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ORAL COMMUNICATION (1)

The document outlines the stages of oral communication, focusing on planning and delivery. Key steps include analyzing the audience, determining the purpose, preparing the topic, organizing the presentation, and effectively delivering it through appropriate gestures, eye contact, and posture. It also emphasizes the importance of visual aids, PowerPoint guidelines, and evaluating one's performance post-presentation.

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mederjade
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6 views

ORAL COMMUNICATION (1)

The document outlines the stages of oral communication, focusing on planning and delivery. Key steps include analyzing the audience, determining the purpose, preparing the topic, organizing the presentation, and effectively delivering it through appropriate gestures, eye contact, and posture. It also emphasizes the importance of visual aids, PowerPoint guidelines, and evaluating one's performance post-presentation.

Uploaded by

mederjade
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ORAL COMMUNICATION

THE PLANNING STAGE

1. Analysing the audience


2. Determining the purpose
3. Preparing the topic
4. Organising the presentation
1. Analysing the Audience

 Gather information about your audience (age, gender, culture, experience, education)
 Determine the audience’s knowledge about the topic
 Tailor your message according the needs of your audience
2. Determining the Purpose

 Be clear about what you want to communicate to your audience


3. Preparing the Topic

 Brainstorm ideas about the topic


 Consult relevant sources (textbooks, journals, newspapers)
 Add your own ideas/knowledge about the topic
 Keep record of your sources
 Keep in mind what your audience might want to know
 Store gathered information safely
4. Organising the Presentation

(a) The Introduction

 Introduce your topic to attract the audience’s attention (anecdote, rhetorical question, activity)
 Refer to the audience and the occasion
 Give background information
 Reveal the objective of your presentation
 Highlight the benefits of listening to your presentation
 Mention the length of your presentation and state whether the audience will be invited to ask questions
 Outline the structure of your presentation to shape up the expectations of your audience
(b) The Body
 Support main points with suitable evidence/details (factual information, statistics, examples,
quotations, narratives, comparisons)
 Organise your main and supporting ideas according to order of importance, chronological order,
cause and effect, or problem and solution
 Use signal words to link up ideas (furthermore, however, therefore)
(c) The Conclusion

 Use concluding signal markers (in conclusion…, to sum up…)


 Summarise main points (do not add new information)
 Quote a recognized source to add credibility to your argument
 Leave the audience with a direct challenge to do as you suggest
 Invite your audience to visualize a future without your proposal
Preparing note cards

 Prepare one card for each main point


 Write down a key phrase for the main point and for each of the supporting points in a logical order
 Prepare a card for the introduction and one for the conclusion
 Number your cards to keep them in the correct order
 Use large lettering so that you can read each card at a glance
Preparing PowerPoint handouts
 Print out PowerPoint slides with 1 – 9 slides on a page
 Hand slides printouts to your audience so that they can follow your presentation
 Make your own notes on the lined space on the handout
 Use PowerPoint printout to make notes for yourself
Preparing Visual Aids

 Flipcharts
 Overhead projector transparencies and visualisers
 Whiteboards or chalkboards
 Videos and DVDs
 PowerPoint presentations
 Prezi Presentations
 Interactive whiteboards
Guidelines for preparing PowerPoint presentations
 Do not overload slides with information (not more than 11 lines per slide)
 Use bulleted points
 Place a full stop only after the last butted point
 Reveal one point at a time
 Use a pointer to point to the screen
 Try not to be too gimmicky with transitions and animations
 Print out a copy for making notes and in case of equipment failure
 Make sure the font is large enough to be seen
 The background must not distract the audience.
Before the Presentation

 Prepare the venue appropriately


 Rehearse the presentation in front of a mirror or friend
THE DELIVERY STAGE
1. Preparing yourself
 Physical preparation (appropriate clothing)
 Mental preparation (think positively, run through notes, relax, overcome nervousness)
2. Delivering the presentation
 Voice (pitch, inflection, tone, projection, pace, breathing, pauses, avoid qualifiers)
3. Eye contact
 Make eye contact with as many people as you can
 Look at an audience member for not longer 5 – 10 seconds
4. Gestures
 Use natural gestures
 Avoid distracting mannerisms
5. Posture
 Stand tall
 Stand on both legs with feet slightly apart
 Use the floor space appropriately
 Face your audience
 Stand in front of the lectern rather than behind it
6. Facial Expressions
 Smile to warm people to you
Answering Questions

 Be relaxed and natural during question time


 Concentrate and answer the question as best as you can
 Say so, if you don’t know the answer
 Make eye contact with the person asking a question
 Look at the audience as a whole when you respond
 Write down the questions if they are more than one
 Encourage your audience to ask questions
Evaluating the Presentation

 Do not criticize yourself during the presentation


 Assess how you did after the presentation
 Make notes as a reminder for future presentations
 Enjoy your presentation

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