lamjfovbkMmklmL

mM

ence its constituents

cannot be separated by simple physical method.

5. (a) In case of B, none of O2 and H2 is a compound since

compound consist of two or more different atoms.

6. (c)

7. (d) Silver is an element, water is a compound and air is a

mixture.

8. (c) Attraction between particles in solid is maximum and

hence their movement is minimum amongst the

phases.

Attraction between particles in gases is minimum and

hence their movements is maximum amongst the three

phases.

Attraction between the particles and their movements

in liquids is intermediate i.e., between solids and gases.

9. (c) A mixture may contain any number of components in

any ratio.

e.g. air is a mixture of various gases.

10. (d) It is a solution and is a mixture of sucrose and water.

11. (b) One fermi is 10–13 cm.

12. (c) Exa = 1018

13. (d) 1 zepto = 10–21

14. (a) Joule is the unit of work and Pascal is unit of pressure.

JPa 1 J Work Nm m

Pa Pressure Nm􀀐
􀀐􀀠􀀠􀀠􀀠

15. (a) 1 m3 of water 106 cm3 of water

􀀿 Mass of 106 cm3 water

= 106 cm3 × 1 g cm3 (􀀧 density of H2O = 1 g cm3)

= 106 g =

10

10

kg = 103 kg = 1000 kg

(b) Weight of normal adult man = 65 kg

􀀿 Weight of 1 m3 of water is highest.

(c) Density of Hg = 13.6 g cm–3

Volume of Hg = 10 L = 10 × 1000 = 104 cm3

􀀿 Weight of Hg = 13.6 × 104 = 136000 g = 136 kg

16. (d) Smallest and largest amount of energy respectively

are eV and L-atm.

1 eV = 1.6 × 10–19 J

1L -atm = 101.325 J

17. (c)

18. (d) Litre (L) is not an SI unit. It is used for measurement of

volume of liquids.

19. (c) yocto = 10–24

20. (c) 􀀋 􀀌 􀀋 􀀌 C 5 F 32 5 41 32

99

􀁱 􀀠 􀁱 􀀐 􀀠 􀀐 = 5°C

It will be cold.

21. (a) Out of two 3.929 g is more accurate and will be reported

as 3.93 after rounding off.

22. (b)

23. (a) 0.00016 can be written as 1.6 × 10–4 in scientic notation.

two values in each of them are not close. With respect

to X & Y, the values of Z are close & agree with the

true value. Hence, both precise & accurate.

25. (c) On calculation we find

(29.2 – 20.2)(1.79 105 )

1.37

= 1.17×106

As the least precise number contains 3 significant

figures therefore, answers should also contains 3

significant figures.

26. (d) We know that all non-zero digits are significant and

the zeros at the beginning of a number are not

significant. Therefore number 161 cm, 0.161 cm and

0.0161cm have 3, 3 and 3 significant figures

respectively.

27. (b) Given P = 0.0030m, Q = 2.40m & R = 3000m. In P(0.0030)

initial zeros after the decimal point are not significant.

Therefore, significant figures in P(0.0030) are 2.

Similarly in Q (2.40) significant figures are 3 as in this

case final zero is significant. In R = (3000) all the zeros

are significant hence, in R significant figures are 4

because they come from a measurement.

28. (a)

29. (c) If zero is used to locate the decimal point it is

considered as a significant figure. In 50.000 all zero are

significant.

30. (a) Sum of the figures 29.4406, 3.2 and 2.25 is 34.8906. The

sum should be reported to the first place of decimal as

3.2 has only one decimal place. After rounding off the
sum is 34.9. Hence number of significant figures is

three.

31. (d) 10.3106 g has 6 significant figures. Since all

non-zero digits are significant and a zero becomes

significant if it appears between two non-zero digits.

32. (b)

43.0 0.0243

0.340 4

􀁵 = 0.7683088

The least precise term has two significant figures

(leaving the exact number). Hence after rounding off

correct answer is 0.77.

12 SOME BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY

33. (a) 2.6 has two significant figures.

0.260 has three significant figures.

0.002600 has four significant figures.

2.6000 has five significant figures.

34. (d)

volume

Energy which can be shown

Pressure

Volume

Energy

Area

Work (energy/di stance)

area

Force 􀀠 􀀠

35. (b) ng mg pg qg

X􀀎 Y 􀁙􀁚􀁚􀁚􀁘􀁚 R􀀎 S
n + m = p + q by law of conservation of mass.

36. (a) CaCO3 􀁯 CaO + CO2 20 g 8.8 g 11.2 g

mass of reactant = mass of products = 20g.

Hence the law of conservation of mass is obeyed.

37. (a) 38. (a)

39. (b) 3 3 2

4.2g 10.0g 12.0g 2.2g

NaHCO 􀀎 CH COOH􀁿􀁿􀁯Residue􀀎 CO 􀁮

Mass of reactants = 4.2 + 10.0 = 14.2 g

Mass of products = 12.0 + 2.2 = 14.2 g

Hence, given reaction illustrate law of conservation

of mass.

40. (c) I experiment : 2

mass of H combined 4 1

mass of O combined 32 8

􀀠􀀠

II experiment : 2

mass of H combined 50 1

mass of O combined 400 8

􀀠􀀠

Hence both law of conservation of mass and constant

composition is obeyed.

41. (c) The H : O ratio in water is fixed, irrespective of its

source. Hence it is law of constant composition.

42. (a) Constant proportions according to which a pure

chemical compound always contains same elements

combined together in the same definite proportion of

weight.

43. (c)
44. (d) SnCl2 SnCl4

119 : 2 × 35.5 119 : 4 × 35.5

Chlorine ratio in both compounds is

= 2 × 35.5 : 4 × 35.5 = 1 : 2

45. (d) In CuO and Cu2O the O : Cu is 1 : 1 and 1 : 2 respectively.

This is law of multiple proportion.

46. (c)

47. (b) Law of multiple proportion. As the ratio of oxygen

which combine with fix weights of 1 g of nitrogen bears

a simple whole number ratio

0.57 : 1 : 12 : 1.7031 : 2 : 3

48. (b)

49. (c) According to Avogadro's law "equal volumes of all

gases contain equal number of molecules under similar

conditions of temperature and pressure". Thus if 1 L

of one gas contains N molecules, 2 L of any other gas

under the same conditions of temperature and pressure

will contain 2N molecules.

50. (b) The number of molecules of N2 and X are same. Hence

they must have the same molecular weights.

􀀿 X is CO.

51. (c)

52. (c) In law of reciprocal proportions, the two elements

combining with the third element, must combine with

each other in the same ratio or multiple of that Ratio of

S and O when combine with C is 2 : 1. Ratio of S and O is

SO2 is 1 : 1

53. (d) Avogadro’s law is independent of the reactive or

unreactive nature of the gases.

According to Avogadro’s law equal volumes of gases

at the same temperature and pressure should contain

54. (c)

55. (b) 1 amu =

12

1 of the mass of C-12.

56. (b) The modern atomic weight scale is based on C12.

57. (d) Molecular weight of ZnSO4.7H2O

= 65 + 32 + (4 × 16) + 7(2 × 1 + 16) = 287.

􀀿 percentage mass of zinc (Zn)

100 22.65%

287

􀀠 65 􀁵 􀀠

58. (b) Average atomic mass of neon

= 20 × 0.9051 + 21 × 0.0027 + 22 × 0.0922

= 20.187 u

59. (a) (78.9183361) × (0.5069) + (80.916289) × (0.4931)

60. (a) Mass of oxygen atom is 15.995 amu, becasue 1 amu

= 1.66056 × 10–24 g, hence 15.995 × value of 1 amu

give the value equal to option (a).

61. (d)

23

–24

2.824784 10

1.66056 10

􀁵􀀐

􀁵 = 14 amu

Where 1.66056 × 10–24 is equal to one atomic mass

(amu)

62. (b) Gram molecular weight of CO = 12 + 16 = 28 g

6.023 × 1023 molecules of CO weight 28 g

1 molecule of CO weighs = 23
23

28 4.65 10 g

6.02 10

􀀠􀁵􀀐

63. (b) Molecular weight of SO2 = 32 + 2 × 16 = 64

64 g of SO2 occupies 22.4 litre at STP

240 g of SO2 occupies =

22.4 240 84

64

􀁵 􀀠 litre at STP

64. (a) 1 mol CCl4 vapour = 12 + 4 × 35.5

= 154 g 􀁻 22.4 L at STP

􀀿 Density = gL 1 6.875gL 1

22.4

154 􀀐 􀀠 􀀐

65. (b) 6.02 × 1023 molecules of CO =1mole of CO

6.02 × 1024 CO molecules = 10 moles CO

= 10 g atoms of O = 5 g molecules of O2

EBD_7207

SOME BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY 13

66. (a) 4.4 g CO2 =

4.4

44

= 0.1 mol CO2 (mol. wt. of CO2 = 44)

= 6 × 1022 molecules = 2 × 6 × 1022 atoms of O.

67. (b) 2g of H2 means one mole of H2, hence contains

6.023 × 1023 molecules. Others have less than one mole,

so have less no. of molecules.

68. (a) Fe (no. of moles) =

55.85
558.5

= 10 moles = 10NA atoms.

No. of moles in 60 g of C = 60/12 = 5 moles = 5NA

atoms.

69. (c) 16 g CH4 is 1 mol. Hence number of molecules

= Avogadro number = 6.023 × 1023.

70. (c) M. Wt of Na2SO4.10H2O is 322 g which contains 224

g oxygen.

􀀿 32.2 g will contain 22.4 g oxygen.

71. (a) 21% of 1 litre is 0.21 litre.

22.4 litres = 1 mole at STP

􀀿 0.21 litre = 0.21 0.0093 mol

22.4

72. (d) At S.T.P. 22.4 litre of gas contains 6.023 × 1023

molecules

􀀿 molecules in 8.96 litre of gas

= 22

23

24.08 10

22.4

6.023 10 8.96 􀀠 􀁵

􀁵􀁵

73. (b) Mass of one molecule of Water

= 3 10 g 3 10 Kg

6.023 10

18 23 26

23

􀀠􀁵􀀐􀀠􀁵􀀐

74. (d) 1 molecule of CO2 has one atom of C and two atoms of
oxygen.

􀀿 1 mole of CO2 has = 6.02 × 1023 atoms of C

= 2 × 6.02 × 1023 atoms of O

75. (a) Given, V = 1.12 × 10–7 cm3

22400 cm3 at NTP = 6.02 × 1023 molecules

􀀿 1.12 × 10–7 cm3 at NTP =

23

6.02 10 1.12 10 7

22400

􀁵􀀐

􀁵􀁵

= 3.01 × 1012 molecules.

76. (b) Total atoms in 1 molecule of C12H22O11

= 12 + 22 + 11 = 45

􀀿 Total atoms in 1 mole of C12H22O11

= 45 × 6.02 × 1023 atoms/mol.

77. (a) 22.4 L of O2 at STP = 32 g

􀀿 1 L of O2 at STP = 32 1

22.4

􀁵 = 1.428 g = 1.43 g

78. (c) Given V = 2 L, Molarity = 0.5M, Moles = ?

Molarity No. of moles of solute

of solution in L

or

0.5 􀀠 Moles

􀀿 Moles = 2 × 0.5 = 1.0

79. (a) Let mass of O2 = 1 g

􀀿 Mass of N2 = 4g
No. of molecules of O2 =

32

No. of molecules of N2 =

28

Ratio of no. of molecules =

14

32 28

:11

32 7

􀀠 : = 7 : 32

80. (d) No. of moles =

mol. wt.

weight

342

50 = 0.14 mole

81. (c) Mass of 1 electron = 9.11 × 10–28 g

􀀿 Mass of 1 mole (6.02 × 1023) electrons

= 9.11 × 10–28 × 6.02 × 1023g

= 55 × 10–5 g = 55 × 10–5 × 103 mg = 0.55 mg.

82. (b) H2 + 2 2

OHO

􀁿􀁿􀁯

10g 64g

10 5 mol

􀂧􀀠􀂷􀂨􀂸
􀂩􀂹

64 2 mol

32

􀂧􀀠􀂷􀂨􀂸

􀂩􀂹

In this reaction oxygen is the limiting agent. Hence

amount of H2O produced depends on the amount of

O2 taken

􀀧0.5 mole of O2 gives H2O = 1 mol

􀀿 2 mole of O2 gives H2O = 4 mol

83. (c) No. of molecules

Moles of CO2 =

44 1

44

􀀠 NA

Moles of O3 =

48 1

48

􀀠 NA

Moles of H2 =

84

􀀠 4NA

Moles of SO2 =

64 1

64

􀀠 NA

84. (b) Molecular weight of C60H122 = (12 × 60) + 122 = 842.

Therefore weight of one molecule

Avagadro's number
Molecular weight of C60H122

1.4 10 g

6.023 10

842 21

23

􀀠􀁵􀀐

85. (c) 50% of X (Atomic mass 10), 50% of Y (Atomic mass 20).

Relative number of atoms of X = 5

10

50 􀀠 and than

Y = 2.5

20

50 􀀠

Simple Ratio 2 : 1. Formula X2Y

86. (a) Element % Atomic Relative Simple ratio

mass no.of atoms of atoms

C 80 12 80 6.66

12

6.66 1

6.66

H 20 1 20 20.0

20.0 3

6.66

􀀿 Empirical formula is CH3

87. (a) Empirical formula of compound = CH2

Molecular mass of the compound = 42

􀀿 n = 42/14 = 3

􀀿 Hence molecular formula = C3H6

88. (d) C 54.55 54.55/12 = 4.5 4.5/2.27 = 2

H 9.099.09/1= 9.09 9.09/2.27 = 4

O 36.36 36.36/16 = 2.27 2.27/2.27= 1

Hence empirical formula of the compound = C2H4O

89. (a) Mass ratio of H : C = 1 : 12

However, given mass ratio of H : C = 1 : 3

Therefore, for every C atom, there are 4 H atoms, hence

empirical formula = CH4

90. (a) Element Percentage Atomic Atomic Simple

weight ratio ratio

C 38.71 12 38.71 3.23 3.23 1

12 3.23

H 9.67 1 9.67 9.67 9.67 3

1 3.23

O 100 16 51.62 3.23 3.23 1 (38.71 9.67) 16 3.23

51.62

􀀠􀀠

􀀠􀀠

􀀐􀀠􀀠􀀎

Thus empirical formula is CH3O.

91. (d)

C 75 12 75/12 6.25 1

H 25 1 25/1 25 4

􀀠
At. Rel.No. of Simple

Element %

Mass Atoms Ratio

􀀿􀀃Empirical formula is CH4.

92. (b)

mol)

mole (12g of Mg 1

1 mole

22

mole

1 mole

Mg 2HCl MgCl H

􀀎􀁯􀀎􀁮

93. (a) We know that

N2 + 3H2 􀁯 2NH3

28 g 6 g 34 g

14 g 3 g 17 g

Here given H2 is 3 kg and N2 is 20 kg but 3 kg of H2 can

only react with 14 g of N2 and thus the obtained NH3

will be of 17 kg.

94. (d) 2H2 + O2 􀁿􀁿􀁯 2H2O

4g 32g 36g

4kg 32 kg 36kg

95. (c) C2H4 + 3 O2 􀁿􀁿􀁯 2CO2 + 2H2O

28 g 96 g
􀀧 28 g of C2H4 undergo complete combustion by

= 96 g of O2

􀀿 2.8 kg of C2H4 undergo complete combustion by

= 9.6 kg of O2.

96. (c) According to stoichiometry they should react as follow

4NH3 􀀎 5O2 􀁿􀁿􀁯4NO 􀀎 6H2O

4 mole of NH3 requires 5 mole of O2.

1 mole of NH3 requires =

= 1.25 mole of O2.

Hence O2 is consumed completely.

97. (a) Molarity = Normality ×

Equivalent mass

Molecular mass

0.2 M

2M

􀁵 = 0.1 M

98. (a) Molarity Normality

Replaceable hydrogen atom

􀀧 H2SO4 is dibasic acid.

􀀿 Molar solution of H2SO4 = N/2 H2SO4

99. (b) Given N1 = 10N, V1 = 10 ml, N2 = 0.1N, V2 = ?

1122NV􀀠NV

or 10 × 10 = 0.1 × V2

or 2

10 10

0.1
􀁵

V 􀀠 , V2 = 1000 ml

Volume of water to be added

= V2 – V1 = 1000 – 10 = 990 ml.

100. (b) ppm Mass of solute 106

Mass of solution

􀀠􀁵

􀀿 ppm

6 10–3 10 6.

1000

􀀙􀁵􀀠

􀁵􀀠

101. (a) 5 M H2SO4 = 10 N H2SO4,

(􀀧Basicity of H2SO4 = 2)

N1V1 = N2V2,

10 × 1 = N2 × 10 or N2 = 1 N

102. (c) Among all the given options molarity is correct

because the term molarity involve volume which

increases on increasing temperature.

103. (b) Moles of urea present in 100 ml of sol.=

20

23

6.02 10

6.02 10

􀀿 0.01M

6.02 10 100

M 6.02 10 1000 23

20

􀀠
􀁵􀁵

􀁵􀁵

[ 􀀧 M = Moles of solute present in 1L of solution]

104. (b) From the molarity equation.

M1V1 + M2V2 = MV

Let M be the molarity of final mixture,

M=

M1V1+M2 V2

where V = V1 + V2

1.344 M

480 520

M 480 1.5 520 1.2 􀀠

􀁵􀀎􀁵

STATEMENT TYPE QUESTIONS

105. (c) Both solids and liquids have definite volume, but

gases do not.

Solids have their own shape, but liquids and gases

takes the shape of the container in which they are put

in.

EBD_7207

SOME BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY 15

106. (b) For statement (ii), it is not necessary that all

components of a heterogeneous mixture are

observable to naked eyes for example blood is a

heterogeneous mixture whose components are not

visible to naked eyes. For statement (iv) air is a

homogeneous mixture of various gases.

in it while weight is the force exerted by gravity on an

object.

Mass is constant while weight may vary from one

place to another due to gravity.

SI unit of both mass and weight is kilogram.

108. (c) 27.3 days = 27.3 × 24 hours

= 655.2 hours

27.3 days = 27.3 × 24 × 60 minutes

= 39312 minutes

27.3 days = 27.3 × 24 × 60 × 60 seconds

= 2358720 seconds

109. (c) For statement (i), T = The other name of Gay-Lussac’s

law is law of definite proportions by volume.

For statement (ii), F = Law of conservation of mass is

valid for both physical and chemical change.

For statement (iii), F = Law of definite proportion is

valid for each compound individually and not for

comparing two different compounds.

For statement (iv), T = x/y must be a simple whole

number ratio and must be a positive integer.

For statement (v), F = Equal volumes of all gases

under similar conditions of temperature and pressure

contain equal number of molecules.

110. (c) For statement (i) : H, O, C, N = All have different

chemical properties.

For statement (ii) : It is true as per Dalton’s postulate.

For statement (iii) : N : O = 1 : 1 (NO)

For statement (iv) : Dalton’s postulates says, atoms

can neither be created nor destroyed.

111. (c) Molecular mass of cane sugar (C12H22O11)

= 342 amu

1 mole of cane sugar (C12H22O11) = 342 g

(Molecular mass of cane sugar = 342 g)

342 g of cane sugar contain = 6.022 × 1023 molecules

34.20 g of cane sugar contain =

6.022 1023 34.20

342

= 6.022 × 1022 molecules.

MATCHING TYPE QUESTIONS

112. (a)

113. (b) Terminal zeros are not significant if there is no

decimal i.e., 290 contains two significant figures

whereas in 29900. there are 5 significant figures;

1.23 × 1.331 = 1.63713 but keeping the mind the 1.23

has only few significant figures i.e., only three

significant figures, so result should also be reported

in three significant figures only. Thus 1.6373 should

be rounded off to 1.64. Value 1.783 is rounded off to

2, so has only one significant figure.

114. (a) 115. (b) 116. (a)

117. (d) A : 28 g of He =

28 7 mol

B : 46 g of Na =

46 2 mol

23

=
C : 60 g of Ca =

60 1.5 mol

40

D : 27 g of Al =

27 1 mol

27

118. (c)

ASSERTION- REASON TYPE QUESTIONS

119. (c)

120. (d) 1.231 has four significant figures all no. from left to

right are counted, starting with the first digit that is

not zero for calculating the no. of significant figure.

121. (b)

122. (d) We know that from the reaction H2 + Cl2 􀁯 2HCl that

the ratio of the volume of gaseous reactants and

products is in agreement with their molar ratio.The ratio

of H2 : Cl2 : HCl volume is 1: 1: 2 which is the same as

their molar ratio. Thus volume of gas is directly related

to the number of moles. Therefore, the assertion is

false but reason is true.

123. (c) Equal moles of different substances contain same

number of constituent particles but equal weights of

different substances do not contain the same number

of consituent particles.

124. (a)

CRITICAL THINKING TYPE QUESTIONS

125. (b) For, 0.0 significant figure is zero. For 0.1 to 0.9

significant figure will be 1 whereas from 1.0 to 2.0

significant figures will be 2.

combining with the third element, must combine with

each other in the same ratio or multiple of that ratio.

P2O3, PH3 and H2O correctly illustrate the law of

reciprocal proportions. Ratio in the number of atoms

of hydrogen and oxygen combining with one P is 3 :

1.5 i.e., 2 : 1.

127. (a) Relative atomic mass

= th

Mass of one atom of the element

1/12 part of the mass of one atom of Carbon 􀀐12

or

Mass of one atom of the element

12

mass of one atom of the C 12

Now if we use 1/6 in place of 1/12 the formula becomes

Mass of one atom of element

Relative atomic mass = 6

Mass of one atom of carbon

􀀿 Relative atomic mass decrease twice

16 SOME BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY

128. (a) No. of molecules in different cases

(a) 􀀧 22.4 litre at STP contains

= 6.023 × 1023 molecules of H2

􀀿 15 litre at STP contains = 6.023 1023

22.4

15 􀁵 􀁵

= 4.03 × 1023 molecules of H2

= 6.023×1023 molecules of N2

􀀧 5 litre at STP contains = 6.023 1023

22.4

5􀁵􀁵

= 1.344 × 1023 molecules of N2

(c) 􀀧 2 gm of H2= 6.023×1023 molecules of H2

􀀧 0.5 gm of H2=

6.023 1023

0.5 􀁵 􀁵

= 1.505 × 1023 molecules of H2

(d) Similarly 10 g of O2 gas

= 6.023 1023

32

10 􀁵 􀁵 molecules of O2

= 1.88 × 1023 molecules of O2

Thus (a) will have maximum number of molecules

129. (d) 1 Mole of Mg3(PO4)2 contains 8 mole of oxygen atoms

􀀿 8 mole of oxygen atoms 􀁻 1 mole of Mg3(PO4)2

0.25 mole of oxygen atom

0.25

􀁻 􀁵 mole of

Mg3(PO4)2

􀀠 3.125 􀁵10􀀐2 mole of Mg3(PO4)2

130. (c) Density Mass

Volume

1 gram cm–3 = 3
1gram

cm

Volume =

Mass

Density

1gram 1cm

1gram cm􀀐 􀀠 􀀠

􀀿 Volume occupied by 1 gram water = 1 cm3

or Volume occupied by

6.023 1023

18

molecules of water = 1 cm3

[􀀿 1g water = 1

18

moles of water]

Thus volume occupied by 1 molecule of water

=3

23

1 18

cm

6.023 10

= 3.0×10–23 cm3.

131. (b) The number of atoms in 0.1 mole of a triatomic gas

= 0.1 × 3 × 6.023 × 1023.

= 1.806 × 1023

132. (d) At NTP 22400 cc of N2O = 6.02 × 1023 molecules

22400

6.02􀁵1023

atoms

22400

3􀁵 6.02􀁵1023

􀀠 = 1022

224

1.8 􀁵 atoms

No. of electrons in a molecule of N2O = 7 + 7 + 8 = 22

Hence no. of electrons

22 electrons

22400

6.02 1023

1.32 1023

224

133. (b) If 1020 grains are distributed in one sec, 6.023 × 1023

grains will be distributed in

23

20

6.023 10 1

1.673 hrs

10 60 60

􀁵􀁵

􀁵􀁵
134. (a) Mass of 6.023 × 1023 atoms of oxygen = 16 g

Mass of one atom of oxygen

= 23

23

16 2.66 10 g

6.023 10

􀀠􀁵􀀐

Mass of 6.023 × 1023 atoms of nitrogen = 14 g

Mass of one atom of nitrogen

23

23

14 2.32 10 g

6.023 10

􀀠􀀠􀁵􀀐

Mass of 1 × 10–10 mole of oxygen = 16 × 10–10

Mass of 1 mole of copper = 63 g

Mass of 1 mole of oxygen = 16 g

Mass of 1 × 10–10 mole of copper = 63 × 1 × 10–10

= 63 × 10–10

So, the order of increasing mass is II < I < III < IV.

135. (b) The equation for the formation of Al2O3 can be

represented as

223

2 moles 1.5 moles 1mole

2Al 􀀎 3/ 2O 􀁿􀁿􀁯Al O

Thus, 1 mole of alumina is obtained by the reaction of

1.5 moles of oxygen and 2 moles of aluminium. Thus,

the amount of aluminium

= 2 × 27 g = 54 g. [mol. mass of Al = 27]

= 0.2 × 2 = 0.4 g

(b) 6.023 × 1023 = 1 mole

Thus 6.023 × 1022 = 0.1 mole

Weight of N2 = 0.1 × 28 = 2.8 g

(c) Weight of silver = 0.1 g

(d) Weight of oxygen = 32 × 0.1 = 3.2 g

EBD_7207

SOME BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY 17

137. (c) Percentage R.N.A Simplest ratio

C9

12

H1

=14

N 3.5

3.5

14

Empirical formula = C3H4N

(C3H4N)n = 108

(12 × 3 + 4 × 1 + 14)n = 108

n=

108

54

=2

􀀿 molecular formula = C6 H8N2

138. (c) The acid with empirical formula CH2O2 is formic acid,

H—COOH.

139. (d) 􀀧 18 gm, H2O contains = 2 gm H

􀀿 0.72 gm H2O contains = 2 0.72 gm 0.08 gmH

18

􀁵􀀠

􀀧44 gm CO2 contains = 12 gm C

􀀿 3.08 gm CO2 contains =

12 3.08 0.84 gmC

44

􀁵􀀠

􀀿 C : H = 0.84 0.08 :

12 1 = 0.07 : 0.08 = 7 : 8

􀀿 Empirical formula = C7H8

140. (a) Let 100 g of compound be there.

Number of moles of Nitrogen =

35

14

= 2.5

Number of moles of Hydrogen = 5

1.008

= 4.9

Number of moles of Carbon =

60

12.01
= 4.9

Since 2.5 is the smallest value division by it give

ratio

N:H:C

1 : 1.96 : 1.96

=1:2:2

Empirical formula = C2H2N

Empirical formula weight = 2 × 12 + 2 + 14 = 40

Molecular mass = 80

Molecular formulae = n (C2H2N)

= 2 (C2H2N) 80

40

􀂧􀂨 n 􀀠 􀂷􀂸

􀂩 􀂹 = C4H4N2

141. (b) Let 100 g of compound be there.

Number of moles of C = 77.43g

12.01g / mol = 6.44

Number of moles of H =

7.53g

1.008g /mol

= 7.47

Number of moles of N = 15.05

14.00g / mol

= 1.075

1.074 is the smallest value, division by it gives a ratio

of C : H : N

= 5.9 : 6.9 : 1

=6:7:1

Empirical formula = C6H7N

Empirical formula weight = 6 × 12 + 7 + 14 = 93

Molecular mass 1
Empirial formula weight

n􀀠􀀠

Molecular formula = 1 × C6H7N = C6H7N

142. (d) 2C H 15O (g) 12CO2 (g) 6H2O(g)

15(32)

2(78)

66􀀎􀁯􀀎

􀀧156 gm of benzene required oxygen = 15 × 22.4 litre

􀀿1 gm of benzene required oxygen = litre

156

15 􀁵 22.4

􀀿 39 gm of Benzene required oxygen

= 84.0 litre

156

15 22.4 39 􀀠

􀁵􀁵

143. (c) 2

197 gm

BaCO3 􀁯BaO􀀎 CO

􀀧197 gm of BaCO3 released carbon dioxide

= 22.4 litre at STP

􀀿 1 gm of BaCO3 released carbon dioxide =

197

22.4

litre

􀀿 9.85 gm of BaCO3 released carbon dioxide

= 9.85

197

22.4 􀁵 = 1.12 litre

144. (b) 2 2 3 2
mol mol

Ba(OH) 􀀎CO 􀁿􀁿􀁯BaCO 􀀎H O

nn

n mol Ba(OH)2 = n mol BaCO3

􀀿 0.205 mol Ba(OH)2 􀁻 0.205 mol BaCO3

Wt. of substance = No. of moles × Molecular mass

= 0.205 × 197.3 = 40.5 g

145. (a) Fe2O3 + 3CO 􀁯 2Fe + 3CO2

1 vol. 3 vol. 2 vol. 3 vol.

1 mol. 3 mol. 2 mol. 3 mol.

(􀀧􀀃vol% = mol%)

One gram mol of any gas occupies 22.4 litre at NTP.1

mol of Fe2O3 requires 3 mol of CO for its reduction

i.e., 1 mol of Fe2O3 requires 3 × 22.4 litre or 67.2 dm3

CO to get itself reduced.

146. (d) Writing the equation for the reaction, we get

PbO + 2HCl 􀁿􀁿􀁯 PbCl2 + H2O

207 + 16 2 × 36.5 207 + 71

= 223 g = 73g = 278g

No. of moles of PbO 6.5 0.029

223

􀀠􀀠

No. of moles of HCl

3.2 0.0877

36.5

􀀠􀀠

Thus PbO is the limiting reactant 1 mole of PbO produce

1 mole PbCl2.

0.029 mole PbO produces 0.029 mole PbCl2.

18 SOME BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY

147. (a) C57H110O6 + 2

􀁯􀀃57CO2 + 55H2O

890 gram of fat produces 990 gram of H2O

450 gram fat produces 990 450

890

􀂧􀁵􀂷􀂨􀂸

􀂩􀂹

= 500.56 g of H2O

Moles of H2O =

500.56g

18g mol

= 27.80

148. (d) C

26g

12g/mol

n 􀀠 = 2.16

O2

20g

32g/mol

n 􀀠 = 0.625

O2 will be a limiting reagent in reaction (i)

N2

60g

28g/mol

n 􀀠 = 2.14

nH2 = 40

According to balanced equation,

1 mol of N2 requires 3 mole of N2

2.14 mol of N2 require 6.42 mol of N2

N2 will be a limiting reagent in reaction (ii)

100g

4􀁵31 = 0.86 nO2 = 6.25

According to balanced equation

1 mol of P4 require 3 mol of O2

0.86 mol of P4 require 2.58 mol of O2

So P4 is a limiting reagent in reaction (iii)

149. (a) From molarity equation

M1V1 + M2V2 = MV(total)

2 10 0.5 200 M 210

1000 1000 1000

􀁵􀀎􀁵􀀠􀁵

120 = M × 210

M=

120 0.57 M

210

150. (a) 1 ppm = 1 mg / 1 litre (for liquids)

4 ppm = 4 mg / 1 litre

1 litre contains 4 mg of fluoride ions

10 ml contains

4 10

1000

􀁵 = 0.04 mg

Number of moles of fluoride =

0.04g

19g / mol

= 2.10 × 10–3

151. (a) Molarity (M) No. of moles of solute

Volume of solution in litres

􀀠
Molarity 􀁶 nsolute

nNaOH = 25

40

= 0.625

nLiOH =

25

24

= 1.04

nAl(OH)3 =

25

(17 􀀎 3􀁵17)

= 0.32

nKOH =

25

(39 􀀎17) = 0.45

nB(OH)3 =

25

(11􀀎17􀁵3)

= 0.403

EBD_