
energ +
y
efficiency = efficiency
Ws’ = ? Ws = ? We = ? Wu = ?
(stored (chemical (electrical (mechanical
useful

battery electro-mechanical

recover Battery generato recover


ed conversi r+ ed
stored braking
efficiency efficiency
Wsr = ? Wer = ? Wur = ?
(chemical (electrical (mechanical
recovered

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Code du PBL : GM_GE _EM-o2.4-PBL

5. Recalculate the required battery mass. Discuss your results by comparing them to the
research in Part A.

C - URBAN DRIVING
From the battery determined in part B, we will try to estimate the range of the vehicle in
urban driving mode. We consider the battery such that Ws = 29 kWh (without recovery) or
Ws' = 29 kWh (with recovery), for driving at average power Pu = 14kW.

Reminder: for driving in the city, we must logically consider two phases of operation.
- at constant torque, from 0 to 20 km/h, a phase during which the useful power varies
between 0 and its maximum value of 17 kW
- at constant power, Pu = 17 kW
For the sake of simplicity, we consider here that city driving is similar to a single phase of
operation at constant average power : Pu = 14 kW.

6. Based on the assumptions shown on the "conduite en ville" diagram, calculate the
vehicle's range in the city without energy recovery..

7. Same question, with energy recovery.

D - LINK WITH PROBLEM SITUATION

8. From this case study, make a battery choice for your problem situation (technology,
stored energy, battery mass, efficiency and losses). Note: this choice can be used in
the following PBL on the problem of battery cooling.

This study shows the essential role of recovering braking energy in an electric
vehicle, especially when driving in the city. According to the diagram provided
for city driving, 60% (40 for 66) of the useful mechanical energy can be
recovered during slowing down / braking, which is considerable. Taking into
account the efficiency of the machine (which then operates as a generator), the
electronic converter (which operates as a rectifier) and the battery (which
operates as a recharger), 68% (27 out of 40) of this braking energy is re-injected
as chemical energy stored in the battery, which :
- either greatly increases the vehicle's range for the same battery
- or reduces the battery mass for the same range.
4/5
Code du PBL : GM_GE _EM-o2.4-PBL

- To do this, it is imperative that the electric motor and the electronic converter be
reversible.

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