ENR107 Digital Electronics and Microprocessors Winter 2025

Section 2

Weekly Lab Report

Lab: 8

Lab Title: 555

Group number: 11

Name Enrolment No

Apurva Kamdar AU2340109

Yagnik Vanodiya AU2440136

Pavitra Chauhan AU2440091

Pratyusha Sharma AU2440012

Akshita Muchhal AU2440081

PART-1 : Monostable Multivibrator using 555 Timer

1) Objective:

The goal is to create a monostable multivibrator circuit which uses the 555 timer IC along
with its implementation testing for analysis. We will use Oscilloscope to verify the proper
functioning of the monostable circuit by getting the resultant wave as show in the schematic
diagram.

2) Materials and equipment:

• 555 Timer IC

• Breadboard

• LED (used to check proper functioning of 555 timer chip)

• Diode

• Resistor

• Capacitor

• Jumper wires

• Power Supply
 • Oscilloscope

3) Procedure :

Circuit Setup:

• Assemble the circuit on the breadboard as per the schematic diagram.

• Connect the main power supply to the power supply pins of the 555 timer (Pin 8 =
VCC, Pin 1 = GND).

• Connect R1 and C1 in the circuit shown to set the time constant.

• Attach the trigger switch to Pin 2 (Trigger) to simulate the external trigger input.

• Connect the LED in series with resistor R2 to Pin 3 (Output) to indicate the
monostable pulse.

2. Working of the Monostable Multivibrator:

• The monostable circuit remains in its stable state (LED OFF, Output LOW) until an
external negative trigger pulse is applied at Pin 2.

• When the trigger is applied, the output at Pin 3 goes HIGH for a time period T . After
this duration, the output returns to its stable LOW state (LED OFF).

3. Calculating the Time Period T:

• The output pulse width T is determined by the values of R1 and C1. It is given by the
formula: T=1.1×R1×C1.

4. Observing Results:

• The output waveform should be observed through an oscilloscope at Pin 3 (Output).

• Use the oscilloscope screen to measure the pulse width followed by its comparison
to the calculated value.

• The system should monitor the LED only during its ON and OFF states during the
output pulse duration.

Observations:
The oscilloscope displayed the monitored time duration after which we measured the pulse
width amounting to about 1. The observed duration of 1 second matched exactly with the
calculated results and the LED followed the HIGH and LOW states of the output.
Observations confirmed the operational effectiveness of the monostable multivibrator
because the oscilloscope displayed an image of its clear output.
Blinking of LED to verify proper functioning of IC555 chip.

5. Learnings:

Concept Learned:

• The design produces one output pulse through an RC monostable multivibrator

• The output released a single pulse with a duration of 1.1 seconds whenever the
trigger occurred due to the timing components R1 and C1.

• The pulse width measurements taken with an oscilloscope confirmed the design
specifications while LED signals demonstrated correct operation of the circuit.

Challenges Faced:

• We struggled to generate an efficient trigger pulse from the comparator output that
would flip the 555 into an unstable state.

• Also we needed to properly ground and connect every component for optimal circuit
operation.

Real Life Applications:

6.Conclusion:

A lab practical confirmed that the monostable multivibrator functions through 555 timer
components built during this experimentation period. The 555 chip is the core component of
the circuit. That circuit produced after receiving a trigger the circuit generated one single
output pulse that lasted for 1.1 seconds. The time when the trigger occurs becomes
determined through the combination of R1 and C1 elements. Recorded oscilloscope
measurements The recorded oscilloscope measurements verified the pulse width accuracy.

PART-2 : 50% Duty Cycle using 555 Timer

1) Objective:

• This setup requires the generation of a waveform which demands producing the 50%
duty cycle astable 555 timer waveform.

• The circuit requires use for adjusting the potentiometer precision until it reaches an
appropriate output voltage value at high 50% of the time.

• The facility to operate an oscilloscope for monitoring waveform evolution depending

2) Materials and equipment:

• 555 Timer IC

• Breadboard

• Potentiometer

• Diode

• Resistors

• Capacitor

• Jumper wires

• Power Supply

• Oscilloscope

3) Procedure :

Circuit Setup:
 • Put the circuit together on the breadboard according to the schematic diagram
presented in the section determining the configuration of the 555 astable
multivibrator.

• The VCC of the 555 timer should be connected to Pin 8 and GND to Pin 1 and you
connect it to 5V supply power.

• The two 1kΩ resistors and 1μF capacitors have to be soldered in the right position in
order to regulate the timing and the percentage of the output signal.

• For a variable duty cycle, I decided to use the potentiometer and connect it between
Pin 7 of the discharge pin and Pin 6 of the threshold pin of the 555 timer.

• Connect the oscilloscope probe to Pin 3 (Output) in order to take instructions from
the waveform generator.

Working of the 50% Duty Cycle Circuit:

• Here the 555 timer is in astable configuration, continuously generating a square-

• The variable time can be adjusted manually to optimize the duty cycle by means of
the potentiometer. The aim is to have as high a frequency of oscillation as possible,
while the waveform has equal high and low time spans .

• The output waveform will be captured using an oscilloscope and the values of power
and the average power will be calculated.

Adjusting the Duty Cycle:

• Turn the potentiometer until the time that the output is HIGH is precisely equal to
the time it is LOW meaning the duty cycle of 50%.

• Watch the waveform on the oscilloscope and turn the knob of the Potentiometer in
both clockwise and anticlockwise till the duty cycle is achieved.

4.Observing Results:

• When the function generator is at the 50% duty cycle, then, record the waveform on
the oscilloscope.

• Turn the potentiometer a bit more sequentially to note changes within the waveform
while moving away from the 50% duty cycle.
5.Learnings:

Concepts Learned:

• The 555 timer controlled astable multivibrator circuit produces a continuous square
wave output with adjustable duty cycle through its timer elements consisting of
 resistors and capacitors which can be modified using the potentiometer. This type of
timer device can frame various clocking signals while producing diverse waveforms

Challenges Faced:

• Determining precise 50% duty cycle from the potentiometer required multiple tries
and it can be achieved by different configuration of potentiometer knob.

• Any system benefits from obtaining 50% duty-cycle outputs through integrated
circuit functionality because this key attribute defines signal generation and PWM
control operations.

Real-world Application:

• Integrated circuits that produce outputs with 50% duty-cycle provide potent signal
generation and PWM control for systems.

• 555 timers used for astable-mode operation are extensively applied in basic
electronics timing circuits to produce precise timing and waveform.

Conclusion

The experimental procedure demonstrated the operation of an 555 timer during astable
mode for generating a 50% duty cycle square wave. The oscilloscope showcase the output of
the circuit in square wave forms . The measurements of calculated frequency and observed
frequency results demonstrated that the experimental design followed correct assumptions.
The circuit time depend on the components of the circuit that is the resistor and capacitor.