PHRASALS:

TURN
-​ Turn into: convertirse (They want to turn the offices into apartments.)
-​ Turn up: aparecer (Angela turned up late again.
-​ Turn out: resultar ser, acabar siendo.. (I’m sure it will all turn out well in the end.)
-​ Turn on/off: encender y apagar (Can you turn on the heating, please?)
-​ Turn down: rechazar (The salary was not good, so I turn down the promotion)
-​ Turn up/down: subir/bajar volumen (I need to focus, can you turn the volume down?)

LOOK
-​ Look up: buscar información en una fuente (I’ll look that word up in a dictionary)
-​ Look for: buscar (What are you looking for? -My classes, I can’t find them anywhere)
-​ Look forward to (+ing): esperar con ganas (I look forward to celebrating my bday)
-​ Look after: cuidar (Can you look after my plants while I am away on holidays?)
-​ Look into: investigar (The police are looking into the case)

TAKE
-​ Take up: empezar a hacer, apuntarse a algo: (Cristina has taken up Pilates)
-​ Take on: contratar = hire o employ (The company is taking people on)
-​ Take after: parecerse (You really take after your father)
-​ Take off: despegar (The plane will take off in 5 minutes, so fasten your seatbelts)
-​ Take off: quitarse algo de ropa (Can you take your shoes off before you come in?)
-​ Take in: asimilar, digerir (Don’t ask me to understand. That’s a lot to take in)

CARRY
-​ Carry on: continuar (We will carry on with the concert unless it rains)
-​ Carry out: llevar a cabo (She carried out the project)

PICK
-​ Pick up: recoger (Can you pick me up at 3pm?)
-​ Pick on: hacer la puñeta (Don’t pick on me, it wasn’t my fault)

RUN
-​ Run out of: quedarse sin algo (I need to go to the shop, we’ve run out of milk)
-​ Run into: encontrarse con alguien = bump into (I ran into Maria the other day, she
looks amazing)

CUT
-​ Cut down on: reducir el consumo de algo … (We really need to cut down on the
amount of meat we eat)

CALL
-​ Call off: anular, cancelar : (The meeting was called off because of the rain)

KEEP
 -​ Keep up with: mantenerse informado (You need to keep up with the news)
-​ Keep off: mantenerse alejado (keep you hands off – it is mine)
-​ Keep out: no dejar entrar, pasar (the coat keeps out the wind)

COME
-​ Come across: encontrarse con algo (He came across some old trousers in the
closet)
-​ Come up with: ocurrirse una idea o solución (She came up with the best solution)

PLAN
-​ Plan ahead: planear con antelación (It is important to plan ahead your holiday)

PUT
-​ Put on: engordar o ponerse algo de ropa (Which shoes are you going to put on?)
-​ Put off: posponer (put off a meeting) (The meeting was put off because of the rain)
-​ Put off: disuadir, echar para atrás (I wanted to buy that phone, but the price put me
off)
-​ Put someone up: hospedar (Can you put us up next week? we have nowhere to go)

BRING
-​ Bring up: sacar un tema (I will bring the matter up at the next meeting.)
-​ Bring up: criar (I was brought up in a little village in the North of Spain)

SET
-​ Set up: fundar o crear una empresa (English Coaching was set up in 2018)
-​ Set off: partir, ponerse en marcha (We will set off very early to make sure we get
there on time)

GIVE
-​ Give up: rendirse o dejar de hacer algo (I gave up my job last year)
-​ Give away: regalar (I will give away some of the clothes I don’t use to the charity)
-​ Give out: repartir, distribuir, entregar (Can you give the exams out, please?)
-​ Give off: desprender, soltar (un olor, gas) (When they die, plants give off gases such
as carbon dioxide and methane.)

FIND/FIGURE
-​ Figure out: averiguar (I can’t figure out why he said that.)
-​ Find out: averiguar (We may never find out the truth about what happened.)

CLOSE
-​ Close down: cerrar (quiebra)= (many shops are closing down because of COVID-19)

WORK
-​ Work out: hacer deporte, entrenar (I work out twice a week)
-​ Work out: funcionar, ir bien (I hope your new job works out.)

BUT
-​ Get by: ir tirando, apañárselas (How can he get by on so little money?)
 -​ Get in/out: subir y bajar del coche (Get in the car, it is raining heavily)
-​ Get on/off: subir y bajar del transporte (bus, metro, tren, avión, etc.) (As soon as I got
off the bus and it started to rain)
-​ Get on with: llevarse bien (I don’t get on well with my sister)
-​ Get along with: llevarse bien (Angela and her sister don’t get along)
-​ Get rid of: deshacerse de (We got rid of our unwelcome guests by saying we had to
go to bed.)

FALL
-​ Fall out with: discutir (She left after falling out with her parents)
-​ Fall behind: quedarse atrás (I’ve fallen behind on the mortgage payments.)

GO
-​ Go down with: contraer una enfermedad infecciosa (Many people have gone down
with COVID-19)
-​ Go up: subir (The price of the oil has gone up)
-​ Go down: bajar (The use of plastics is going down lately)
-​ Go on: continuar (Show must go on)

CATCH
-​ Catch on: ponerse a la moda: (Flare jeans are really catching on)
-​ Catch up: ponerse al día (We should grab a coffee some day and catch up)

MAKE:
-​ Make up: inventarse algo (Did you make that story up? I am sure she didn’t do it)
-​ Make up for: compensar (We will make up for the classes we missed next month)

PASS
-​ Pass out: desmayarse (She passed out because of the heat)
-​ Pass away: morir (Many people passed away because of COVID-19)

SIGN
-​ Sign in: iniciar sesión (you need to log in on instagram if you want to post a photo)
-​ Sign up: apuntarse, registrarse (If you don’t sign up you can’t log in)

SHOW
-​ Show off: fanfarronear (He’s always showing off to his classmates.)

OPEN CLOZE:
VERB TO BE → be, been, being, was, etc.

CONNECTORS → and, or, although, though, while, whilst, because, unless, whether, if,
however, etc.

MODALS → can, could, may, might, should, etc.

INFINITIVES → get, become, come, take, go, put, etc.

PREPOSITIONS → to, of, off, out, up, with, without, for, etc.

CLAUSES → whatever, whichever, whenever, wherever, whoever, etc.

RELATIVE CLAUSES → who, whom, which, that, whose, when, where, why

DETERMINANTS:
-​ artículos (a, an, the),
-​ demostrativos (this, that, these, those),
-​ posesivos (my, your, his, themselves, etc.),
-​ cuantificadores (a few, few, fewer, a little, little, many, much, more,
some, any, each, another, both, either, neither, etc.)

WORD FORMATION:
grow (verb) - GROWTH (noun)
behave (verb) - BEHAVIOUR (noun)
discover (verb) - DISCOVERY (noun) DISCOVERIES (noun plural)
general (adjective) - GENERALLY (adverb)
effective (adjective) - EFFECTIVELY (adverb)
patience (noun) PATIENT (adjective) PATIENTLY (adverb)
advantage - DISADVANTAGE (negative adjective)
able (adjective) - ENABLE (verb) - ABILITY (noun) - UNABLE
High (adjective) - HEIGHT (noun) - HIGHLY (adverb)
wide (adjective) - WIDTH (noun) - WIDELY (adverb)
strong (adjective) - STRENGTH (noun) - STRONGLY (adverb)
long (adjective) - LENGTH (noun)
deep (adjective) - DEPTH (noun) - DEEPLY (adverb)
accurate (adjective) - ACCURACY (noun) - ACCURATELY (adverb)
arrive (verb) - ARRIVAL (noun)
measure (verb or noun) - MEASUREMENT (noun)
predict (verb) - UNPREDICTABLE (negative adjective) - UNPREDICTABLY (adverb)
certain (adjective) - CERTAINTY (noun) - CERTAINLY (adverb)
see (verb) - SIGHT (noun)
food (noun) - FEED (verb)
Willingness (noun) - UNWILLINGNESS (noun negative) - WILLING (adjective) -
UNWILLING (negative adjective) - WILLINGLY (adverb) - UNWILLINGLY (negative
adverb)
PHRASALS:

write/put your name throw away take up run out of

down

work out tell sb off sign up put up with

turn up talk sb into doing show off put sb up

something

put up put on put sb off put off sth

put forward pick up look up to live up to

something

help out give something get round to doing get over

away something

get back catch up with/on catch on carry out

carry on bring up come across come up

come up with

IDIOMS AND COLLOCATIONS:

SPREAD the word = to communicate a message to a lot of people.

take PLACE = to happen

take PART IN = participate

be DROPPED from = to stop being included in a group or team
STRICT requirements = a rule or order that is very clear and precise and must always
be obeyed completely.
back AND forth = moving first in one direction and then in the opposite one
EACH other / ONE another = used to show that each person in a group of two or more
people does something to the others
ONE day = at some time in the future
take charge OF = take responsibility FOR
rely ON
trust IN
believe IN
when something SUITS somebody = it is convenient TO /acceptable FOR / suitable
FOR
be known FOR = be famous for something/ be known AS = refers to how someone or
something is known to the world.
live UP TO + years
LEADING company = coming or ranking first or among the first
MAKE use of something = use something to do a job or achieve a particular result or
effect.
be delighted WITH
be amused BY
be thankful FOR
be proud OF
TAKE your time = said to mean that you can spend as much time as you need in doing
something, or that you should slow down
provide sth/sb WITH sth
within easy REACH = nearby/easy to achieve or attain/ out of REACH = not able to be
achieved.
in ORDER to = to (infinitive of purpose)
BUT = synonym of except
apart FROM = except FOR
enrol = to put yourself or someone else onto the official list of members of a course,
college, or group
I enrolled IN the modern art course.
He is enrolled AS a part-time student.
They want to enrol their children IN their local school.
ATTRACT attention = to make someone notice you
a RANGE of = a set of similar things.
donate TO
disapprove OF
(may not) STAND a chance = (not) likely to achieve something
not ONLY but also = addition
regard AS = consider
as WELL = too
filled WITH
crowded WITH = full OF
AS a result
ON my own = BY myself
get ON (my/your) nerves = to annoy someone a lot
make (more of) an EFFORT = attempt to do something.
It is common KNOWLEDGE that = a fact that everyone knows
MAKE sense of
Exposed TO
When it COMES to doing sth = used to identify the specific topic that is being talked
about
Look LIKE = be similar in appearance
in a VARIETY / NUMBER of ways = in different ways/in many ways.
ON display
Reflect ON = to think carefully, especially about possibilities and opinions
Be reflected IN =to show, express, or be a sign of something
TO the best of my knowledge = as far as I know
PUT to good use = Employ to the best advantage
No MATTER how/what = to say that something is true or happens in all circumstances.
AT a young age/the age of 4
Interfere WITH
HAVE /ENJOY experiences
Be unifamiliar/familiar WITH
Have high expectations OF
give something a GO = to try doing something.
come into/in CONTACT WITH (something)/: to see and begin communicating with
(someone)
get in TOUCH with someone = contact
FIND IT IMPOSSIBLE TO INF = they think it cannot be done or happen.
IN turn = because of that
KEEP an eye on
keep a record OF
UNDER normal circumstances
PUT your ideas into practice
MAKE mistakes
left sth to STAND (tea for example) = leave a food, liquid or mixture without disturbing it
for some time.
CONDUCT experiments/researchsudde
COME to a conclusion
the secret TO doing sth
ON average
all OF a sudden = suddenly
provided THAT/ as LONG as = if
eager TO = very keen and excited about something that is going to happen or about
something you want to do
a VAST majority
be absorbed IN/BY
be willing TO do something.
be determined TO do something.
be intended TO do something =
be capable OF doing something
OVER the internet = means of content delivery.
ON the internet = the Internet as a location.
attitude TO something
There was/is an increase/a reduction IN
as FAR as I am concerned
come AS a/no surprise/relief/disappointment = to make someone feel/not be surprised,
relieved, disappointed etc
AT your disposal
Take into ACCOUNT = consider
There wasn’t any/was no sign OF
IN advance
lead TO = result in
arrive IN / AT
range FROM 0 to 25 degrees
be fitted WITH
be designed TO do something
expect something TO be ….
be known FOR
SET records for
be tired OF something/doing something
be IN favour of
in VIEW of = because or as a result of.
volunteer TO do something
be in NO doubt = certain
MAKE sure
Take something into CONSIDERATION = consider
There was no sign OF
Can’t/couldn’t be BOTHERED = too lazy or tired to do it.
feel LIKE doing something = to want to have or do something.
give THOUGHT to something = consider

PRUEBAS:

PART1:
-​ arrived at
-​ conducted in
-​ out of reach
-​ in a relatively short time
-​ struggle to
-​ carry out

PART 3:
-​ nature → natural
-​ appear → disappear(s)
-​ mystery → mysterious
-​ explain → explanation
-​ act → active
-​ steady → steadily
-​ able → unable
-​ deep → depth
-​ surround → surrounding

PART 4:
-​