Industrial Applications of Enzymes

(ASSIGNMENT#3 Spring-2025)

BY

Khizar Ali

Roll No. 23014114-007

ZOO-466 (Biochemistry-I)

BS IV Section B

Submitted To

Prof. Dr. Razia Iqbal

Department of Zoology

UNIVERSITY OF GUJRAT

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

S# CONTENTS PAGE

Introduction .............................................................................................................4

Food and beverage ..................................................................................................5

Textile........................................................................................................................6

Leather......................................................................................................................7

Detergent ..................................................................................................................7

Paper and Pulp.........................................................................................................8

Biofuel........................................................................................................................8

Pharmaceutical.........................................................................................................9

Agriculture and animal feed...................................................................................9

Waste Management................................................................................................ 10

Textile and bio polishing ........................................................................................10

Conclusion………………………………………………………………………….10

References …………………………………………………………………………10

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LIST OF FIGURES

S# FIGURES PAGE

1 Applications of Enzymes............................................................................................4

2 Manufacturing of beer ...............................................................................................5

3 Role of Enzymes in Textile Industry..........................................................................6

4 Role of Enzymes in Leather Industry…………….....................................................8

5 Role of enzymes in biofuel industry ............................................................................9

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 Industrial Applications of Enzymes

Introduction

Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions without being consumed in the
process. They are widely used in various industries due to their efficiency, specificity, and eco-
friendly nature. The use of enzymes in industries has revolutionized production processes,
making them more sustainable, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly. This assignment
explores the diverse industrial applications of enzymes and highlights their significance in
modern manufacturing.

Applications of Enzymes

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 https://ultrezenzymes.com/industrial-uses-of-enzymes-how-they-make-production-
easier/

1. Food and Beverage Industry

1.1 Dairy Industry

Lactase: Used to break down lactose into glucose and galactose, making dairy products
digestible for lactose-intolerant individuals.

Rennet (Chymosin): Helps in the coagulation of milk proteins, aiding in cheese production.

Lipases: Improve cheese flavor by breaking down fats into free fatty acids.

1.2 Baking Industry

Amylases: Convert starch into simple sugars, enhancing yeast fermentation and improving bread
texture.

Proteases: Soften gluten and improve dough handling properties.

Xylanases: Improve dough elasticity and bread volume.

1.3 Brewing Industry

Amylases and Glucoamylases: Break down starch into fermentable sugars for alcohol
production.

Proteases: Remove protein haze in beer, enhancing clarity.

Β-Glucanases: Improve filtration efficiency in brewing.

Manufacturing of bear

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 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123738912000109

1.3 Fruit Juice and Wine Industry

Pectinases: Break down pectin in fruits, increasing juice yield and clarity.

Cellulases: Aid in fruit pulp breakdown, enhancing extraction.

2. Textile Industry

Amylases: Used in desizing to remove starch-based sizing agents from fabrics.

Cellulases: Improve fabric softness and bio-polishing of cotton textiles.

Laccases: Assist in denim bleaching, replacing harsh chemicals.

Role of Enzymes in textile industry

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 https://textileengineering.net/role-of-enzymes-in-the-textile-industry/

3. Leather Industry

Proteases: Used in dehairing and bating processes, replacing harmful chemicals.

Lipases: Aid in fat removal during leather processing.

Collagenases: Improve leather softness and quality.

Leather Industry application of Enzymes

https://images.app.goo.gl/pCm6qxW2gPzXin488

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 4. Detergent Industry

Proteases: Break down protein stains (e.g., blood, sweat).

Lipases: Remove fat-based stains like oil and grease.

Amylases: Help remove starch-based stains.

Cellulases: Maintain fabric quality by preventing pilling.

5. Paper and Pulp Industry

Xylanases: Enhance pulp bleaching, reducing the need for harsh chemicals.

Lipases: Remove pitch (sticky resins) from wood pulp.

Laccases: Help in lignin degradation for improved paper quality.

6. Biofuel Industry

Cellulases and Hemicellulases: Convert plant biomass into fermentable sugars for bioethanol
production.

Amylases: Hydrolyze starch into sugars for biofuel synthesis.

Lipases: Assist in biodiesel production by catalyzing transesterification.

Biofuel industry application of Enzymes

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 https://images.app.goo.gl/HWmRFeZyEvUszuE18

7. Pharmaceutical Industry

Proteases (e.g., Trypsin, Pepsin, Papain): Used in wound healing, digestive aids, and anti-
inflammatory drugs.

Asparaginase: Used in leukemia treatment.

Streptokinase: Helps dissolve blood clots in stroke patients.

8. Agriculture and Animal Feed Industry

Phytases: Enhance phosphorus availability in animal feed, reducing environmental pollution.

Proteases, Amylases, and Cellulases: Improve digestibility of feed ingredients.

Agriculture application of Enzymes

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 https://images.app.goo.gl/iPgARrqLScWp8Y7QA

9. Waste Management and Environmental Applications

Bioremediation Enzymes: Break down pollutants in soil and water (e.g., oil spills, plastic
waste).

Lipases: Decompose fats and oils in wastewater treatment.

Laccases and Peroxidases: Degrade industrial dyes and toxic compounds.

10. Textile and Bio-Polishing Industry

Catalases: Used to remove hydrogen peroxide after bleaching.

Pectinases: Assist in fiber modification for improved texture.

Future Prospects of Enzyme Technology

With advancements in biotechnology, enzyme engineering is paving the way for more efficient
and specialized enzyme applications. Genetic modification and protein engineering allow
scientists to create enzymes with enhanced stability, activity, and efficiency. The integration of
enzymes in industrial processes is expected to further reduce costs, minimize environmental
impact, and increase sustainability.

Conclusion

Enzymes have become indispensable in numerous industries, offering innovative solutions for
sustainable and eco-friendly manufacturing. Their ability to catalyze reactions with high
specificity and efficiency makes them valuable assets in food processing, pharmaceuticals,
biofuels, textiles, and beyond. As research in enzyme technology continues, their applications are
bound to expand, transforming industries and contributing to a greener planet.

References

1. Pandey, A., Webb, C., Soccol, C. R., & Larroche, C. (2005). Enzyme technology.
Springer Science & Business Media.

2. Chaplin, M., & Bucke, C. (1990). Enzyme technology. Cambridge University Press.

3. Bhatia, S. C. (2008). Industrial enzymes: Applications in pharmaceutical, food, and

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4. Aehle, W. (2007). Enzymes in industry: Production and applications. John Wiley & Sons.

5. Uhlig, H. (1998). Industrial enzymes and their applications. John Wiley & Sons.

6. Rao, M. B., Tanksale, A. M., Ghatge, M. S., & Deshpande, V. V. (1998). Molecular and
biotechnological aspects of microbial proteases. Microbiology and Molecular Biology
Reviews, 62(3), 597-635.

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