Architectural Styles Timeline

Pre-Historic Mesopotamian
9000 BC – 3000 BC 4000 BC – 4 Century
th

- Assyrian Architecture
- Persian Architecture
- Babylonian Architecture

Egyptianst
5000 BC – 1 Century AD
Architectural Styles Timeline Early Christian
Architecture
4 Century AD
th
Classical Architecture
(during Classical Period)

The decline/ fall of

Greek Architecture the Western Roman
Empire 476 AD
8 Century BC – 2 Century AD
th nd

Roman Architecture Byzantine

2 Century – 4 Century AD
nd th Architecture
4 Century – 6 Century
th th
 Renaissance &
Architectural Styles Timeline Humanism
Renaissance
Architecture
15th – 18th Century
- Italian Renaissance
Medieval Period/ Middle Ages - French Renaissance
- German Renaissance
- Belgium and Dutch
- Spanish Renaissance
Romanesque Architecture - English Renaissance
8 Century BC – 12 Century
th th - Russian Renaissance

English Medieval
Started in between
Century of Gothic Architecture
Romanesque to Gothic 13 – 15 Century
th th

Architecture
Architectural Styles Timeline
Baroque Art Nouveau Style
Architecture Late 19 Century – Early 20th
th
Century
Early 17 Century
th
originating in Italy - Stile Liberty (Italy)
- Sezession (Austria)
- Modernismo (Spain)
- Jugendstil (Germany)

Neo-Classical Beaux-Arts Art Deco Style

Late 18 Century –
th
Architecture 1910 (France)
Early 19th Century Late 19 Century
th
1920s-1930s (US &
(France) Europe)
1900 (US)
Renaissance Architecture

• Latin word 'Renaistre’.

It means rebirth, revival or new
beginning.
Renaissance Architecture

• “rebirth” of the Classic Architecture

• Conscious revival and development of
certain elements of ancient Greek and
Roman thought and material culture.
Renaissance Architecture

• Originated in Florence, Italy in the early 15th century and

spread throughout Europe, replacing the medieval Gothic
style and was succeeded by Baroque architecture.
• Knowledge of Classical architecture came from the ruins of
ancient buildings and the writings of Vitruvius.
• Revival of ancient Roman forms, including the column and
round arch, the tunnel vault, and the dome. The basic design
element was the order.
• As in the Classical period, proportion was the most important
factor of beauty; Renaissance architects found a harmony
between human proportions and buildings.
 Filippo Brunelleschi
• Italian Architect and Engineer who
was one of the pioneers of early
Renaissance architecture in Italy.

• His major work is the Dome of the

Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore (the
Duomo) in Florence (1420–36),
constructed with the aid of
machines that Brunelleschi
invented expressly for the project.
Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore
Florence, Italy
Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore
Florence 1420-1436
Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore
Florence 1420-1436
Cathedral of Santa Maria del
FioreFlorence 1420-1436
 Dome of Cathedral of Santa
Maria del Fiore
Florence 1420-1436

• Constructed with the aid

of machines that
Brunelleschi invented
expressly for the project.

• Remains the largest brick

dome ever constructed.

• A circular masonry dome

can be built without
supports, called centering,
because each course of
bricks is a horizontal arch
that resists compression.
 Dome of Cathedral of Santa
Maria del Fiore
Florence 1420-1436

• Constructed with
the aid of machines
that Brunelleschi
invented expressly
for the project.

• It remains the
largest brick dome
ever constructed.
 Leon Battista
Alberti
• Italian Renaissance humanist author,
artist, architect, poet, priest, linguist,
philosopher, and cryptographer.
• Was the prototype of the
Renaissance “Universal Man”.
• Called as “Florentine Vitruvius”

Notable Architecture writings:

1. De Pictura – declares the
importance of painting as a base
for Architecture.
2. De Re Aedificatoria – Alberti’s
Theoretical Masterpiece.
 DE RE
AEDIFICATORIA
Ten Books on Architecture

• This is considered as one of the

greatest works of the theory of
architecture.
• Discussed that Architecture
was among the most notable of
art forms. (Architecture as the
highest form of art.)
• Its focus was on the art of
building, both in terms of
single buildings and entire
urban spaces.
 ANDREA
PALLADIO
• The Father of Modern Picture
Books
• His treatise Four Books of
Architecture made him one of the
most influential figures in
Western architecture.
• Palladian Architecture
is based on his writings and
works with the intention to
revive and recreate the Classical
architecture.
 I QUATTRO LIBRI
DELL'ARCHITETTURA
“Four Books of Architecture”

• Most successful architectural treatise of

the Renaissance and one of the most
influential books in the architectural
history.
• Contains Palladio’s own design celebrating
the purity and simplicity of classical
architecture.
Baroque Architecture

• A highly decorative and theatrical style which

appeared in Italy in the early 17th century and
gradually spread across Europe.
• Was originally introduced by the Catholic Church,
particularly by the Jesuits, as a means to combat the
Reformation and the Protestant church with a new
architecture that inspired surprise and awe.
Baroque Architecture

• Making use of ornaments and elements

that sought to establish a dramatic sense --
especially by contrasting light and dark.
• Viewed structural elements as platforms
for decoration.
1. FRESCO PAINTING
- Adorned with the frescoes of baroque artists on the interior walls and ceiling.
- Frescoes given a sense of three-dimensionality.
- The subjects of these fresco paintings were often biblical characters.
SISTINE CHAPEL Ceiling
Painting by Michelangelo

1. FRESCO PAINTING
- Adorned with the frescoes
of baroque artists on the
interior walls and ceiling.
- Frescoes given a sense of
three-dimensionality.
- The subjects of these fresco
paintings were often biblical
characters.
SISTINE CHAPEL Ceiling
Painting by Michelangelo

1. FRESCO PAINTING
- Adorned with the frescoes of baroque artists on the interior walls and ceiling.
- Frescoes given a sense of three-dimensionality.
- The subjects of these fresco paintings were often biblical characters.
2. Trompe-l'œil
Painting combined with sculpture. The eye is drawn upward, giving the illusion that one is
looking into the heavens. Clusters of sculpted angels and painted figures crowd the ceiling.
Interior view of
Dome of the
Church of the
Gesù by Giacomo
Barozzi da Vignola
2. Trompe-l'œil
Painting combined with sculpture. The eye is drawn upward, giving the illusion that one is
looking into the heavens. Clusters of sculpted angels and painted figures crowd the ceiling.
3. STUCCO WALL
- Stucco is a cement-type
mixture made of Portland
cement, lime, sand and
water.
3. VAULTED COPULAS
- domelike ceilings
3. VAULTED COPULAS
- domelike ceilings
 Santa
Susanna,
Rome by
Carlo
Maderno

4. ORNAMENTS
- Making use of ornaments
and elements that sought to
establish a dramatic sense,
contrasting light & dark.
- Characterized primarily by
its luxuriousness, whether it
be in rich ornamentation or
liberal use of gold.
4. ORNAMENTS
- Making use of ornaments and elements that sought to
establish a dramatic sense, contrasting light & dark.
- Characterized primarily by its luxuriousness, whether
it be in rich ornamentation or liberal use of gold.
4. Twisting Elements
- Often used, to give an illusion of upwards motion.
- To heighten the feeling of motion and sensuality.
- Curvaceousness, and an often dizzying array of rich
surface treatments, twisting elements, and gilded statuary.
Church of the
Gesù Rome

Construction
began in 1568
and was
designed by one
of the greatest
Italian architects
Giacomo Barozzi
da Vignola and
then finished off
by Giacomo della
Porta in 1580.
Basilica of Bom Jesus.
A World Heritage Site
built in Baroque style
and completed in 1604
AD.
Church of the
Gesù Rome

Construction
began in 1568
and was
designed by one
of the greatest
Italian architects
Giacomo Barozzi
da Vignola and
then finished off
by Giacomo della
Porta in 1580.
Santa Susanna, Rome by Carlo Maderno
PAOAY CHURCH, also known as the CHURCH OF SAN AGUSTÍN
Paoay, Ilocos Norte
UNESCO World Heritage Sites in the Philippines
 Santa Maria Church (Ilocos Sur) or
Church of Our Lady of the Assumption
 Santa Maria Church (Ilocos Sur) or
Church of Our Lady of the Assumption
Neo-classical Architecture

• sometimes referred to as Classical Revival

architecture
• Neoclassical movement aimed to strip away
the excesses of Late Baroque and return to a
purer and more authentic classical style,
adapted to modern purposes.
The Academy of Athens, 1859, by Theophil Hansen
Old Legislative Building, 1918 and rebuilt in 1945 (Manila, Philippines)
MANILA CITY HALL
MANILA CITY HALL
National Museum of Fine Arts (Manila)
National Museum of Fine Arts (Manila)
Beaux-Arts Beaux-Arts mean “Fine Arts”

• Named for the premier French school of

architecture, the Ecole des Beaux-Arts
(France), was introduced to the United
States by American architects who
attended the prestigious school in the late
nineteenth-century.
Beaux-Arts
• Eclectic version of Neo-classicism.
• Grandiose treatment of classic architectural forms.
• Both formal and monumental with abundant and
opulent decorative details.
• Lavish interiors including pilasters, arched openings,
elaborate chandeliers, coffered ceilings, or marble
fireplaces.
Beaux-Arts
• Uses formal symmetry,
Italian Renaissance
form, and classical
Greek and Roman
decorative elements like
columns, pediments
and balustrades to
create a grand and
imposing architectural
statement.
Beaux-Arts

• Exterior decorative
details include may
include quoins,
balconies, terraces,
porches, and porticoes
as well as ornamental
windows and grand
entrances.
 “Maximalism”
The Neo-classical architecture
took its inspiration from
ancient Rome and Greece,
where demand for formal,
maximalist designs were high.
This movement was later
transformed into an even
more grand design in the form
of Beaux-Arts architecture.
Palais Garnier – Paris, France
Architect: Charles Garnier
Palais Garnier – Paris, France
Architect: Charles Garnier
Palais Garnier – Paris, France
Architect: Charles Garnier
Art Nouveau
• Ornamental style of art that “Jugendstil”
flourished between about - Germany
1890 and 1910 throughout “Sezession”
Europe and the United
States. - Austria
• It was a deliberate attempt “Stile Liberty”
to create a new style, free of - Italy
the imitative historicism “Modernismo”
that dominated much of - Spain
19th-century art and design.
Art Nouveau
• Characterized by its use of a long, sinuous, organic line.
• The distinguishing ornamental characteristic of Art
Nouveau is its undulating asymmetrical line, often
taking the form of flower stalks and buds, vine tendrils,
insect wings, and other delicate and sinuous natural
objects; the line may be elegant and graceful or infused
with a powerfully rhythmic and whiplike force.
Stairway of Tassel House,
Brussels
Museum of Applied Arts in Saint-Cyr House by
Budapest by Ödön Lechner Gustave Strauven, Brussels
Gróf Palace in Szeged by
Ferenc Raichle
Municipal House in
Prague
Casa Batlló by Antoni Gaudí
and Josep Maria Jujol
Casa Milà by Antoni
Gaudí
Sagrada Família
Casa Batlló by Antoni Gaudí
and Josep Maria Jujol
Art Deco
• French Arts Décoratifs.
• Characterized especially by sleek
geometric or stylized forms and by the
use of man-made materials, bold
geometric forms of Cubism.
Art Deco
• The characteristic features of Art Deco reflect
admiration for the modernity of the machine and for
the inherent design qualities of machine-made objects.
• Showcase simple, clean shapes, usually with a
“streamlined” look; ornament that is geometric or
stylized from representational forms such as florals,
animals, and sunrays; and use of man-made
substances.
 Empire State Building
Midtown Manhattan, New
York City
A pair of sculpted
concrete eagles
Chrysler Building – East Side
of Manhattan in New York
City by William Van Alen