0% found this document useful (0 votes)
11 views25 pages

THE-WORLD-OF-RIZALS-TIMEGROUP- (1)

The document outlines the historical context of Rizal's time, highlighting significant global events such as the emancipation of serfs in Russia and the American Civil War, as well as the political instability and corruption of Spanish colonial rule in the Philippines. It details the injustices faced by Filipinos, including lack of representation, human rights violations, and the oppressive influence of the friars. The document emphasizes the challenges and struggles of the Filipino people under a deteriorating colonial power during the 19th century.

Uploaded by

abegailmagsilao9
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
11 views25 pages

THE-WORLD-OF-RIZALS-TIMEGROUP- (1)

The document outlines the historical context of Rizal's time, highlighting significant global events such as the emancipation of serfs in Russia and the American Civil War, as well as the political instability and corruption of Spanish colonial rule in the Philippines. It details the injustices faced by Filipinos, including lack of representation, human rights violations, and the oppressive influence of the friars. The document emphasizes the challenges and struggles of the Filipino people under a deteriorating colonial power during the 19th century.

Uploaded by

abegailmagsilao9
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 25

I.

THE WORLD
OF RIZAL’S
TIME
February 19, 1861- 4 months before Rizal’s birth, Czar Alexander II issued a proclamation
emancipating 22, 500,000 serfs ( to appease the rising discontent of the Russian
masses).

When Rizal was born on June 19, 1861, the American Civil War (1861-1865) was raging
furiously in the US over the issue of Negro slavery. Thus, President Lincoln issued his
famous Emancipation proclamation on September 22, 1862 freeing the Negro slaves.

June 1, 1861- Benito Juarez, a full blooded Zapotec Indian, was elected as President of
Mexico (18 days before Rizal was born).

April 1862- Emperor Napoleon III (2nd French empire) invaded and conquered Mexico.

Owing to the raging American Civil War, Juarez could not obtain military aid from his
friend Pres. Lincoln.
June 12, 1864- Napoleon III installed Archduke Maximillian of Austria as a puppet of Mexico
city.

May 15, 1867- with US support, Juarez defeated Maximillian’s French forces in the battle of
Queretaro.

June 19, 1867- (Rizal’s 6th birthday)- Emperor Maximillian was execute

Italians and Germans successfully unified their own country

Italians leader of Count Cavour and of Garibaldi and his army of “Red shirts” drove out the
Austrian and French Armies from Italy and proclaimed the kingdom of Italy under King Victor
Emmanuel, with Rome as capital city.

Otto Von Bismarck (Iron Chancellor)- led the Prussians in the Franco- Prussian war and
defeated France and established the German Empire on January 18, 1871.
After the second French empire collapsed, the third French Republic arose with Adolph
Thiers as first President.

England-emerged as the world’s leading imperialist during Rizal’s time.

1837-1901-glorious reign of Queen Victoria (British people proudly asserted:


“Britannia rules the waves”).

By winning the first Opium War (1840-1842) over the Chinese empire under Manchu
Dynasty, England acquired the island of Hongkong (Fragrant Harbor).

2nd Opium War (1856-1860)- England won again and forced the helpless Manchu
dynasty to cede the Kowloon Peninsula.

1859- England imposed her raj (rules) over the subcontinent of India (now consisting
India, Pakistan and Bangladesh).
Burma- was conquered by winning the 3 Anglo-Burmese War (1824-1826, 1852 and
1885).

Ceylon (Sri Lanka), Maldives, Aden, Malaya, Singapore, and Egypt were all British colony
including Australia and New Zealand in the South Pacific.

1858-1863- France with Filipino troops under Spanish officers conquered Vietnam,
annexed Cambodia, and Laos, and merged all these countries into a federated colony under
the name of French Indochina.

The Dutch, after driving away the Portuguese and Spaniards from the East Indies in the
17th century colonized this vast and rich archipelago and named in the Netherlands East
Indies (Now Indonesia)

1865-1884- Khannates of Bokhara, Khiva and Kokand was conquered.


July 8, 1853- American squadron under the command of Commodore Matthew C.
Perry reopened Japan to the world after the 214 years of isolation (1639-1853).

Emperor Meiji (Mutsuhito) modernized the country by accepting Western


influences including imperialism.

1894-95- fight with China (Sino Japanese War) and grabbed Formosa (Taiwan)
and Pescadores, 1910 she annexed Korea.

October 22, 1885- The holy father issued his decision about Carolina and Palaus
favoring Spain.

Germany was granted the right to trade in the disputed archipelago and established
coaling station in Yap for the German navy.
II. THE
PHILIPPINES OF
RIZAL’S TIME 11 Evil
Colonial
During the times of Rizal , the sinister Power
shadows of Spain’s decadence
darkened the Philippine Skies.
1. Instability of Colonial administration
2. Corrupt officialdom
3. No Philippine representation in the Spanish
Cortes
4. Human rights denied to Filipinos
5. No equality before the law
6. Maladministration of justice
7. Racial Discrimination
8. Frailocracy
9. Forced labor or Polo y Service
10. Haciendas owned by the friars
11. The Guardia Civil
Instability of Colonial administration
It was 19th Century when Rizal lived with a ferment of event
caused by variant tides of leadership, changes in government,
liberation, violence and war which significantly affected the
lives and fortunes of mankind.

The Filipino people were unfortunate victims of the evils of an


unjust, bigoted and deteriorating colonial power.
King Ferdinand VII of Spain 1808-
The 1833)

Struggles His turbulent reign which


between the brought about the
Forces of instability of the Spanish
Despotism Politics marked the
and beginning of political
Liberalism in chaos in Spain and her
Spain colonies.
The Spanish Government
underwent frequent changes
owing to bitter struggles
between the forces of
despotism and liberalism and the
explosions of the carlist wars.

From 1834 to 1862, Spain had


adopted 4 constitutions , elected
28 parliaments and installed no
less than 529 ministers with
portfolios ; followed in
subsequent years by party
strife, revolutions, and other
political upheavals.
The political instability in Spain brought about
periodic shifts in colonial policies and region of
colonial officials.

These frequent changes of the administration in the


Philippines hampered down the economic and
political conditions of the country,

From 1853 to 1897 the Philippines was ruled by 50


Governor Generals with each serving an average
term of a year and three months.

from December of 1853 to November 1854 (which is a


period of less than a year) there were four
Governor- Generals
I n the year 1850 a Spani sh Juri st, l eft
Madri d wi th hi s whol e fami l y and took
the l onger route, the Cape of Good
Hope, arri vi ng i n Mani l a after thei r 6-
month l ei sure tri p.

He found out that another Juri st and


occupi ed hi s posi ti on.

Duri ng the span of hi s tri p, the


Mi ni stry whi ch appoi nted hi m fel l i n
Madri d, and the succeedi ng Mi ni stry
named hi s repl acement.

Thi s new Juri st travel ed faster, taki ng


the shorter route vi a The i sthmus of
Suez and reach Mani l a faster.
Corrupt Colonial
Officials
The colonial officials sent by
Spain in the 19th century
were a far cry from their
predecessors the “SIGRO DE
ORO” which produced Miguel
Cervantes, Lope de Vega and
other glories of the Hispanic
nation of the 16th, 17th and
18th centuries.

The Philippines received


governance from either the
highly corrupt, incompetent,
cruel or venal.
General Rafael Izquierdo y
Gutierez (1871-1873)

On Jan 18, 1871, King Amadeo of Spain appointed Lt. Gen.


Rafael de Izquirdo as Governor-General of the Philippines.

Spanish military officer, Politician, and statesman


Served as Governor- general of the Philippines from April
4, 1871 to January 8, 1873
Famous for his use of “Iron fist” type of government,
contradicting the liberal government of his predecessor,
Carlos Maria de la Tore y Navacerrada
Arrived in manila a poor man and returned to Spain a
millionaire
He was a true tyrant because of his brutal persecution of
the Calamba Tenants.
No Philippine Representation in
Spanish Cortes

The representation of the overseas


colonies in the Spanish Cortes was
abolished in 1837. Since then the
Philippines condition worsened
because there was no means by which
the filipino people could expose the
anomalies perpetrated by the colonial
officials. Philippine representation in
the Cortes was never restored.
Human Rigths denied to Filipinos

The people of Spain enjoyed freedom


of speech, freedom of the press,
freedom of the association and other
human rights (except freedom of
religion). The spanish authorities who
cherished these human rights or
constitutional liberties in Spain
denied them to the Filipinos in Asia.
No Equality before the Law

The Spanish missionaries, who


introduced Christianity into the
Philippines as early as in the 16th
century, taught that all men,
irrespective of color and race, are
children of god as such they are
brothers, equal before God.
Maladministration of Justice

The courts of Justice were notoriously


corrupt. Judges, Fiscals and court officials
were inept, venal and oftentimes ignorant
of law.
Justice was costly, partial and slow. Poor
Filipinos has no access to the courts. To the
Filipino Masses, litigation in court was a
calamity.
Racial Discrimination

Spain introduced Christianity’s egalitarian


concept of the BROTHERHOOD OF ALL MEN
under GOD THE FATHER , but Filipinos were
regarded as inferior beings underserving of
rights enjoyed by the Spaniards.
Spaniards derisively called brown-skinned
and flat nosed Filipinos “ Indios” (Indians).
Lack of Opportunities for educated young
Filipinos rise in the service of God and
Country.
Frailocracy
Union of Church and State
Friars (Augustinians, Dominicans, and
Franciscans)- controlled the
religious and educational life of the
Philippines and later in the 19th
century they came to acquire
tremendous political power,
influence and riches.
Friars controlled government from
Governor general down to alcades
mayores.
Forced Labor

Polo was the compulsory


labor imposed by the
Spanish colonial authorities
on adult Filipino males.

Only the well-off Filipinos


were able to escape this
manual labor by paying the
Falla
Haciendas owned by the Friars
Friars owned the best haciendas
and the folks filling these lands
even before the coming of the
Spaniards became tenants

Rizal tried to initiate agrarian


reform in 1887 but in vain, ignited
the wrath of the Dominican Friars
who retaliated by raising land
rentals.
The Guardia Civil

Rizal and his mother had


been victims of the
lieutenant of the Guardia
Civil
THANKYOU FOR
LISTENING

You might also like