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Carl Rogers was a key figure in humanistic psychology, known for his client-centered therapy that emphasizes self-actualization through genuineness, acceptance, and empathy. He introduced concepts such as self-concept, unconditional positive regard, and the importance of congruence between the self and ideal self for psychological well-being. Rogers' theories highlight the significance of personal growth and the development of self-worth in achieving one's full potential.

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discussion5.ppt-1

Carl Rogers was a key figure in humanistic psychology, known for his client-centered therapy that emphasizes self-actualization through genuineness, acceptance, and empathy. He introduced concepts such as self-concept, unconditional positive regard, and the importance of congruence between the self and ideal self for psychological well-being. Rogers' theories highlight the significance of personal growth and the development of self-worth in achieving one's full potential.

Uploaded by

BEJO, JAMES ANGELO C.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Humanistic Theory

and Contribution to
Psychology

Carl Rogers
Who is Carl Rogers?
Carl Rogers was an influential humanistic
psychologist best known for his client-centered
therapy approach. He believed people have a
natural tendency toward self-actualization if
they experience genuineness, acceptance, and
empathy. Rogers also developed theories of
personality centered around the concepts of
self-concept, congruence between self and ideal
self, and the need for unconditional positive
regard from others to develop high self-worth.
His humanistic perspective and non-directive
therapy revolutionized the field of psychology.
Rogers (1959) believed that for a person to “grow”, they need an
environment that provides them with genuineness(openness and
self-disclosure), acceptance (being seen with unconditional positive
regard), and empathy (being listened to and understood)

Rogers believed that every person could achieve their goals, wishes,
and desires in life. When, or rather if they did so, self-actualization
took place. This was one of Carl Rogers most important
contributions to psychology, and for a person to reach theirpotential
a number of factors must be satisfied.
Self Actualization

Self-actualization is the process of becoming the best


version of yourself. It means reaching your full
potential, doing what truly matters to you, and feeling
fulfilled in life. It’s about personal growth, following
your passions, and living in a way that aligns with your
values.
Person-Centered Therapy

Carl Rogers developed Person-Centered Therapy from


his experiences working with clients and his belief that
people have an inner drive to grow and improve when
given the right support.
Person-Centered Therapy

Person-Centered Therapy, is a type of counseling


that focuses on you as a person rather than just your
problems. The therapist provides a safe and
supportive space where you can openly express
yourself without judgment. Instead of giving direct
advice, the therapist helps you explore your own
thoughts and feelings so you can find your own
solutions. The key ideas are empathy, unconditional
positive regard (accepting you as you are), and
genuineness. This approach believes that you have
the ability to grow and heal when given the right
support.
Person-Centered Therapy

Carl Rogers believed that everyone has the ability


to grow and improve when they feel understood
and valued. The therapist is warm, honest, and
truly cares about the person. This helps people
feel comfortable to express themselves,
understand their own thoughts, and make better
choices for their lives.
Personality Development

Carl Rogers' self-concept is a key part of his humanistic


theory, focusing on how we see ourselves (self-image),
how much value we place on ourselves (self-esteem),
and who we aspire to be (ideal self). It reflects our true
inner personality and is shaped by experiences and how
we interpret them. Childhood experiences and
feedback from others influence our self-concept.
Rogers believes that the closer our self-image and ideal
self align, the higher our sense of self-worth.
Discrepancies between them cause incongruence,
leading to psychological tension. The self-concept
consists of three components: self-image, self-esteem,
and ideal self.
Self-worth

Self-worth (or self-esteem) is the value or worth an


individual places on themselves. It’s the evaluative
aspect of self-concept,influenced by the individual’s
perceived successes, failures, and how they believe
others view them.

Rogers believed feelings of self-worth developed in


early childhood and were formed from the interaction
of the child with the mother and father.
.
Self-image

Self-image refers to individuals’ mental representation


of themselves, shaped by personal experiences and
interactions with others.
Self-image vs. Real self

The self-image can sometimes be distorted or based on


inaccurate perceptions. In contrast, the real self
includes self-awareness of who a person truly is.

The real self represents a person’s genuine current


state, including their strengths, weaknesses, and areas
where they might struggle.
Ideal self

The ideal self is the version of oneself that an individual


aspires to become. It includes all the goals, values, and
traits a person deems ideal or desirable.

It’s their vision of “who I want to be.”This is the person


who we would like to be. It consists of our goals and
ambitions in life, and is dynamic – i.e., forever changing.
Positive Regard And Self Worth

Carl Rogers (1951) viewed the child as having two basic


needs: positive regard from other people and self-
worth.

How we think about ourselves and our feelings of self-


worth are of fundamental importance to psychological
health and thelikelihood that we can achieve goals and
ambitions in life and self-actualization.
Unconditional Positive Regard

Unconditional positive regard, is the acceptance and


love given to a person without judgment, regardless of
their actions or mistakes. It helps foster self-worth and
is crucial in relationships with parents, teachers, and
mentors, promoting positive outcomes in adulthood.
Conditional Positive Regard

Conditional positive regard is a concept in psychology


that refers to the expression of acceptance and
approval by others (oftenparents or caregivers) only
when an individual behaves in a certain acceptable or
approved way.

According to Rogers, conditional positive regard in


childhood can lead to conditions of worth in adulthood,
where a person’s self-esteem and self-worth may
depend heavily on meeting certain standards or
expectations.
Congruence & Incongruence

A person’s ideal self may not be consistent with what


actually happens in life and the experiences of the
person. Hence, a differencemay exist between a
person’s ideal self and actual experience. This is called
incongruence.

Where a person’s ideal self and actual experience are


consistent or very similar, a state of congruence exists.
Rarely, if ever, does atotal state of congruence exist; all
people experience a certain amount of
incongruence.ptable or approved way.
The development of congruence is dependent on
unconditional positive regard. Carl Rogers believed that
for a person to achieve self-actualization, they must be
in a state of congruence.
The Fully Functioning Person

Rogers believed that every person could achieve their


goal. This means that the person is in touch with the
here and now, his or hersubjective experiences and
feelings, continually growing and changing.

In many ways, Rogers regarded the fully functioning


person as an ideal and one that people do not
ultimately achieve.
Rogers identied five characteristics of the
fully functioning person:

1. Open to experience

both positive and negative emotions accepted.


Negative feelings are not denied, but worked through
(ratherthan resorting to ego defense mechanisms.
Rogers identied five characteristics of the
fully functioning person:
2. Existential living
in touch with different experiences as they occur in life,
avoiding prejudging and preconceptions. Being able
tolive and fully appreciate the present, not always
looking back to the past or forward to the future (i.e.,
living for the moment).

3. Trust feelings
feeling, instincts, and gut-reactions are paid attention
to and trusted. People’s own decisions are the right
ones,and we should trust ourselves to make the right
choices.
The Fully Functioning Person

4. Creativity
creative thinking and risk-taking are features of a
person’s life. A person does not play safe all the time.
This involves the ability to adjust and change and seek
new experiences.

5.Fulfilled life
a person is happy and satisfied with life, and always
looking for new challenges and experiences. For Rogers,
fully functioning people are well-adjusted, well-
balanced, and interesting to know. Often such people
are high achieversin society.
thank you

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