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3. Operation and Control

The document discusses the planning and design of pumping works, focusing on system head curves, combined pump operation, variable speed control, and operational limitations. It provides detailed calculations for friction losses and pump efficiency, as well as guidelines for starting frequency and modifications to impellers. The content is structured to assist engineers in optimizing pump performance and operational efficiency.

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Bagong Silangan Fss
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12 views

3. Operation and Control

The document discusses the planning and design of pumping works, focusing on system head curves, combined pump operation, variable speed control, and operational limitations. It provides detailed calculations for friction losses and pump efficiency, as well as guidelines for starting frequency and modifications to impellers. The content is structured to assist engineers in optimizing pump performance and operational efficiency.

Uploaded by

Bagong Silangan Fss
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Philippine Society of Mechanical

Engineers

PLANNING AND DESIGN OF PUMPING


WORKS

OPERATING CONDITIONS AND CONTROLS


CONTENTS

1. SYSTEM HEAD CURVES AND OPERATING


CONDITIONS
2. COMBINED PUMP OPERATION
3. VARIABLE SPEED CONTROL
4. MODIFICATION OF IMPELLER
5. OPERATIONAL LIMITATIONS
6. STARTING FREQUENCY
1. SYSTEM HEAD CURVES AND OPERATING CONDITIONS
The system-head curve, in the absence of static lift, starts at zero flow and
zero head. Since friction losses vary as the square of flow rate, this system
is parabolic in shape and is a steep system curve.

No Lift – All Friction Head


For a water flow of 900 gpm
Entrance loss from tank into 10-in. suction pipe = 0.5V2/2g = 10 ft.
Friction loss in 2 ft. of 10-in. suction pipe = 0.02
Loss in 10-in. 90-deg. elbow connected to pump (equivalent to 25 ft. of 10-in. pipe) =
0.02
Friction loss in 3,000 ft. of 8-in. discharge pipe = 74.5
Loss in 8-in. gate valve fully open (equivalent to 5 ft. of 8-in. pipe) = 0.12
Exit loss from 8-in. pipe into tank = V2/2g = 0.52
--------- Total friction loss Hf = 75.46 ft.
Other Types of Installation

Mostly Lift – Little Friction Head Negative Lift - Gravity Head

Two Different Pipe Sizes Two Different Static Lifts


System Head Curve and Pump Operating Point
SYSTEM HEAD CURVE; HR
+K

Where: - Resistance head or System Head (m)


- Actual head or Static Lift (m)
Pd – Pressure on the discharge liquid surface (Pa),
atmospheric pressure if exposed to atmosphere
Ps – Pressure on the suction liquid surface (Pa)
– Density of liquid (kg/m3)
K – Constant
Q – Capacity (m3/min)
n – Exponent(=2 for approximate calculation)
Changes in Static Head
Changes in Friction Losses
Valve Throttling and Operating Efficiency
PUMP OPERATING EFFICIENCY

Where: H – Pump H-Q Curve


- System Head Curve (m)
+ = Systems Head Curve w/ Valve Throttled(m)
– Pump Operating Efficiency
– Pump Efficiency
– ; ! " (m )
Pipeline Connected in Parallel
Pipeline Divided into Two Routes
Actual Head Curve
2. COMBINED PUMP OPERATION

Two Pumps in Series and Parallel


CONTROLS ON PUMP OUTPUT
3. VARIABLE SPEED CONTROL

Q2/Q1 = N2/N1
H2/H1 = (N2/N1)2
L2/L1 = (N2/N1)3

Where;
N2 , N1 – Speed, Initial and
Reduced
Q2 , Q1 – Capacity at N2 & N1
H2 , H1 – Total Head at N2 & N1
L2 , L1 - Input Power at N2 & N1

Pump Characteristics as Affected by Speed


Variable Speed Control for
Large Output Installation
And Continuous Operation
4. Modification of Impeller
5. Operational Limitations
Dead Zone in Variable Speed Drive and Parallel Operation
6. Starting Frequency

a. Pumping to Discharge Chamber b. Pumping from Suction Reservoir

Pumping to and from Reservoir


Starting Interval Equation

# +
$ % $ %

Where;
T – Starting Interval (min)
VR – Effective reservoir volume as measured between starting and stopping water
level (m3)
QP – Pumping Capacity (m3/min)
Qd – PumDemand (m3/min)
Starting Frequency per Hour; 60T
)* '
&' ( ]
.$ / % $ %

Where;
&' – Starting Frequency per hour
n – Number of Identical Pumps
= ½ ; The demand is one half of the priming capacity
&' = 15/( / ); Minimum interval is given as 4 times of ( / ).
&' = 3; Interval is 20 minutes, Then ( / ) should not be less than 5 minutes.
Start Frequency in Terms of VR/Qp

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