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20556_lesson Note Bio

The document outlines the characteristics of living things, including movement, nutrition, excretion, and reproduction, as well as the differences between plants and animals. It also introduces the branches of biology, the usefulness of science in various fields, and methods of scientific approach. Key differences highlighted include nutrition modes, mobility, and structural features of plants and animals.

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tobago6521
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2 views

20556_lesson Note Bio

The document outlines the characteristics of living things, including movement, nutrition, excretion, and reproduction, as well as the differences between plants and animals. It also introduces the branches of biology, the usefulness of science in various fields, and methods of scientific approach. Key differences highlighted include nutrition modes, mobility, and structural features of plants and animals.

Uploaded by

tobago6521
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TOPIC: RECOGNISING LIVING THINGS

DATE: 16TH OCTOBER, 2023


Performance Objectives: At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to,
I. State the characteristics of the living things
II. Differences between Plants and Animals
BIOLOGY AND LIVING THINGS
Biology is the coined from two Greek words, bios meaning life and logos meaning study.
Biology is defined as the study of life, for example, the study of plants and animals.
Branches of Biology
Biology is grouped into 2 main branches;
a. Zoology: The study of Animals
b. Botany: The study of Plants
Other branches are;
c. Ecology: The study of living things in relation to their environment.
d. Morphology: The study of external features of plants and animals.
e. Anatomy: The study of internal structures of plants and animals.
f. Genetics: The scientific study of heredity and variation in living things.
g. Physiology: The study of how plants and animals functions.

USEFULNESS OF SCIENCE
Science: It is a systematic process of making enquiry about the living and non-living
things in our environment. Science finds application in:
a. Medicine: It contributes greatly to the manufacture of vaccines and drugs that are
used to cure various diseases.
b. Manufacturing industries: Various raw materials have been combined to
manufacture many finished products.
c. Construction: Roads, railways, airports have designed and constructed as a result of
knowledge derived from science.
d. Engineering: Ship building, skyscrapers, bridges e.t.c
e. Agriculture: New breeds of animals and varieties of crops including fertilizers have
been developed.
f. Technology: Development computers to enhance the efficiency of mankind and
their activities.
g. Communication: Television, telephone, telex e.t.c
h. Transportation: Aero planes, ships, rockets e.t.c

Methods of Scientific Approach


I. Observation
II. Classification
III. Inference
IV. Measurement
V. Identification
VI. Hypothesis
VII. Experiment
VIII. Control or Conclusion
IX. Theory

NOTE: In control experiment, the scientist makes sure that during the experiment, the
organism or object being observed is not deprived of the particular factor being
investigated. The end of the experiment can be used to show whether the hypothesis is
true or false.
CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVING THINGS.
1. Movement or Locomotors: An organism moves its own whole body or plant of its
body from one place to another.
Reasons for movement
a. To search for food
b. To escape from predators
c. To find mates for reproduction
d. To reduce competition
e. To avoid danger
f. To find new favorable habitats

2. Nutrition or feeding: Process of manufacturing food and utilizing it for growth and
maintenance.
3. Excretion: The removal of waste products of cell metabolism from the body.E.g
Urea, carbon dioxide, water e.t.c
4. Irritability or sensitivity: response of organisms towards changes in the environment.
For example, stimuli includes heat, light, pain, water, sound, chemical substance e.t.c.
5. Respiration: It is the breakdown or burning of food by aerobic (using oxygen) or
anaerobic (without oxygen).
6. Growth: It is defined as an irreversible or permanent increase in size. The purpose
of growth, is to repair damaged or old tissues in the bodies. The foods that are eaten
provide the basis for growth of organisms. This will lead complexity and maturation.
7. Reproduction: It is the ability of a living organism to give birth to young ones of
their own kind. The purpose is to ensure continuity.

Types of Reproduction
i. Asexual reproduction: This involves only one organism to produce another offspring.

ii. Sexual reproduction: This involves two organisms coming together for the purpose of
reproduction.
8. Adaptation: It is the ability of living organisms adjusting to changes in their various
environments in such a manner that they would be comfortable. This is done in order
to survive.
9. Lifespan/death: All living things must die because they have a definite and limited
period of existence.
10.Competition: It is the ability of living things to struggle for all the necessities of life
in water to survive in their various environments. Living things compete for light,
space, water, mates e.t.c

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PLANTS AND ANIMALS


ANIMALS PLANTS
They move the whole body from one They are fixed i.e they do not move from
place to another place to place, only parts of the body like
root, stem and leaves.
They have heterotrophic mode of They have autotrophic mode of nutrition
nutrition i.e they depend on already i.e can manufacture their own food using
made food. the energy from the sun.
Possess no chlorophyll or Presence of chlorophyll or
chloroplast chloroplast(green pigment)
Possess no cell wall Possess a cell wall made of cellulose
Have sense organs Have no sense organs

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