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 First Course in Differential Equations Modeling and
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CHAPTER 2

Problem 2.1
𝑑𝑦
𝒂) 𝑒−2𝑡 = 𝑦−1(1 − 𝑒−2𝑡); 𝑦(0) = 0
𝑑𝑡
1 𝑡
𝑦𝑑𝑦 = 𝑒2𝑡(1 − 𝑒−2𝑡)𝑑𝑡 =>> 𝑦2|𝑦 = ∫ (𝑒2𝑡 − 1)𝑑𝑡
2 0 0
1 𝑦2 = (1 𝑒2𝑡 − 𝑡) |𝑡
2 2 0

𝑦 = √𝑒2𝑡 − 2𝑡 − 1
𝑑𝑦
𝒃) = 𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑡) + 𝑦; 𝑦(0) = 2
𝑑𝑡
𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑡
∫ = ∫ (cos(𝑡) + 1)𝑑𝑡 =>> ln(𝑦)|𝑦 = (sin(𝑡) + 𝑡)|𝑡
2 𝑦 0 2 0
𝑦
ln ( ) = sin(𝑡) + 𝑡
2

𝑦 = 2 exp[sin(𝑡) + 𝑡]
𝒄) 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑡+2 ; 𝑦(0) = 2
𝑑𝑡 𝑦
𝑦 𝑡 1 1
∫ 𝑦𝑑𝑦 = ∫ (𝑡 + 2)𝑑𝑡 =>> 𝑦2|𝑦 = 𝑡2 + 2𝑡|𝑡
2 0 2 2 2 0

𝑦2 − 4 = 𝑡2 + 4𝑡

𝑦 = √𝑡2 + 4𝑡 + 4
𝑑 𝑑𝑦
𝒅) [𝑡 ] = 2𝑡; 𝑦(1) = 1 ; 𝑦′(1) = 3
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
Let 𝑢 = 𝑡 𝑑𝑦 with 𝑢(1) = 3
𝑑𝑡
 𝑑𝑢
𝑢
= 2𝑡 =>> ∫ 𝑑𝑢 = ∫ 2𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑡 =>> 𝑢 = 𝑡2 + 2

𝑑𝑡 3 1
𝑑𝑦 𝑦 𝑡
𝑢 = 𝑡2 + 2 = 𝑡 =>> ∫ 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ (𝑡 + 2𝑡−1) 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑡 1 1
2
𝑦 − 1 = 𝑡 + 2 ln(𝑡) − 1
2 2

𝑡2 1
𝑦= ( )
+ 2 ln 𝑡 +
2 2
2𝑦
𝒆) 𝑑 = 32𝑒−4𝑡 𝑦(0) = 1 ; 𝑦′(0) = 0
𝑑𝑡 2

𝑑 𝑑𝑦
= 32𝑒−4𝑡
𝑑𝑡 [𝑑𝑡 ]
Let 𝑢 = 𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑡

Then, 𝑑𝑢 = 32𝑒−4𝑡; 𝑢(0) = 0

𝑑𝑡
𝑢 𝑡 32 −4𝑡 𝑡 32 −4𝑡 32
∫ 𝑑𝑢 = ∫ 32𝑒−4𝑡𝑑𝑡 =>> 𝑢 = − 𝑒 | =− 𝑒 +
0 0 4 0 4 4
𝑑𝑦
𝑢= = 8 − 8𝑒−4𝑡
𝑑𝑡
𝑦 𝑡
∫ 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ (8 − 8𝑒−4𝑡)𝑑𝑡 =>> 𝑦 − 1 = 8𝑡 + 2𝑒−4𝑡|𝑡 = 8𝑡 + 2𝑒−4𝑡 − 2
1 0 0

𝑦 = 8𝑡 + 2𝑒−4𝑡 − 1
1 𝑑𝑦
𝒇) = 𝑦; 𝑦(0) = 1
𝑡2 𝑑𝑡
𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑡 1 1
∫ = ∫ 𝑡2𝑑𝑡 =>> ln(𝑦) |𝑦 = 𝑡3|𝑡 =>> ln(𝑦) = 𝑡3
1 𝑦 0 1 3 0 3

𝑡3
𝑦= 𝑒3
𝑑𝑦
𝒈) = −𝑦2𝑒2𝑡; 𝑦(0) = 1
𝑑𝑡
 4 𝑑𝑦 𝑡 1 1 1 1 1
∫ = − ∫ 𝑒2𝑡𝑑𝑡 =>> − |𝑦 = − 𝑒2𝑡|𝑡 =>> − + 1 = − 𝑒2𝑡 +
1 𝑦2 0 𝑦 1 2 0 𝑦 2 2

1 = 1 (𝑒2𝑡 + 1) =>> 𝑦 = 2
𝑦 2 𝑒2𝑡+1

𝑑𝑦
𝒉) − (2𝑡 + 1)𝑦 = 0; 𝑦(0) = 2
𝑑𝑡
𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑡
𝑑𝑦 = 𝑦(2𝑡 + 1) =>> ∫ = ∫ (2𝑡 + 1)𝑑𝑡 =>> ln(𝑦) |𝑦 = (𝑡2 + 𝑡)|𝑡

𝑑𝑡 2 𝑦 0 2 0

ln (𝑦2) = 𝑡2 + 𝑡 =>> 𝑦 = 2𝑒(𝑡2+𝑡)

𝑑𝑦
𝒊) + 4𝑡𝑦2 = 0; 𝑦(0) = 1
𝑑𝑡
𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑡 1
∫ = − ∫ 4𝑡𝑑𝑡 =>> − |𝑦 = −2𝑡2|𝑡
1 𝑦2 0 𝑦 1 0

1
𝑦=
1 + 2𝑡2
𝑡
𝑑2 𝑦 ( ) ′( )

𝒋) = cos ( ) ; 𝑦 0 = 0; 𝑦 0 = 1
𝑑𝑡2 2
Let 𝑢 = 𝑑𝑦, then
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑢
= cos 𝑡 ; 𝑢(0) = 1
𝑑𝑡 ( )
2
𝑢 𝑡 𝑡

∫ 𝑑𝑢 = ∫ cos ( ) 𝑑𝑡
1 0 2
𝑡
𝑢 = 1 + 2 sin ( )
2
and
𝑑𝑦
= 1 + 2 sin 𝑡 ; 𝑦(0) = 0
𝑑𝑡 ( )
2
𝑦 𝑡
𝑡
∫ 𝑑𝑦 = ∫ (1 + 2 sin ( )) 𝑑𝑡
0 0 2
 𝑡 |𝑡 = 𝑡 − 4 cos 𝑡
𝑦 = (𝑡 − 4 cos 2))
( ( )+4
2
0

𝑡
𝑦 = 4 + 𝑡 − 4 cos ( )
2
Problem 2.2

a) 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑦2 − 1 ≪=
𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑟
𝑑𝑦

𝑑𝑢 = (𝑦2 − 1)𝑑𝑦
1
𝑢 = 𝑦3 − 𝑦 + 𝐶
3
𝒃) 𝑑𝑇 = −0.0002(𝑇 − 5) <<= linear
𝑑𝑡

𝑑𝑇
= −0.0002𝑑𝑡 =>> ln(𝑇 − 5) = −0.0002t + C1
𝑇−5

𝑇 = 5 + 𝐶 𝑒−0.0002𝑡 where 𝐶 = 𝑒𝐶1

𝒄) 𝑑𝑦(𝑥) = 𝑒2𝑦 <<= nonlinear

𝑑𝑥

𝑒−2𝑦𝑑𝑦 = 𝑑𝑥 =>> − 1 𝑒−2𝑦 = 𝑥 + 𝐶

2
1
( )
𝑦 = − ln 𝐶 − 2𝑥
2

𝒅) 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑢2 cos(𝜋𝑡) 𝑢(0) = − 1 <<= nonlinear

𝑑𝑡 2
𝑢 𝑑𝑢 𝑡 1 𝑢 1
= ( ) ( )𝑡
2
∫−1 𝑢2 ∫0 cos 𝜋𝑡 𝑑𝑡 =>> | 1 = sin 𝜋𝑡 |0
𝑢 −2 𝜋
1
𝑢= 1
( )
− 𝜋 sin 𝜋𝑡 − 2
dy  y2 + 4 y − 5 

=
e)  t
dt y <<== nonlinear
 
 dy =  t dt
y
 y + 4y −5
2

Use Partial Fraction to simplify the first integrand.

y A A
= 1 + 2
y + 4 y − 5 y −1 y + 5
2

1 5
and from here A = and A = . Therefore,
1 2
6 6
16 56
 dy +  dy =  t dt
y −1 y+5

1 5 1
ln( y −1) + ln( y + 5) = t 2 + C
6 6 2

du
f) = u3 + 6u 2 +11u + 6 <<== nonlinear
dt

1
u 3
+ 6u +11u + 6
2
du =  dt

Use Partial Fractions to simplify the first integrand.

A
1 = 1 + A2
u3 + 6u2 +11u + 6 u +1 u + 2
+3
u
+
3
1 1
and from here A = ; A = −1; and A = . Therefore,
1 2 3
2 2
12 1 12
 du −  du +  du =  dt
u +1 u+2 u+3

Problem 2.3
1
ln(u +1) ln(u + 3) = t + C
1 2 2
−ln(u + 2) +

10C S S
− 12 + C S = d C
dt
Using Separation of Variables,
CS 12 + C S S CS 1 CS
S
t
S

 13.33 10CS
dC = 1.2
13.33 CS
dC + 0.1 dC = −  dt
13.33 0

and after evaluating the integrals

t = 4.44 −1.2lnCS − 0.1CS

Problem 2.4
𝑑𝑦(𝑡)
𝑟 + 𝑦(𝑡) = 𝐾𝑥(𝑡)
𝑑𝑡
1 𝑡
𝑦(𝑡) 𝑑𝑦(𝑡) = ∫ 𝑑𝑡 =>> ln[𝐾𝑥(𝑡) − 𝑦(𝑡)] |𝑦(𝑡) = − 𝑡
∫
𝑦(0) 𝐾𝑥(𝑡)−𝑦(𝑡) 𝑐 0 𝑦(0) 𝑐

𝑡
ln[𝐾𝑥(𝑡) − 𝑦(𝑡)] − ln[𝐾𝑥(𝑡) − 𝑦(0)] = −
𝑟
𝐾𝑥(𝑡) − 𝑦(𝑡) 𝑡
= 𝑒 −𝑐
𝐾𝑥(𝑡) − 𝑦(0)
𝑡
−
𝑦(𝑡) = 𝐾𝑥(𝑡) − [𝐾𝑥(𝑡) − 𝑦(0)]𝑒 𝑐

and using 𝑥(𝑡) = 𝑥(0) + 𝐷 ,

𝑡
𝑦(𝑡) = 𝐾(𝑥(0) + 𝐷) − [𝐾(𝑥(0) + 𝐷) − 𝑦(0)]𝑒 −𝑐

and with 𝑦(0) = 𝐾 𝑥(0),

𝑡
−𝑐
𝑦(𝑡) = 𝑦(0) + 𝐾𝐷 − [𝑦(0) + 𝐾𝐷 − 𝑦(0)]𝑒
𝑡
−
𝑦(𝑡) = 𝑦(0) + 𝐾𝐷 (1 − 𝑒 𝑐)

Problem 2.5

2 𝑑𝑣 + 4𝑣 = 16𝑢(𝑡) with 𝑣(0) = 0

𝑑𝑡
𝑡1
𝑣 𝑑𝑣 =∫ 𝑑𝑡 =>> − 1 ln(16 − 4𝑣) |𝑣 = 1 𝑡
∫
0 16−4𝑣 0 2 4 0 2
 ln(16 − 4𝑣) − ln(16) = −2𝑡 =>> ln (16−4𝑣) = −2𝑡
16

𝑣 = 4(1 − 𝑒−2𝑡)

Problem 2.6

𝑖1 = 1.43 × 10−4𝑣𝑠 + 0.286𝑖2 (1)

2 × 10−3 𝑑𝑖2 + 21428𝑖 2 = 0.286𝑣𝑠 (2)

𝑑𝑡

From (2): 9.3 × 10−8 𝑑𝑖2 + 𝑖2 = 1.33 × 10−5𝑣𝑠

𝑑𝑡

where 𝑟 = 9.3 × 10−8𝑠𝑒𝑐, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐾 = 1.33 × 10−5 𝑉

𝐴
𝑡
−
From Problem 2-5, 𝑖2 = 𝑖2(0) + 𝐾𝐷 (1 − 𝑒 𝑟)

𝑡
−4 − −8
𝑖2 = 2.66 × 10 + 0.000267 (1 − 𝑒 9.3×10 )

From (1):
𝑡
−4 −4 −5 − −8

𝑖1 = 57.2 × 10 + 0.76 × 10 + 7.64 × 10 (1 − 𝑒 9.3×10 )

−
𝑡
𝑖1 = 57.96 × 10−4 + 0.76 × 10−4 (1 − 𝑒 9.3×10−8 )

Problem 2.7
 X
0.3768X 1−  = dX
 18.91 dt
 

Using Separation of Variables,

 dX X = 0.3768 dt
X 1− 
 18.91 
  X (18.91− X )

dX
= 0.02 dt
Using Partial Fractions Expansion,
1 A1 A2
= +
X (18.91− X ) X 18.91− X

1 ( A − A1 ) X +18.91A1
= 2
X (18.91− X ) X (18.91− X )

Equating equal terms yields,

A1 = A2 = 0.053

Then,
 dX 
 = 0.02 dt
X t
0.053 dX
+
X

9.52 X 9.52 18.91− X  0

 
ln 0.986X = 0.377 t

18.91− X 

18.91e0.377t
X =
0.986 + e0.377t

Problem 2.8
d P(t)
6.915CV 1000 − P(t) = 1.08
dt

Using Separation of Variables

d P(t) 6.915CV
= dt
1.08

And using the information given in the statement

d P(t) 6.915CV
 
500 4
= dt
100 1.08 0

4
500
6.915CV
−2 1000 − P(t) = t
100 1.08 0

And solving for CV , CV = 0.596

Problem 2.9
dC A
=−
( )(A 2
+ A
)
85.28 C 0.132 0.5C
dt

Using Separation of Variables,

dC A =−
85.28 dt
(C ) (0.132 + 0.5C )
A 2 A

Using partial fractions expansion we factor the term on the left side
1
, = A1 A2 A3
+ +
( C A ) ( 0.132 + 0.5C A ) ( C A ) 0.132 + 0.5CA
2 2
CA

From here

( )
2
1 ( A + 0.5A ) C A + (0.5A + 0.132A )C A + 0.132 A
=
3 2 1 2 1

(C A ) ( 0.132 + 0.5C A ) (C A ) ( 0.132 + 0.5C A )

2 2

and equating equal numerator coefficients A1 = 7.58 ; A2 = −28.71; A3 = 14.36

Then,
CA dC A CA dCA CA dC A t

7.58 2 − 28.71 +14.36 = −85.28 dt

(C )
1.842
A 1.842 CA 1.842 0.132 + 0.5C A 0

And after evaluating the integrals,

t = 0.18 h

Problem 2.10

12.5 𝑑 𝑥3𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻 + 𝑥𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻 = 0.73 𝑥𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻 with 𝑥𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻(0) = 0.55 and 𝑥𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻 = 0.75 − 0.08 𝑢(𝑡)
𝑑𝑡 3 1 3 1

𝑑𝑥𝑁𝑎𝑂𝐻
Other documents randomly have
different content
The Project Gutenberg eBook of Poems
This ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United
States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with
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laws of the country where you are located before using this
eBook.

Title: Poems

Author: Thomas Hall Shastid

Release date: July 10, 2016 [eBook #52546]

Most recently updated: October 23, 2024

Language: English

Credits: Produced by Larry B. Harrison, Chuck Greif and the

Online
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*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK POEMS ***

 POEMS,

BY

THOMAS HALL SHASTID,

AUTHOR OF

“Newspaper Ballads.”

————

PITTSFIELD, ILLINOIS:
THE AUTHOR.

1881.

Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1881,

by

THOMAS HALL SHASTID,

In the office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington.

 —————
Printed and Bound by
H. E. Hanna, Book Printer,
Pittsfield, Illinois.
Table of Contents
 PREFACE.
To my many friends who have been so lenient in their
criticisms of my former work, and to the several editors
and literary men who have given me so much
encouragement, I wish to return my sincere thanks.
All the request I have to make, is, that I hope my efforts
this time will receive no more condemnation than my
other.
I take pleasure in launching my little volume upon the
wide sea of literature. The author is fourteen years of age,
but many of the poems were written at a much earlier age.
Yours, most respectfully,
THOMAS HALL SHASTID.
 POEMS.

CHRISTMAS NIGHT.

Be peace on earth, good will to men;

And let this now our carol be:
If on the land, or on the sea,
We still will sing the glad refrain;
And in the closing light of day
Good words of peace and cheer will say.

The Babe that in the manger born

Has risen high above the star,
To judge in peace, or judge in war,
To judge at night or judge at morn.
The star that told us of his birth
Has given us joy and lasting mirth.

The Man that suffered on the tree

Is risen high above all men;
Then swell the glad refrain again—
He died for me, He died for thee:
Then peace be ever on the earth
To one and all of human birth.

FALLING OF THE APPLE TREE.

The apple tree has fallen, now—
The axe has laid it low;
The blossoms sparkled ere it fell,
But now they wither so.

Its shade we now shall seek in vain—

The spot we loved so well
Has vanished since the apple tree
So loudly crashing fell.

No more the wind sings through the leaves,

The song so dear to me;
Ah! yes, that rustling far above
Was one of melody.

No more we see that staunch old tree—

The axe has laid it low,
And much we’ll miss it, evermore,
That fall was one of woe.

THE ANGELS.

The Angel of Peace flew over the land,

And the country was wild with glee;
And she stilled the wave in the stormy night
On a rolling and restless sea.

But the Angel of Death flew over the land

And a babe was taken that night.
And an angel sweet in heaven appeared
In the land of glory and light.
 THE SPECTRES.

In a palace sad and lonely

Flit two spectres all the day—
Spectres chasing joy and brightness
From each window far away.

One is Sorrow clad in raiment,

Sombre as the shades of night,
While her trailing robes of darkness
Chase away each ray of light.

But the other one is Envy

Clad in blackness, clad with woe,
Sorrow’s only sad companion,
Flitting ever to and fro.

By the windows ever gliding,

Filling all with thoughts of pain;
All who gaze are doomed forever,
Ne’er to see bright joy again.

THE YEARS.
All around us, ever floating,
Silently yet swiftly on,
Pass the years in quick succession—
Years that are forever gone.

Years that soon are past recalling.

Years of gladness or of woe;
We can never stop their fleeting
But forever they will go.

Years of sorrow passing round us,

Dark and dreary as the night.
Years of gladness quickly follow
Bringing thoughts all fair and bright.

Still the years continue passing

Swiftly as the years can be,
Till we leave our pains and sorrow;
Till we find eternity.

MY THOUGHTS.

I would I had some magic pen

That would my thoughts convey.
There were a mighty pen that would
The world astound to-day.

They come and go as fountains flow:

Unceasing, always flowing,
For while some thoughts are coming fast
The others fast are going.
 BY THE FIRESIDE.

On the bright red coals before me,

Pictures come and pictures go—
Pictures of the waiting future
Filled with gladness or with woe.

By the fireside do I picture

To myself my destiny.
Who knows but these golden raptures
May be real unto me.

Though the storm outside be raving

And the snowflakes drift on high;
By the fireside I am safely
Counting on what may be nigh.

All the flames fly ever upward

Coiling into every form.
Fairies circle ever round me
Heedless of the outside storm.

Still I watch the weird wild raptures

Of the golden dream so nigh.
Let us love our happy fancies
E’er the time has passed us by.

THE HAUNTED HOUSE.

 See the grass upon its threshold;
See the ivy on its wall;
Vacant are its crumbling windows,
Vacant is its mossy hall.

Ah! the step of man upon it

Shall resound along no more,
For the spirits of the dead ones
Ever flit about the door.

There the whisperings of the voices

Of the spirits of the dead;
Those of friends and enemies
Ever murmur ’round your head.

Let us leave the haunted ruin;

Spirits walk the crumbling floor;
Light their step, but oh! their voices
Haunt the building evermore.

THE KINGDOM OF THE DEAD.

Peaceful be for we have reached it
Lighter, lighter ever tread,
’Tis a sacred spot and hallowed:
’Tis the kingdom of the dead.

Silent kingdom, sad and lonely,

Though so many in it dwell.
Who can number all its people?
Who, ah! who can ever tell?

Still and peaceful is their resting

In their last and humble bed.
Tread ye lightly, ’tis the kingdom
Of the sacred holy dead.

THE WIND.
Hear ye not the howling wind,
Sad and wild?
In its wake come dismal fancies
Never mild.

Like the moaning of the lost

Comes the wind:
Moaning, sighing—viewless phantoms
Come behind.

In the darkness come the spirits

Of the night,
Howling, with their dismal groaning
In their flight.

Absent friends come in our fancies

Evermore,
As the demons flee from Hades
Rush and roar.

Hear ye not the moaning wind

Moan and quiver
Like the moaning of the lost—
Lost forever?

THE SONG OF THE WIND.

I.
Over hill and over valley—
Over meadows rich and green,
Playing with the summer grasses—
Fairer sights were never seen.

Not a mortal ever saw me,

Though I see THEM ev’ry day;
Passing like a viewless spirit
On my happy singing way.

Often do I rise up skyward,

Chasing fast the cloudlets there,
And I drive them headlong onward
Till they all in fragments tear.

Often on the field of battle,

’Mid the storm that works them woe,
Do I cheer ’mid cannon’s rattle,
Kissing both the friend and foe.

And the wounded, as he listens

To me as I whistle on,
Thinks of home and friends and parents
And of days that now have gone.

I often whistle through the woods

And toss the hunter’s hair.
He sits him down upon a log,
While I caress him there.

His brow with sweat is covered o’er—

He feels my cooling sway,
I toss about his silver locks;
That deck his head of gray.

But on I go until I find

Th f i hi fi ld
 The farmer in his field;
I whistle o’er his garnered store
The willing land doth yield.

He hails me as his merry friend,

And thus I am to him;
I never pass without I cheer
His features calm and grim.

I cheer the poet as he sings

Beside some flowing stream,
And looks upon the dim, dim past,
A vision or a dream.

II.

He hails me, as I sail along,

In accents clear and free.
I answer in an unknown tongue
And pass on cheerily.

He knows me well, and loves me too—

He watches till I find
His resting place where he may leave
All earthly cares behind.

I visit oft where lovers sit,

I hear their vows of love;
The bright green grass is all below—
The sky of blue above.

And there they sit and talk of love—

As only lovers know;—
They think the world a paradise
And all things bright below.

III.
I visit oft the city’s haunts,—
I raise the dust on high,
And whirl it like a water-wheel,
As ever on I fly.

I play with wigs and hats and cloaks,

And whistle by the house—
Then to a gentle zephyr turn,—
As quiet as a mouse.

Then breaking in an angry fit,

I whistle by the bell
That hangs within the steeple tall—
And sound a faint, low knell.

By ruins old I make my way—

I tear the ivy vines,
And fill with dust and sand and dirt
The ancient sculptured lines.

IV.
I ramble on the deep, dark sea,
And toss those waves of blue;
I scare the boasting mariner
And tear the sails in two.

The clouds that hang far overhead

Are dropping to the sea,
The waves as mountains now become—
I roar out in my glee.

The captain stands with face aghast—

With terror in his eyes—
The fork-ed lightning strikes its wings
That waft it from the skies.

The thunder stops, the clouds pass by,

The waves are resting now;
The gallant ship before my breath
With magic speed doth plow.

V.