INTRODUCTION

SAFETY AND HEALTH MEASURES OF EMPLOYEE

Human resources professionals play an important role in ensuring employee

health and safety, as they know the workplace, the employees and their job
demands. While human resources professionals are not expected to know the
technical aspects of workplace health and safety, they should know when and
how to use existing resources to respond to employee concerns. In many
organizations, health and safety responsibilities are within the human resources
department. In order to meet these responsibilities, human resources
professionals must.

Employee safety refers to providing a safe working environment for employees

by incorporating safe equipment and safe procedures at the workplace to ensure
worker safety.

Employee safety is important to maintain a good safe work environment to

improve morale and efficiency, which in turn contribute to the growth and
profitability of the company. Lack of safety procedures for employees could
have legal and financial repercussions.

Safety training, periodic safety inspections and the provision of proper personal
protective equipment (PPEs) are part of the employee safety mandate an
organization must follow.

Human resources professionals play an important role in ensuring employee

health and safety, as they know the workplace, the employees and their job
demands. While human resources professionals are not expected to know the
technical aspects of workplace health and safety, they should know when and

The safety director must investigate and report on every accident. He should
periodically summarize all the injuries which have been sustained by the

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Employees during a particular period and classify them plant wise, department
wise and shift wise.

The job of a safety manager is to educate and train the line managers in the
safety measures that should be adopted how to use existing resources to respond
to employee concerns. In many organizations, health and safety responsibilities
are within the human resources department. In order to meet these
responsibilities, human resources professionals must.

“Every employee should have the right to show up to work, to do their job
successfully, to do it in a safe environment, and to come home to their
family after the workday,”

-Joey Price

To prevent accidents and to tell these managers that the safety of employees is
in their hands.

In some organizations, a safety committee carries out safety work. Its function
is to ensure safe working conditions in an organization. The size of the
committee depends on the size of the organization and generally includes two or
more persons from amongst the employees. The idea is that the workers should
themselves be involved in the safety programmers designed for them.

The safety director must investigate and report on every accident. He should
periodically summaries all the injuries which have been sustained by the
employees during a particular period and classify them plant wise, department
wise and shift wise.

The job of a safety manager is to educate and train the line managers in the
safety measures that should be adopted to prevent accidents and to tell these
managers that the safety of employees is in their hands.

2
Plan some organizations safety work is carried out by a safety committee. Its
function is to ensure safe working conditions in an organization. The size of the
committee depends on the size of the organization and generally includes two or
more persons from amongst the employees. The idea is that the workers should
themselves be involved in the safety programs.

An organization's safety policy is a recognized, written statement of its

commitment to protect the health and safety of the employees, as well as the
surrounding community.

The safety policy also details the measures the company takes and will take to
protect the life, limb, and health of their employees. The Occupational Health
and Safety Act requires employers to develop and implement a safety policy. To
succeed, a safety policy requires both a commitment and endorsement from the
employer and buy-in from the employees.

Health and safety programs are aimed at ensuring workers are protected, risks
are minimized, and a healthy and safe workplace is maintained. All employers
must establish some form of health and safety program at the workplace. The
type of program you need depends on the number of workers you have and the
risks associated with their work.

This guide is best used as a starting place to help you find information for your
research and assignments. We'll connect you with a variety of information
sources, including books, scholarly/research articles, news, articles, data and
more that explore the many and varied aspects of workplace health and safety.

Statement of the policy -The employer’s commitment to managing health and

safety and the goal of the policy.

Responsibility -Stating who is responsible for implementing, enacting, and

tracking each element of the policy.

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Arrangements or procedures - Outlines the details of procedures including the
reduction of hazard policy.

IMPORTANT OF EMPLOYEES’ HEALTH

Employee health encompasses the physical and mental status of your

employees. It can cover illness and wellness in the same breath. When we talk
about health, physical health comes into mind first, but mental health is just as
important. And bad physical health can lead to bad mental health and vice versa.

The basic objective of industrial health is the prevention of disease and injury
rather than the cure of disease. It involves a programmer of health conservation
and prevention of occupational disease.

of the essential value systems adopted by the undertaking concerned.

• Such a culture is reflected in practice in the managerial systems,

personnel policy, principles for participation, training policies and
quality management of the undertaking.
• The maintenance and promotion of workers’ health and working capacity;
• The improvement of working environment and work to become favorable
to safety and health.
• health development of work organizations and working cultures in a
direction which supports health and safety at work and in doing so also
promotes a positive social climate and smooth operation and may
enhance productivity of the undertakings;
• The concept of working culture is intended in this context to mean a
reflection.

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IMPORTANT OF SAFETY MEASURES

A safe and healthy workplace protects workers from injury and illness. It can also
lower injury/illness costs, reduce absenteeism and turnover, increase
productivity and quality, and raise employee morale. In other words, safety is good
for business.

By protecting your workers, you reduce absences, ensuring that your workplace is
more efficient and productive. Research shows that workers are more productive
in workplaces committed to health and safety. Reducing downtime caused by
illness and accidents means less disruption– and saves your business money.

Safety of workers (also known as occupational health and safety) refers to the
provision of a safe working environment, equipment, policies, and procedures to
ensure workers' health and safety. Off late, workplace safety has become one of
the main concerns for many employers. Every team and organization is different,
but some general steps can be taken in any industry to benefit all employees.

The critical first step is to implement a framework that supports and promotes
safety in the workplace.

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OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

1) To study the awareness of the workers about the health and safety measures
in the super auto forge.

2) To find the occurrence of accidents happened at the work place.

3) To identify the role of management in implementing health and

safety measures.

4) To find out the satisfaction level of the respondent towards health and
safety measures.

5) To give suggestion to improve employee health and safety in the

organization.

SCOPE OF THE STUDY

● Policy Analysis: Examining existing health and safety policies and procedures
within the organization to assess their comprehensiveness, alignment with
regulatory requirements, and effectiveness in promoting employee well-being.

● Training and Education: Investigating the effectiveness of training programs

and educational initiatives aimed at raising awareness about health and safety
issues, improving employee knowledge and skills, and fostering a culture.

● The study also helps the concern for the further enhancement for their
manufacturing with employees safety and health.
NEED OF THE STUDY

● Conducting regular risk assessments to identify potential hazards in the

workplace. .

● Providing adequate training to employees on safety procedures and protocols.

● Ensuring proper maintenance of equipment and machinery to prevent accidents.

6
 ● Implementing safety protocols for handling hazardous materials.

● Encouraging open communication between management and employees

regarding safety concerns.

● Incident Investigation: Establishing protocols for investigating and reporting

workplace incidents, injuries, or near misses to prevent future occurrences.

LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

● Sample Size and Representativeness: Limited sample sizes or samples that are
not representative of the workforce can affect the generalizability of study
findings to the broader population of employees.

● Data Quality and Availability: Reliance on self-reported data or incomplete data

can introduce bias and inaccuracies into the study results. Additionally, limited
access to relevant data sources may hinder comprehensive analysis.

● Confounding Variables: Uncontrolled variables or factors outside the scope of

the study may influence the relationship between health and safety measures and
their outcomes, making it challenging to establish causality.

● Ethical Considerations: Ethical constraints, such as privacy concerns or

limitations on data collection methods, may restrict the extent to which researchers
can study certain aspects of employee health and safety.

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 INDUSTRY PROFILE

INTRODUCTION

The solid waste management industry encompasses a broad range of activities

aimed at managing and controlling the disposal and treatment of solid waste
generated by various sources. This industry is essential for maintaining public
health, environmental protection, and sustainable development. Here is a
comprehensive profile of the solid waste management industry.
SCOPE AND TYPE OF WASTE

The industry manages various types of solid waste, including municipal solid
waste (MSW) from households, commercial establishments, and institutions, as
well as industrial waste, construction and demolition (C&D) debris, hazardous
waste, and electronic waste (e- waste).

KEY ACTIVITIES
COLLECTION:

Involves the gathering of waste from various sources using collection trucks,
dumpsters, or other containers. Collection methods can vary widely based on
the type of waste and local infrastructure.
TRANSPORTATION:

After collection, waste is transported to treatment facilities, recycling centers, or

disposal sites. This may involve short-distance transportation within a
municipality or longer- distance hauling to regional facilities.
TREATMENT AND PROCESSING:

Waste undergoes various treatment processes depending on its composition and

characteristics. Treatment methods may include recycling, composting,
anaerobic digestion, incineration, or mechanical and biological treatment

8
(MBT) to recover resources or reduce its volume and environmental impact.
DISPOSAL:

Residual waste that cannot be recycled or treated is disposed of in landfills or

through alternative methods such as waste-to-energy (WtE) facilities. Proper
landfill management is essential to prevent environmental contamination and
ensure long-term sustainability.
REGULATORY FRAMEWORK:

Solid waste management is subject to regulations at the local, state/provincial,

and national levels. Regulations govern waste collection, transportation,
treatment, and disposal practices to protect public health and the environment.

Regulatory requirements often include permits for waste facilities, waste

handling standards, recycling targets, landfill operation guidelines, and
hazardous waste management regulations.
TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS:

Advances in waste sorting and recycling technologies, such as automated

sorting systems, robotics, and sensor-based sorting, improve efficiency and
recovery rates in recycling facilities.

Waste-to-energy technologies, including incineration, gasification, and

pyrolysis, enable the conversion of waste into energy and heat, reducing
reliance on fossil fuels and mitigating greenhouse gas emissions.
Digital solutions, such as geographic information systems (GIS), Internet of
Things (IoT) sensors, and data analytics, optimize waste collection routes,
monitor waste levels, and improve operational efficiency.

MARKET TRENDS:

Increasing focus on sustainability and circular economy principles drives

demand for waste reduction, recycling, and resource recovery initiatives.
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Public-private partnerships (PPPs), outsourcing, and privatization of waste
management services are common strategies for improving service quality and
cost-effectiveness.

Rising awareness of environmental issues and stringent regulatory requirements

create opportunities for investment in waste management infrastructure, technology, and
services.

CHALLENGES:

Inadequate infrastructure and funding for waste management in many regions,

particularly in developing countries.
Limited public awareness and participation in waste reduction and recycling programs.
Contamination of recyclable materials and challenges in managing
hazardous and electronic waste streams.
Environmental and health impacts of improper waste disposal, including
pollution, landfill leachate, and air emissions from incineration.

FUTURE OUTLOOK:

The solid waste management industry is expected to grow globally due to

urbanization, population growth, and increased waste generation. There will be
a continued shift towards sustainable waste management practices, including
waste reduction, recycling, and resource recovery. Technological innovation,
policy reforms, and collaborative approaches will be essential for addressing
challenges and achieving long-term sustainability goals in waste management.

In summary, the solid waste management industry plays a critical role in

managing the growing volume of solid waste generated worldwide while
minimizing environmental impacts and promoting resource conservation.
Effective waste management requires a combination of regulatory frameworks,
technological innovation, public awareness, and stakeholder collaboration to

10
address the complex challenges facing the industry

COMPANY PROFILE

INTRODUCTION:
Urbaser is a Global Environmental Management Company from Spain, they are
in 41 cities and 29 countries working on different environmental based projects
which includes Solid Waste Management, Water treatment and Urban services.
Sumeet is a Pune based facility management company, who support hospitality
industry with blue collar jobs. Urbaser Sumeet has been awarded collection &
transportation of Solid Waste Management contract for 8-year period by Greater
Chennai Corporation. We are assigned 7 zones and 92 wards respectively.We

have commenced our operations from 1 st October 2020. Transitions have

happened stage wise in every zones as per allotted commencing dates.

MISSION:
Our mission is to contribute to the sustainable development of cities and
territories with efficient services and innovative technology.

VISION:
Our vision is to be a benchmark for society and global leader in circular
economy solutions, environmental management and providing responses to new
research challenges in these fields.

GOAL:
Our goal is to transform Chennai to be the most environment friendly city in India.
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ZONES COVERED

ZONE 09 – Teynampet

ZONE 10 – Kodambakkam

ZONE 11 – Valasaravakkam

ZONE 12 Alandur

ZONE 13 – Adyar

ZONE14 - Perungudi

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SCOPE OF SERVICES:

 Primary Collection - Door to Door collection of segregated garbage from

households/ commercial shops by our Battery-Operated Vehicle – BOV.
 Secondary Collection - Compactors will clear the 1100 litre bins during night.

 Mechanical/ Manual Sweeping - Mechanical sweeping is done in the main roads;

Manual sweeping is done across the streets by our manual sweepers.
 Horticulture/ Garden Waste - They are collected using our Roll on Roll off vehicle.

 Carcass Vehicle - Dead pet animals, which is on road, are handled separately.

 Hotspot Areas - Where there is high footfall or high frequency of public movement
irrespective of the season, those areas are called Hotspot area, which leads to high
frequency of garbage which is cleared frequently by deploying additional
manpower.
 Priority Service - During any unlikely incident or accident, the debris or the
remaining of such incidents are being cleared with necessary precautions.

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ACTIVITIES BY IEC DEPARTMENT

To implement a sustainable system of waste management, it is required to

inform the public about the issues of waste management, the role of organic
waste storage platforms, the need of consistent deposits and adverse effects of a
nonconforming waste storage.

For proper management of waste, it is necessary to consider public education;

its behavior towards the problem and how to prevent and minimize waste at
source.

IEC activities are carried out based on framework as per MIOP

 Understand
 Define
 Ideate
 Prototype & Test
 Launch.

Our motive is to create awareness among public about segregation & disposal of
waste. It is performed through various activities as per our targeted groups
mentioned

ACTIVITIES:
 Door to Door awareness campaign
 Art form activities (Parai Dance, Oyilattam, Puppet Show, Street play)
 Workshops for Targeted audience.
 Trash walk/ Clean up Drives.
 Prototype projects for creating more awareness.
 Conference with speakers across the nation on SDGs.
 Collaborating with NGOs and Community based organizers in creating awareness
14
 about segregation.
 Different activities to approach the targeted audience (Homemaker/ Domestic
Help/ Kids/ Youth) in educating about segregation and disposal of garbage.

15
PRIMARY COLLECTION

PRIMARY COLLECTION – DEPLOYMENT & SHIFT TIMINGS

10,776 Tons Of Carbon emission reduction per year BACKUP –

290

TOTALLY 2,919 BOV

16
MANUAL STREET SWEEPING

SECONDARY COLLECTION

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18
PRIORITY SERVICES

OUR COMMITMENT GUARANTEED RESPONSE OF CLEARANCE

 Removal Of Spillage Of Oil, Glass Or Other Things From Roads After An Accident.
 Removal Of Sand or Gravel from the Streets Emerging after fire or accident.
 Attention to specific requests by the IE/GCC regarding priority circumstances
 General Cleaning services following major events, mass meetings or protests
 During events as a preventive measure deploying manpower and during the event.

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ACCOUNTABILITY MIS

20
COMPLAINT AND REDRESSAL & COMMAND CONTROL CENTRE

Vehicle Tracking – GPS & RFID Monitoring

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TRAINING & POSH AWARENESS

EMPLOYEE BENEFITS

22
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

A research methodology is the primary principle that will guide your research.
It becomes the general approach in conducting research on your topic and
determines what research method you will use.

Research design

● Explorative

● Descriptive

● Experimental

In this research, I have used descriptive research in nature, to find out the inter
relationship between the variables.

Descriptive research

In this research it deals with descriptive research type. It includes surveys and
factfinding enquiries of different kinds. The major purpose of descriptive
research is description of the state of affairs as it exists at present.

Data collection

● Primary data

● Secondary data

Data collection type used here is primary data collections.

Primary data

Primary data are collected through a structured questionnaire. A well structured

questionnaire has been prepared given to the respondents by the researcher.

Secondary data

Secondary data are collected from the published data available within the
Company and also from the Internet and Intranet.

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Sample population : 300 employees working in the company.

Sample size : 150 samples chosen for the study

Sampling area : SUPER AUTO FORGE Sample

Design

A sample design is a definite plan determined before any data are actually
collected for obtaining a sample from a given population. Sampling is used to
collect data from limited numbers whereas census is used for large numbers.
There are two main categories of sampling:

1. Probability sampling

2. Non probability sampling.

Here in my study, I have used simple random sampling method which comes
under probability sampling.

Simple random sampling

Simple random sampling is a type of probability sampling in which the

researcher randomly selects a subset of participants from a population. Each
member of the population has an equal chance of being selected. Data is then
collected from as large a percentage as possible of this random subset.

Statistical tool

In this research, I have used tools other than percentage analysis is:

● Chi - square test

● F - test

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F – TEST

F test is a statistical test that is used in hypothesis testing to check whether the
variances of two populations or two samples are equal or not.

S 12
F S 22
=

CHI-SQUARE TEST

The Chi square test determines and compares the discrepancies in the
relationship between observed and expected frequencies of independent
mutually exclusive variables of categorical data in a population. It is
symbolically represented as X2. It's also known as Pearson's Chi-square test,
introduced in 1900 by mathematician Karl Pearson.

2
X C = ∑ ¿¿

REVIEW OF LITRETUR

Shouji Nagashima; Yasushi Suwazono; Yasushi Okubo; Mirei Uetani (2007),

The aim was to clari & the influence of working hours on both mental and
physical symptoms of fatigue and use the data obtained to determine
permissible working hours, The survey of day-shift male workers, using the
Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) and Cumulative Fatigue Symptoms Index
(CFSI). A total of 715 workers participated. In the group working 260—279
h/month, the odds ratios for SDS and 'irritability' and 'chronic tiredness' of the
CFSI were increased.
In the group working •280 h/month, the odds ratios on CFSI for 'general
fatigue', 'physical disorders', 'anxiety' and 'Chronic tiredness' were likewise
25
increased. The research clarified that working hours should be <260 If/ month
in order to minimize fatigue symptoms in male day workers.

L Ala-Mursula; J Vahtera; A Kouvonen; A Vaananen; A Linna (2006), The

associations of working hours (paid, domestic, commuting, and total) with
sickness, absence, and to examine whether these associations vary according to
the level of employee control over daily working hours. The study among
25,703 full-time public sector workers in 10 towns in Finland. Long domestic
and total working hours were associated with higher rates of medically certified
sickness absences between both genders.

Low control over daily working hours predicted medically certified sickness
absences for both the women and men. In combinations, high control over
working hours reduced the adverse associations of long domestic and total
working hours with medically certified absences. Employee control over daily
working hours may protect health and help workers successfully combine a
fulltime job with the demands of domestic work.
A Baker; K Heiler; S A Ferguson (2002), The occupational health and safety
implications associated with compressed and extended work periods have not
been fully explored in the mining sector. Absenteeism and incident f requency
rate data were collected over a 33-month period that covered three different
roster schedules. The only significant change in absenteeism rates was an
increase in the maintenance sector in the third data collection period. The
current study did not find significant negative effects of a 12-hour pattern, when
compared to an 8-hour system. However, when unregulated and excessive
overtime was introduced as part of the 12-hour/5-day roster, absenteeism rates
were increased in the maintenance sector.

N. Haworth; C. Tingvall & N. Kowadlo (2000), In response to an increasing

awareness of the role of work-related driving in crashes and the related costs,
many private and government organisations have developed programs to
improve fleet safety. The purpose of this project is to investigate the potential to
26
introduce road safety based initiatives in the corporate environment. From the
review, that the fleet safety initiatives which have potential to be effective are,
Selecting safer vehicles, Some particular driver training and education
programs, Incentives, Company safety programs. It is assumed that the degree
of influence is likely to decrease as the type of vehicle moves from the fleet
towards the private end of the continuum.

Graves carol gevecker; Matanoski genevieve m; Tardiff robert g (2000),

Carbonless copy paper (CCP), introduced in 1954. Its safety to workers who
handle large amounts of CCP has been addressed in numerous studies and
reports. This review encompasses the world's literature on CCP and provides a
weightof-evidence analysis of the safety of CCP to workers in the United States.
Since 1987, has produced neither primary skin irritation nor skin sensitization
under normal conditions of manufacture and use. Finally, very few published
complaints have come from the manufacturing sector where the closest and
most voluminous contact occurs. Based on the weight of the evidence, NIOSH
is anticipated to conclude that CCP is not a hazard to workers and has only a
small possibility of producing mild and transient skin irritation.

Karen J.M. Niven (2000), A literature review was described which aimed to
evaluate economic evaluations of health and safety interventions in healthcare.
Problems were identified with valuing benefits in health and safety because they
frequently take many years to emerge and are difficult to measure.
Understanding of economic techniques within the health and safety professions
was limited, resulting in wide-ranging assumption being made as to the positive
economic impact of health and safety interventions. Healthcare managers,
health economics, and health and safety professionals have not traditionally
worked together and have inherent misunderstanding of each other roles.

Emmanuel I. Akpan (2011), Performance goal is often upheld by most

organisations. To accomplish this goal remains the sole responsibility of works,
and as being directed by management. The management in certain organisation
27
 tends to direct more attention and resources toward maintenance of machines,
equipment, and materials to the detriment of human resource, who are
responsible for the manipulation of other resources, for the organisation to
achieve its set goals. One of the areas often neglected by management,
especially in the third world countries is the provision of sate work environment
for workers. In Nigeria, as is the case in almost all other African countries, there
is no organized regulatory agency charged with the responsibility of conducting
regular monitoring and checks in organizations to ascertain compliance with
occupational and safety rules and procedures.

Over the years, this has been the reason behind wanton degree of workplace
accidents and occupational diseases in organizations. Effective health and safety
management have been discovered to have positive correlation with increased
organizational performance and profitability, as the costs associated with the
absence of it could be highly minimized.

Theoretical Background of the Study:

Safety and Health Measures of Employees in Urbaser Summet Limited

Company

Employee safety and health are essential pillars of organizational

sustainability, particularly in sectors involving physical labor and environmental
risks. Urbaser Summet Limited Company, which operates in areas such as
waste management, environmental services, and urban sanitation, places its
workforce in potentially hazardous situations daily. Theoretical frameworks
from organizational behavior, health psychology, and safety management
provide the foundation for understanding and improving health and safety
measures in such settings.

1. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

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Maslow’s theory identifies safety as a basic human requirement, just above
physiological needs. In Urbaser Summet’s work environment, where employees
face risks such as handling waste, chemical exposure, and working with heavy
machinery, ensuring safety is crucial to employee well-being. Meeting this need
allows employees to focus on higher-level motivations, such as belonging and
achievement, leading to improved morale and performance.

2. Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory

According to Herzberg, safety and working conditions are hygiene factors. If

these are inadequate, they cause dissatisfaction; however, improving them
doesn’t necessarily increase satisfaction unless other motivational factors are
present. For Urbaser Summet, providing adequate personal protective equipment
(PPE), conducting regular safety training, and maintaining clean and hazard-free
work areas helps prevent dissatisfaction and improves employee retention.

3. Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) Theory

OHS theory provides a systematic approach to identifying, assessing, and

mitigating workplace risks. This is particularly relevant to Urbaser Summet,
where operations involve daily exposure to health hazards. OHS principles
emphasize the need for structured safety programs, compliance with national
labor and safety regulations, and continuous monitoring to prevent workplace
injuries and illnesses.

4. Behavioral-Based Safety (BBS) Theory

BBS theory focuses on the behaviors and attitudes of employees toward safety
practices. In Urbaser Summet, where tasks require manual handling, vehicle
operation, and waste processing, unsafe behaviors can lead to severe incidents.
Through observation, training, and positive reinforcement, management can
encourage a culture of safety and accountability among workers.

29
5. Systems Theory in Safety Management

This theory views workplace safety as the outcome of interactions between

people, processes, tools, and the work environment. For Urbaser Summet,
implementing safety as part of an integrated system—considering equipment
maintenance, clear communication, safety leadership, and feedback mechanisms
—ensures that all parts of the organization contribute to a safe and healthy work
environment.

30
Health and Safety Measures of Employees

Health is the state of well-being. It not only includes physical well-being, but
also mental and emotional well-being. It is the responsibility of every employer
to provide healthy work environment to his employees. If he is careful about
their health, cost of disability payments, replacement of employees who are
injured or killed could be avoided. Through employee safety and health
programs the company can enhance the emotional and physical well-being of
the employees.

Statutory provision for Employees safety in India

A Tripartite Technical Conference organized by the I.L.O. in 1948 formulated a

“Model Code” of Safety Regulations for Industrial Establishments for the
guidance of governments and industry.

Rule 82 of this Code specifically deals with guarding machinery; According to

the Code, the guards should be properly designed, constructed and used so that
they will,

(a) provide positive protection;

(b) prevent all access to the danger zone;

(c) cause the operator no discomfort or inconvenience;

(d) not interfere unnecessarily with production;

(e) operate automatically or with minimum effort;

(f) constitute preferably a built-in feature;

(g) be suitable for the job and the machine;

(h) provide for machine oiling, inspection, adjustment and repair;

31
(i) withstand long use with minimum maintenance;

(j) Resist normal wear and shock.

Important elements of health and safety measures.

A comprehensive industrial health and safety program:

1. A professional staff of physicians and nurses.

2. Adequate facilities for emergency care and injuries sustained in the course of
work and for the conduct of pre-employment and post-employment medical
check-ups.

3. Proper first aid treatment for occupational injuries and diseases.

4. A careful post-employment medical examination of those who are exposed to

particular occupational hazards.

5. Reasonable first-aid treatment of employees for non-occupational ailments.

6. Information and educational services, which aim at promoting the health of
employees.

7. The maintenance of adequate and confidential medical records.

8. Cooperation of the organization’s medical officer with those who are

responsible for accident prevention and control of environment with a view
to achieving an integrated employee health program.

9. Cooperation with public health authorities in implementing mass inoculation

program and other measures for the prevention of communicable diseases.

10. Advice on and supervision of, with provision and maintenance of

satisfactory sanitary conditions in the factory premises.
32
The facts due consideration in safety organization program:

1. Safety programs must have top management approval, sanction and support.

2. Responsibility for safety must rest with the supervisory personnel.

3. Safety must be given equally important consideration in the elimination of

mechanical and personal hazards

4. Provision must be made for prompt action in the elimination of mechanical

and personal hazards

5. A definite safety program must be developed so as to educate all employees

in safety and to secure their active cooperation in the effort to eliminate
accidents.
6. Safety must be included in all phases of planning, purchasing, supervision
and operation.

Safety management refers to the act of protecting the physical well-being of the
employees. It also involves minimisation of the risks of accidents at the place of
work.

Accidents cause personal injury or loss of life, damage of property, loss

production, loss of man-hours, and heavy cost in replacement of faulty
machines and also loss to workers, employers and to the nation. This is very
serious problem to be solved. We can control or reduce the above mentioned
losses if we can prevent the accidents. Hence the need of safety is felt.

Management is responsible for the safety. The safety responsibility lies on the
shoulders of all levels of management. It will include plant manager, production
manager, engineer, personnel manager, maintenance manager, foremen, safety
officer and directors.
safety programmers should be based on an analysis of accidents or injuries and the

33
factors that cause them. On the basis of the analysis, necessary steps can be taken to
control an Components of Health and Safety Measures

The prevent them. Generally, it deals with the prevention of accidents and with
minimizing the resulting loss and damage to persons and properties of the
organization.

Safety Organization:

A safety committee should be set up by top management and appoint or

nominate some person as a chairman or secretary of the safety committees. As a
rule one full time safety director should be, appoint for each 2,000 employees.

As per S. Dale Beach, “the safety director serves in a staff, not in line, capacity.
He serves as an innovator, organizer, creator, adviser, teacher, analysts,
stimulator and producer. He must organize the safety programmer throughout
plant, collect accident data, investigate accidents, conduct safety training and
information meetings, analyses jobs to develop safe working procedures, and
prepare instructional material for safety foremen when they conduct meeting
with their men.”

Health and Safety in the Workplace

Making sure, you understand the importance of health and safety in the
workplace is essential for employees and companies. As a supervisor or team
leader, for example, ensuring optimum safety conditions in the workplace can
help you create a better, safer space for employees and clients to interact. As an
employee, you can impress your manager with your safety knowledge while
genuinely demonstrating care for yourself and others in the work environment.
There are often local and national occupational safety guidelines to help
employers and employees maintain a healthy and safe work environment.
Maintaining compliance with these guidelines can facilitate and improve overall
employee comfort and productivity. This may directly translate into company
34
growth, as the demonstration of a safe, efficient work environment can be vital
from the client's perspective.

Who is responsible for keeping the workplace safe?

The manager or HR supervisor typically ensures that the company meets

occupational health and safety standards and that employees adhere to these
standards. As an employee, you can make recommendations or suggestions to
your manager or team leader on how to improve health and safety in the
workplace. You can also report health hazards or issues in the office to the HR
department. Another way you can help is by staying aware of your surroundings
and being careful not to cause a hazard or accident while working.

Benefits of health and safety protocols at work

Here are a few examples of how adhering to health and safety standards can
benefit both the employees and the company:

Increased productivity

A workplace that adheres to all health and safety standards is more likely to have
more productive employees. Productivity often translates into completing more
work in less time, lower overhead costs, and eventually, greater company growth.
As an employee in such an environment, you can focus on your work and be
confident that your employers consider health and safety a priority.

Increased awareness of your work environment

Applying what you know about your workplace's safety protocols can help you
spot areas or parts of your environment that might need a change for the better,
such as a dark area that needs more lighting, or a slippery floor that could use a
caution sign. A safe work environment can significantly reduce the probability of
accidents and injuries amongst employees, allowing you to work without
worrying about the risk of yourself or your colleagues receiving an injury or
getting in an accident.
35
Better reputation

A safe and healthy workplace can make an excellent impression on current and
potential clients, which benefits the business. This impression can also attract
potential investors, who often consider employee conditions and the work
environment when thinking about investing. More clients or investors typically
mean more growth and more income for the company, and this growth might
result in salary increases, bonuses, and more career growth opportunities for
employees.

Tips for always maintaining health and safety in the workplace

Whether for yourself, your subordinates, or your colleagues, it's always

beneficial to look out for additional ways to make your work environment safe.
Here are some tips to guide you on how to achieve and maintain optimum health
and safety conditions in the workplace:

Wear all recommended safety equipment

It's important to always wear the required safety equipment when in the
workplace environment, as these requirements are there to keep you from harm.
The type of equipment may vary depending on the kind of job you do and the
nature of the workplace. For example, it might be reflective gear or safety boots
for physical labour, or something as simple as a face mask if you work at a desk.

Report any health hazards or unsafe conditions

The company typically takes responsibility for managing all health and safety
needs and infrastructure. If you notice a defect in these health and safety
infrastructures, a health hazard or any related unsafe condition that needs
immediate attention, you can bring them to the notice of your supervisor or HR
department. Doing this is especially important when you notice an issue that
you can't immediately fix yourself.
36
Use all company equipment and machinery properly

A primary cause of accidents and injuries in the workplace is when employees

incorrectly use the equipment, tools, and machinery. Proper use of these items
can keep everyone safe by preventing injuries and reducing the risk of
accidents. It's the company's responsibility to keep all equipment and machinery
clean and in optimum condition and train employees to use them properly, but
you can also help reduce health and safety risks by ensuring that you follow
instructions when using those tools and equipment.

Regular health checks

Staying healthy and keeping your body in good condition can be essential
because health and productivity often go together. When your body isn't
functioning optimally, it may lower your productivity. Some companies may
have responsibility for regularly checking the health of their employees, such as
through blood and drug tests or ensuring that employees are mentally and
physically fit to work. In addition, companies may have provisions for health
insurance for their employees, whether they work in an office or their work
involves physical labour.

Take your lunch and water breaks

As an employee, it's essential to have breaks for food and separate breaks for
coffee, water, or just to stretch. Hydration is critical to remain alert and prevent
light-headedness and a lack of focus. You can also consider taking some time
between work tasks to look away from your computer screen, as this can help
avoid eye strain.
Remain alert for new safety procedures

Companies are typically responsible for implementing new safety procedures,

standards, and equipment in the workplace. They ensure their employees are
aware of these procedures, train them on applying techniques correctly,
37
regularly check that they abide by these standards, and sanction erring
employees. As an employee, try to ensure you understand how to use all
recommended equipment, ask relevant questions, and adhere to safety
guidelines to help maintain a safe and functional work environment.

Use mechanical aids

If you have an industrial labour job, your company likely has mechanical aids
like a wheelbarrow, forklift, or conveyor belt to assist in lifting and moving
heavy equipment in the workplace. It's advisable to use these aids instead of
trying to lift heavy items by yourself. Using these aids rather than manually
performing the work can help reduce the risk of injuries, making sure no one
gets hurt.

IMPORTANCE OF HEALTH AND SAFETY MEASURES

1. It is morally right to ensure your workers return home safe and healthy at
the end of every working day.
2. By protecting your workers, you reduce absences, ensuring that your
workplace is more efficient and productive.
3. Research shows that workers are more productive in workplaces that are
committed to health and safety.
4. Reducing down-time caused by illness and accidents means less
disruption – and saves your business money.

5. In some countries, health and safety legislation is criminal law and you
are legally obliged to comply with it. Legal breaches can result in
prosecution, fines and even imprisonment of senior executives.
6. To attract investors and partnerships you may need to demonstrate your
commitment to sustainability and corporate social responsibility, which
will include how you protect your workers.
7. Increasingly, customers want to buy products and services that are
produced ethically – so you also need to think about the work practices

38
 throughout your supply chain and deal only with ethical suppliers that
protect their workforce.
8. More and more, job hunters – particularly Millennials and Generation Z –
seek roles with employers who share their values, so without strong
corporate responsibility and sustainability practices you may struggle to
attract or retain the best employees.
9. A good health and safety record is a source of competitive advantage: it
builds trust in your reputation and brand, while poor health and safety
performance will directly affect profitability and can result in loss of
trade or even closure of the business.
10.Good health and safety at work secures long-term benefits for you, your
business and the wider community.

Health and Safety in the Workplace

Workplace health and safety is all about sensibly managing risks to protect your
workers and your business. Good health and safety management is characterised
by strong leadership involving your managers, workers, suppliers, contractors
and customers. In a global context, health and safety is also an essential part of
the movement towards sustainable development

39
 DEMOGRAPHIC TABLE

S.NO PARTICULARS NO. OF PERCENTAGE

RESPONDANTS

MALE 69 46
1 GENDER
FEMALE 81 54

18-30 139 92

2 AGE ABOVE 30 11 8

SSLC 12 8
3 EDUCATIONAL HSC 14 9
QUALIFICATION GRADUATE 106 70
DIPLOMA 18 12

MARRIED 48 32
4 MARRITAL
STATUS UNMARRIED 102 68

1-2 years 75 50
5 WORK 2-5 years 50 33
EXPERIENCE More than 5 25 16
years

40
 TABLE 4.1

H & S COMMUNICATION AND ALARMING

RESPONDENTS
S.NO ATTRIBUTES RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

1 STRONGLY AGREE 10 7
2 AGREE 20 13

3 NEUTRAL 30 20

4 DISAGREE 40 27

5 STRONGLY DISAGREE 50 33

TOTAL 150 100

SOURCE: Primary data

INTREPRETATION
As per the table, maximum number of respondents are agree that organization
establish a good communication and alarming system because the it is effective in
alerting the employees. Some of the respondents are strongly disagree because the
communication and alarming systems are not in a good conditions the organization
should improve a proper alarming system, though the alarming system is effective ,
the time delays can happen in certain situation. Hence having the supervisors nearby
the work place will help them communicate easily.

41
CHART 4.1

H & S COMMUNICATION AND ALARMING

35
33

30

27

25

20
20

15
13

10

0
STRONGLY AGREE NEUTRAL DISAGREE STRONGLY
AGREE DISAGREE

42
TABLE 4.2

HEALTH AND SAFETY ASSESSMENT

RESPONDENTS
S.NO ATTRIBUTES RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

1 STRONGLY AGREE 50 33

2 AGREE 40 27

3 NEUTRAL 30 20

4 DISAGREE 20 13

5 STRONGLY DISAGREE 10 7

TOTAL 150 100

SOURCE: Primary data

INTREPRETATION
Most of the respondents are accepted that the health and safety assessment are
important for health security and work environment. Some respondents are not
satisfied because they expects that the health and safety assessment should be
more effective in health security and work environment. The employees expect
medical checkups every three months once, which will guarantee them against
any work related diseases and also as they can catch up contigeus diseases more
than any other work.

43
CHART 4.2

HEALTH AND SAFETY ASSESSMENT

35
33

30

27

25

20
20

15
13

10

0
STRONGLY AGREE NEUTRAL DISAGREE STRONGLY
AGREE DISAGREE

44
 TABLE4.3

H & S REDUCE WORKPLACE ACCIDENTS

RESPONDENTS
S.NO ATTRIBUTES RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

STRONGLY AGREE
1 15 10
2 AGREE 27 18

3 NEUTRAL 25 17

4 DISAGREE 65 43

5 STRONGLY DISAGREE 18 12

TOTAL 150 100

SOURCE: Primary data

INTREPRETATION

Majority of the respondents are agreed that the health and safety analysis reduce
workplace accidents some of the respondents are not accepted because they says
that the health and safety measurements are not highly effective in
reducing the workplace accidents. Identify the key concerns leading to high
disagreement and address them through improvements, better communication,
or policy changes. Engage with neutral respondents to understand their stance
and potentially shift their views positively. Conduct further feedback sessions to
pinpoint specific areas for enhancement.

45
CHART 4.3

H & S REDUCE WORKPLACE ACCIDENTS

50

45
43

40

35

30

25

20
18
17

15
12
10
10

0
STRONGLY AGREE NEUTRAL DISAGREE STRONGLY
AGREE DISAGREE

46
TABLE 4.4

VALIDITY AND RELAIBILITY OF H & S TOOLS

RESPONDENTS
S.NO ATTRIBUTES RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

STRONGLY AGREE 50 33
1
2 AGREE 10 7

3 NEUTRAL 40 27

4 DISAGREE 20 13

5 STRONGLY DISAGREE 30 20

TOTAL 150 100

SOURCE: Primary data

INTREPRETATION

As per the table, majority of the respondents are agree that the validity and
reliability of health and safety tools are measured by the organization because
the organization has proper tools. Some of the respondents are strongly disagree
because the organization has no proper validity and reliability for their health
and safety tools. The organization should improve their health and safety tools.

47
CHART 4.4

ALIDITY AND RELAIBILITY OF H & S TOOLS

35
33

30

27

25

20
20

15
13

10

0
STRONGLY AGREE NEUTRAL DISAGREE STRONGLY
AGREE DISAGREE

48
 TABLE 4.5

PERIODICAL TEST OF H & S TOOLS

S.NO ATTRIBUTES RESPONDENTS RESPONDENTS

PERCENTAGE

1 STRONGLY AGREE 40 27
2 AGREE 30 20

3 NEUTRAL 40 27

4 DISAGREE 30 20

5 STRONGLY DISAGREE 10 7

TOTAL 150 100

SOURCE: Primary data

INTREPRETATION

In the above table, most of the respondents are agree that health and safety tools
test is taken periodically by the organization because they regularly test their
tools. Some of the respondents are disagree because that the health and safety
tools test are not taken regularly and properly they should improve their
inspection methods for their health and safety tools. Since a significant portion is
neutral, efforts should be made to engage and clarify aspects that might be
causing uncertainty. Strategies such as awareness programs, better
communication, or policy improvements can help shift neutral or disagreeing
respondents toward a more positive outlook.

49
CHART 4.5

PERIOICAL TEST OF H & S TOOLS

30

27 27

25

20 20
20

15

10

0
STRONGLY AGREE NEUTRAL DISAGREE STRONGLY
AGREE DISAGREE

50
TABLE 4.6

HEALTH AND SAFETY POLICIES

S.NO ATTRIBUTES RESPONDENTS RESPONDENTS

PERCENTAGE

1 STRONGLY AGREE 100 67

2 AGREE 10 7

3 NEUTRAL 10 7

4 DISAGREE 10 7

5 STRONGLY DISAGREE 20 13

TOTAL 150 100

SOURCE: Primary data

INTERPRETATION

Maximum no of respondents are agreed that the health and safety policy of the
organization or implemented effectively. Some of the respondents are not
accepted that the organization has known prepare health and safety policy. They
felt that the organization should improve the health and safety policy of the
organization. Enhance strengths, address concerns of the 13% who strongly
disagree, and engage neutral respondents for improvement

51
CHART 4.6

HEALTH AND SAFETY POLICIES

80

70
67

60

50

40

30

20

13

10
7 7 7

0
STRONGLY AGREE NEUTRAL DISAGREE STRONGLY
AGREE DISAGREE

52
TABLE 4.7

H & S POLICIES AND NEEDS

RESPONDENTS
S.NO ATTRIBUTES RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

STRONGLY AGREE 20 13
1
2 AGREE 50 33

3 NEUTRAL 40 27

4 DISAGREE 30 20

5 STRONGLY DISAGREE 10 7

TOTAL 150 100

SOURCE: Primary data

INTERPRETATION

Majority of the respondents are agreed that the organization. Health and safety
policy are continuously updated. Some of the respondents are not agreed that
the organizations health and safety policy are not updated they says the
organizations should currently upgrade the health and safety policy. Identify
concerns of neutral and disagreeing respondents, improve areas of
dissatisfaction, and reinforce positive aspects to increase strong agreement.

53
CHART 4.7

H & S POLICIES AND NEEDS

35
33

30

27

25

20
20

15
13

10

0
STRONGLY AGREE NEUTRAL DISAGREE STRONGLY
AGREE DISAGREE

54
TABLE 4.8

H & S ARE CONSISTENTLY UPDATED

RESPONDENTS
S.NO ATTRIBUTES RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

STRONGLY AGREE
1 12 8
2 AGREE 18 12

3 NEUTRAL 34 23

4 DISAGREE 71 47

5 STRONGLY DISAGREE 15 10

TOTAL 150 100

SOURCE: Primary data

INTERPRETATION
Most of the respondents are agreed that the health and safety measures are
consistently updated. Some of the respondents are not satisfied with the updates
of health and safety measures in the organization. To improve perceptions,
address key concerns through better communication, engagement, or quality
enhancements. Conduct further analysis to understand specific issues and
implement targeted solutions.

55
CHART 4.8

H & S ARE CONSISTENTLY UPDATED

50
47

45

40

35

30

25
23

20

15
12
10
10
8

0
STRONGLY AGREE NEUTRAL DISAGREE STRONGLY
AGREE DISAGREE

56
TABLE 4.9

HEALTH AND SAFETY PLANNING

RESPONDENTS
S.NO ATTRIBUTES RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

STRONGLY AGREE
1 14 9
2 AGREE 15 10

3 NEUTRAL 26 17

4 DISAGREE 70 47

5 STRONGLY DISAGREE 25 17

TOTAL 150 100

SOURCE: Primary data

INTREPRETATION
Majority of the respondents says that the safety planning before establishment
of factory reduce the cost and some of the respondents are not agreed because
they thought that planning before establishment of factory is not much effective.
A deeper analysis is needed to understand the reasons behind the high
disagreement. Addressing concerns through surveys, feedback sessions, or
improvements in the related area can help shift perceptions positively. Engaging
with neutral respondents may also help in better decision-making.

57
CHART 4.9

HEALTH AND SAFETY PLANNING

50

47

45

40

35

30

25

20

17 17

15

10
10 9

0
STRONGLY AGREE NEUTRAL DISAGREE STRONGLY
AGREE DISAGREE

58
TABLE 4.10

SAFETY INSPECTION

RESPONDENTS
S.NO ATTRIBUTES RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

STRONGLY AGREE
1 12 8
2 AGREE 15 10

3 NEUTRAL 30 20

4 DISAGREE 66 44

5 STRONGLY DISAGREE 27 18

TOTAL 150 100

SOURCE: Primary data

INTREPRETATION
Most of the respondents are agree that the safety inspection reduce industrial
hazards and some respondents are not accepted that the safety inspection reduce
industrial hazards because they felt that health and safety inspection are not
held regularly. Identify the key reasons behind the high disagreement through
further feedback or surveys. Addressing these concerns through targeted
improvements, better communication, or policy changes may help shift
perceptions. Engaging with neutral respondents can also provide insights for
potential improvements.

59
CHART 4.10

SAFETY INSPECTION

50

45 44

40

35

30

25

20
20
18

15

10
10
8

0
STRONGLY AGREE NEUTRAL DISAGREE STRONGLY
AGREE DISAGREE

60
 TABLE 4.11

IMPROVEMENT OF EMPLOYEES WELFARE AND MORAL

RESPONDENTS
S.NO ATTRIBUTES RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

STRONGLY AGREE
1 14 9

2 AGREE 18 12

3 NEUTRAL 28 19

4 DISAGREE 65 43

5 STRONGLY DISAGREE 25 17

TOTAL 150 100

SOURCE: Primary data

INTREPRETATION

Most of the respondents says the employee’s welfare and moral are improved through
the health and safety measures. Some of the respondents are not agreed because they
thought employees welfare and moral improved by health and safety tools are not
effective they expects it to be more effectively executed. Further investigation is
needed to understand the reasons behind the high disagreement. Addressing concerns
through discussions, improvements, or policy changes can help shift opinions.
Engaging with neutral respondents may provide insights into potential areas of
improvement.

CHART 4.11
61
 IMPROVEMENT OF EMPLOYEES WELFARE AND MORAL

50

45
43

40

35

30

25

20 19
17

15
12

10 9

0
STRONGLY AGREE NEUTRAL DISAGREE STRONGLY
AGREE DISAGREE

TABLE 4.12
62
 EFFECTIVE HEALTH & SAFETY FOR EMPLOYEES

RESPONDENTS
S.NO ATTRIBUTES RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

STRONGLY AGREE 30 20
1
2 AGREE 40 27

3 NEUTRAL 50 33

4 DISAGREE 30 20

5 STRONGLY DISAGREE 0 0

TOTAL 150 100

SOURCE: Primary data

INTREPRETATION

As per the table, most of the respondents are agree because the organization ensures a
effective health and safety measures for their employees. Some of the respondents are
strongly disagree that the organization has no effective health and safety measures for
their employees, the organization should improve their health and safety measures.
To improve further, focus on engaging neutral respondents through awareness
programs and training sessions on health and safety measures. Address the concerns
of the 20% who disagree by identifying specific areas for improvement. Regular
feedback mechanisms can help refine policies and ensure a safer work environment.

CHART 4.12
63
 EFFECTIVE HEALTH & SAFETY FOR EMPLOYEES

35
33

30

27

25

20 20
20

15

10

0
0
STRONGLY AGREE NEUTRAL DISAGREE STRONGLY
AGREE DISAGREE

TABLE 4.13
64
 RELATED TO JOB SATISFACTORY

RESPONDENTS
S.NO ATTRIBUTES RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

STRONGLY AGREE
1 15 10
2 AGREE 17 11

3 NEUTRAL 26 17

4 DISAGREE 64 43

5 STRONGLY DISAGREE 28 19

TOTAL 150 100

SOURCE: Primary data

INTREPRETATION

As per the table, majority of the respondents are agree because the health and safety
makes the employees feel safe and secured, it leads to a job satisfaction. Some of the
respondents are disagreed because they felt that the appreciations and promotions are
the job satisfaction, the health and safety are not under job satisfaction. The
organization should ensure their employees job satisfaction. To improve job
satisfaction, management should identify key concerns through surveys or
discussions. Addressing issues like workload, compensation, career growth, and
work-life balance can help. Engaging neutral respondents can also provide insights
into potential areas for improvement.

CHART 4.13
65
 RELATED TO JOB SATISFACTORY

50

45
43

40

35

30

25

20 19
17

15

11
10
10

0
STRONGLY AGREE NEUTRAL DISAGREE STRONGLY
AGREE DISAGREE

TABLE 4.14
66
 EMPLOYEES SATISFACTION

RESPONDENTS
S.NO ATTRIBUTES RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

STRONGLY AGREE
1 13 9
2 AGREE 15 10

3 NEUTRAL 22 14

4 DISAGREE 72 48

5 STRONGLY DISAGREE 28 19

TOTAL 150 100

SOURCE: Primary data

INTREPRETATION

Majority of the respondents are accepted that the health and safety measurement
are lead to employees satisfaction. Some of the respondents are not accepted
because that the health and safety measurements for employee’s satisfaction are
not effective, they say’s that the health and safety measures should be highly
satisfied for the employee’s. Immediate action is needed to address the concerns
of employees. Conduct surveys or discussions to identify specific issues such as
workload, management, career growth, or workplace culture. Implementing
necessary changes and improving communication can help enhance satisfaction
and morale.

CHART 4.14
EMPLOYEES SATISFACTION
67
 60

50
48

40

30

20 19

14

10
10 9

0
STRONGLY AGREE NEUTRAL DISAGREE STRONGLY
AGREE DISAGREE

TABLE 4.15

68
 HEALTH AND SAFETY MEETINGS

RESPONDENTS
S.NO ATTRIBUTES RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

STRONGLY AGREE
1 11 7

2 AGREE 16 11

3 NEUTRAL 26 17

4 DISAGREE 70 47

5 STRONGLY DISAGREE 27 18

TOTAL 150 100

SOURCE: Primary data

INTREPRETATION

As per the table, maximum no. of respondents are agree because the health and
safety can lead to a employees satisfaction in the organization. Some of the
respondents are strongly disagree because the employees satisfaction cannot
lead by the health and safety measure of the organization. The organization. To
improve satisfaction, management should identify the key issues causing
discontent, such as work environment, compensation, or career growth
opportunities. Conducting employee feedback sessions and implementing
necessary changes can help address concerns. Engaging neutral respondents
may also provide valuable insights for improvement.

CHART 4.15

HEALTH AND SAFETY MEETINGS

69
 50
47

45

40

35

30

25

20
18
17

15

11
10
7

0
STRONGLY AGREE NEUTRAL DISAGREE STRONGLY
AGREE DISAGREE

TOOL 1 – F – TEST

70
Using regression tool in table 4.1 & 4.2
12 Y (X- X ) (Y - Y ) (X- X )2 (Y - Y )2

14 16 -16 -14 256 196

20 15 -10 -15 100 225

27 24 -3 -6 9 36

69 70 39 40 1521 1600

20 25 -10 -5 100 25

150 150 1986 2082

S 12
F ∑( X − X )2
= n−1
S 22 =

∑(Y −Y )2
n−1

150
X=
5 = 30

150
Y =
5 = 30

1986 1986
S 2= =
1
5−1 4

= 496.5

2082 2082
S2= =
2
5−1 4

71
 = 520.5

496.5
F=
520.5= 0.953

Significance level at 5% = 3.36

Table value > calculated value

HYPOTHESIS

NULL HYPOTHESIS H0 : There is no significance difference between health

and safety communication and alarming and health and safety assessment .

ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS H1 : There is significance difference between

health and safety communication and alarming and health and safety
assessment.

RESULT

The result shows that there is no significance difference between health and
safety communication and alarming and health and safety assessment.

INTERPRETATION

From the above equation verified that there is a stable relationship between the
health and safety communication and alarming and health and safety assessment
of the organization.

72
73
TOOL 2 – CHI-SQUARE
Using chi-square tool in table 4.3 and 4.4
Work place Validity and
accidents (A) reliability of H & S A+B
tools (B)
15 15 30
27 18 45
25 23 48
65 74 139
18 20 38
150 150 300

O E (O – E) (O - E¿2 ¿¿

15 60 45 2025 33.7
27 90 63 3969 44.1
25 96 71 5041 52.5
65 278 213 45369 163.1
18 76 58 3364 44.2
15 60 45 2025 33.7
18 90 72 5184 57.6
23 96 73 5329 55.5
74 278 204 41616 149.6
20 76 56 3136 41.2
X2= 675.2

74
 X2 = ¿¿

Calculated value x2 = 675.2

Degree of freedom = (no. of row – 1) x (no. of column – 1)

= (5 – 1) (2 – 1)

= (4) (1)

=4

Table value at the significance level of 1% = 13.28

Calculated value is grater than the table value

NULL HYPOTHESIS H0 : workplace accidents has a significance

relationship with the validity and reliability of the tools

ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS H1 : workplace accidents no significance

difference between the with validity and reliability.

INTERPRETATION

Since the calculated value of X2 is grater than the table value at 1%

significance level. The null hypothesis is rejected. i.e. there is a significance
difference between the questions.

75
FINDING

Percentage analysis
• Majority of the respondents (54%) are female.

• Majority of the respondents (94%) belongs to the (18 – 30) age group.

• Majority of the respondents (68%) are unmarried.

• Majority of the respondents (65%) are highly qualified graduated.

• The health and safety communication and alarming systems are the
basic need of the employees in an organisation.

• Health and safety assessments are the important aspects of the company

• The health and safety measures reduce the workplace accidents.

• The validity and reliability of the health and safety tools are
being maintained.
• The periodical test of the health and safety tools are made regularly.

• The health and safety policies of the company can be

maintained properly.
• The health and safety need of the employee could be highly
prioritize by the company.
• The health and safety measures of the company are consistently
updated.

• There is a good health and safety planning of the company

• The health and safety inspection are done in a regular basis.

• There is an improvement of employees welfare and moral.

• There is an Effective health and safety measures of employee by

76
 the company.
SUGGESTION

The major cause for the workplace accidents that occur in the
organization is unsafe handling of material. So the

 The major cause for the workplace accidents that occur in the
organisation is unsafe handling of materials. So the vestibule
training method can be included in employee training program.
 The frequency of safety training for the employees on health and
safety can be altered to monthly once instead of yearly twice.
 Proper maintaining of adequate First aid facilities should be ensured.

 The restroom space could be reconstructed with sufficient space.

 Ergonomics method could be followed, in a ergonomic workplace

tools are designed to fit individual capabilities and limitations so
that people can do their job without being injured
 Work environment causes number of problems, counselling enables
to overcome personal and technical problems.
 A careful pre employment and post employment medical check up
can also be extended to the temporary labours of the company.

77
CONCLUSION

The role worker in every occupation can be faced with a multitude of

hazards in the workplace. The health and safety address the broad
range of workplace hazards from accident prevention to the more
insidious hazards including toxic fumes, dust, noise, heat, stress, etc.
preventing work-related diseases and accidents must be the goal of
health and safety measures, rather than attempting to solve problems
after they have already developed. Hazards in the workplace can be
found in a variety of forms, including chemical, physical, biological,
psychological, non-application of ergonomic principles, etc. because of
the multitude of hazards in most workplace and overall lack of
attention given to health and safety by many employers, work-related
accidents and diseases continue to be serious problem in all parts of the
world. Management commitment to health and safety and strong
worker participation are two essential elements of any successful
workplace health and safety measurements.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Book referred

1. C. K. Hemalatha, Associate Professor in MBA Department at Lord

Venkateshwara Engineering College, Kanchipuram, India. Her
Area of Interest Marketing Management, Human Resource, Stress
management.
2. Wayne F. Casio, “Managing Human Resources”, Tata Mc
Grew-hill publishing company limited, 2008, pp583-623 4.

3.Precedence Research – https://www.precedenceresearch.com

4.Fortune Business Insights – https://www.fortunebusinessinsights.com

5.Global Market Insights Inc. – https://www.gminsights.com

6. D.K. Tripathi, “Human Resource Management”, Wisdom

publisher, 2009, pp312- 333

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QUESTIONNAIRE:

1. Gender:
1) Male 2) female
2. Age:
1) 18 – 30 2) above 30
3. Educational qualification:
1) SSLC 2) HSE 3) Graduate 4) Diploma
4. Marital status:
1) Married 2) unmarried
5. Work experience:
1) 1 – 2 years 2) 2 – 5 years 3) More than 5 years
6. How often does management communicate health and safety guidelines to employees?
1) Very frequently 2) Frequently 3) Occasionally 4) Rarely 5) Never
7. How satisfied are you with the current health and safety measures at your workplace?
1) Very satisfied 2) Satisfied 3) Neutral 4) Dissatisfied
5) Very dissatisfied
8. Do you feel that the current safety measures at the workplace are adequate to prevent
accidents?
1) Strongly agree 2) Agree 3) Neutral 4) Disagree 5) Strongly disagree
9. What additional safety measure would you like to see implemented at your workplace?
1) More protective equipment 2) Regular safety training 3) Improved safety
signage
4) Enhanced emergency procedures 5) none of the above
10. How can management improve health and safety at the workplace?
1) Increase awareness and training 2) Provide better safety equipment 3) Conduct regular
safety audits
4) Establish a clear safety protocol 5) I don’t think improvement is necessary
11. Organization has established a good communication and alarming system.
1) Strongly agree 2) Agree 3) Neutral 4) Disagree 5) Strongly disagree
12. Health and safety assessment is necessary for ensuring health security and work
environment.
1) Strongly agree 2) Agree 3) Neutral 4) Disagree 5) Strongly disagree

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13. Health and safety measurements analysis can reduce workplace accidents.
1) Strongly agree 2) Agree 3) Neutral 4) Disagree 5) Strongly disagree
14. Validity and reliability of Health and safety tools are measured by the organization.
1) Strongly agree 2) Agree 3) Neutral 4) Disagree 5) Strongly disagree

15. Health and safety tools test is taken periodically by the organization.
1) Strongly agree 2) Agree 3) Neutral 4) Disagree 5)Strongldisagree
16. Health and safety policies are important for organizations effectiveness and health
measures.
1) Strongly agree 2) Agree 3) Neutral 4) Disagree 5) Strongly disagree
17. Health and safety are related to organization main policies and need to be updated.
1) Strongly agree 2) Agree 3) Neutral 4) Disagree 5) Strongly disagree
18. Health and safety measures must be consistently updated to the employee’s welfare.
1) Strongly agree 2) Agree 3) Neutral 4) Disagree 5) Strongly disagree
19. Health and safety planning is necessary before factory establishment and reduce cost.
1) Strongly agree 2) Agree 3) Neutral 4) Disagree 5) Strongly disagree
20. Safety inspection must be conducted to minimizing various industrial hazards.
1) Strongly agree 2) Agree 3) Neutral 4) Disagree 5) Strongly disagree
21. Are the employee’s welfare and moral improved through Health and safety measurement
tools.
1) Strongly agree 2) Agree 3) Neutral 4) Disagree 5) Strongly disagree
22. Organisation ensure effective Health and safety for all the employee’s.
1) Strongly agree 2) Agree 3) Neutral 4) Disagree 5) Strongly disagree
23. Health and safety is related to job satisfaction.
1) Strongly agree 2) Agree 3) Neutral 4) Disagree 5) Strongly disagree
24. Health and safety can lead to employee satisfaction.
1) Strongly agree 2) Agree 3) Neutral 4) Disagree 5) Strongly disagree
25. Are Health and safety meetings held regularly
1) Strongly agree 2) Agree 3) Neutral 4) Disagree 5) Strongly disagree

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