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Current Mode Control

The document discusses the current mode control of power converters, specifically focusing on buck converters and their operation principles. It highlights the importance of controlling peak inductor current, the role of feedback mechanisms, and the challenges such as noise susceptibility and sub-harmonic oscillation. Additionally, it introduces average current mode control as a solution to these problems, emphasizing its advantages over peak current mode control.

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vinukondanikhil2002
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3 views

Current Mode Control

The document discusses the current mode control of power converters, specifically focusing on buck converters and their operation principles. It highlights the importance of controlling peak inductor current, the role of feedback mechanisms, and the challenges such as noise susceptibility and sub-harmonic oscillation. Additionally, it introduces average current mode control as a solution to these problems, emphasizing its advantages over peak current mode control.

Uploaded by

vinukondanikhil2002
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Current Mode Control of

Power Converters
Principle of opeation
➢ For understanding purpose, buck converter can
be considered.
➢ Peak current in the inductor is controlled to be
constant.
➢ For this, inductor current or a current which gives
peak value of inductor current is sensed. For
example, source current indicates peak current of
the inductor.
➢ Block diagram explains the operation of this
control.
➢ A clock is given as input to set input of the flip-flop.
Frequency of the clock is equal to the switching
frequency of the converter.
➢ Clock pulse is used for turning-on of the switching
device. But it doesn’t switch-off the switching device.
➢ Output voltage is sensed and compared with the
reference voltage. The error is processed by the
controller and generates current reference. It is given
to the inverting input of the comparator.
➢ The sensed current is given to the non-inverting input
of the comparator.
➢ Comparator output is given to the reset input of the
flip-flop. This is used for turning-off of the switch.
➢ When the switch is turned-on, the inductor
current increases. Whenever, the sensed current
crosses the reference current, the switch is
turned-off. The upslope of the inductor m1 is
dependent on VDC.
➢ m2 is the down slope of the inductor current and
is constant for a given converter and output
voltage.
➢ For any variations in the supply voltage, m1
changes.
➢ For an increase in VDC, m1 increases and turns-off
the switch at a lower duty cycle.
➢ For a decrease in VDC, m1 decreases and turns off
the switch later, increasing the duty cycle.
Susceptible to noise:
➢ The sensed current waveform can pick-up noise which
may have considerable magnitude. This may pre-
maturely turn-off the switch.
➢ This problem can be solved by the use of low pass
filter.
Constant peak to average current problems:
➢ Based on the duty cycle of operation, average value of
current varies.
➢ For the same peak current, for higher supply voltage
(lower on-time), average current is smaller than for
lower supply voltage(higher on-time).
➢ This makes average current to vary based on supply
voltage variation.
Sub-harmonic oscillation
➢ For any disturbance in the current waveform, the
error may propagate cycle by cycle.
➢ If the duty cycle is less than 50%, the error
reduces cycle by cycle.
➢ If the duty cycle is more than 50%, the error
increases cycle by cycle.
➢ This is known as sub-harmonic oscillation.
➢ Solution for this problem is to limit the duty cycle
to 50% or use slope compensation.
➢ Generally, for forward converter, for 1:1 ratio of
primary to reset winding, upper limit on the duty
cycle is 50%. Hence peak current mode control
matches with it without slope compensation.
ΔIo = Error at the beginning of the cycle
ΔI1 = Error at the end of the cycle
m1 = up slope of the inductor current
m2 = down slope of the inductor current
Slope Compensation
Average Current Mode Current
➢ In this method, instead of peak current, average
inductor current is controlled to be constant.
Advantages:
➢ This gives all advantages of peak current mode
control.
➢ This eliminates the problems associated with
peak current mode control.
➢ It is not susceptible to noise. The energy
associated with noise is small. Hence this doesn’t
influence switching instants.
➢ It doesn’t have peak to average current problems
as average current is controlled to be constant.
➢ It doesn’t have sub-harmonic instability.
Average Current Mode Current

➢ Averaging of current is done from instant of one


switch turn-off to consecutive switch turn-off.
➢ This is because switch turn-off is in our control.
➢ Averaging is done cycle by cycle.
Circuit for average current mode
control:

➢For T = RC, the circuit will average


the input voltage vi.
➢Vi corresponds to the current iL.
➢For resetting the capacitor of the
integrator, a switch is connected
across it. Very thin gate pulses are
applied to it which momentarily
shorts the capacitor and resets it.

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