Module

English 10
Good morning, Grade 10-Einstein! Welcome to the English Grade 10 Self-Learning Module
on Types of Verbals and Their Functions. This module provides information about the
topic, followed by drills to reinforce your understanding.

By the end of the lesson, you will be able to define what a verbal is, identify its different
types and their functions, and use them in sentences.

Are you ready?

What is Verbal?
A verbal is a verb that acts like a different part of speech. Sometimes verbs will act as the
subject of a sentence, an adjective, or as a direct object, so we call these verbs 'verbals.'
Identifying verbals isn't hard to do, if you're paying attention to exactly how they are being
used in each sentence. Infinitives, gerunds, and participles are all types of verbals.

INFINITIVES
An infinitive is a verbal consisting of to + base form of a verb, and it acts like a subject, direct
object, subject complement, adjective, or adverb in a sentence. Infinitives are easy to identify
because they're written with to + a verb. Some examples of infinitives are 'to skate,' 'to swim,'
'to giggle.'

The tricky thing about infinitives is once you spot them, you must figure out what their function
is in the sentence.

Let's look at some examples to make this clearer.

'To wait seemed challenging since it required a great deal of patience.' The infinitive in this
sentence is 'to wait' because it has 'to' plus the verb 'wait,' and it functions as the subject of the
sentence.

'Gab agreed to give me a ride.' The infinitive used here is 'to give,' and it functions as the direct
object of the verb 'agreed' because it is the recipient of the action of agreed.

Let's look at how an infinitive can be used as a subject complement. 'His dream is to play
basketball in the NBA.' The infinitive in the sentence is 'to play,' and it comes after the verb 'is'
and describes what his dream is, so 'to play' is a subject complement.

Just like regular adjectives, an infinitive used as an adjective always describes a noun. 'This is
the best time to practice.' The infinitive here is 'to practice,' and it directly describes the word
'time,' so this infinitive is acting as an adjective.

An infinitive used as an adverb usually occurs at the beginning or at the end of a sentence. 'We
must carefully observe to understand.' The infinitive 'to understand' directly describes the verb
'observe,' so this infinitive is functioning as an adverb.

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 Seatwork no. 5 Infinitives
Instructions:
1. In your notebook, write three sentences that include infinitives.
2. Underline the infinitive in each sentence.
3. Determine and explain its function (as a noun, adjective, or adverb).

Reminder: I will check your notebook before your fourth-quarter examination.

GERUNDS
What is Gerunds?
A gerund is a type of verbal that ends in -ing and is used like a noun. Examples of gerunds
include actions like chewing, writing, whispering, and snoring.

Similar to infinitives, gerunds can also function as the subject of the sentence, the direct
object, or as the subject complement. Gerunds can also act as an object of a preposition.
Let's look at some examples to better understand these four different ways to use
gerunds.

'Hiking Mt. Mayon is quite a challenge.' The gerund here is 'hiking,' and it is being used as
the subject of the sentence.

Arvi thoroughly enjoys playing basketball." The gerund "playing" is used as a direct
object because it answers what is enjoyed after the action verb "enjoy."

'My favorite exercise is running.' In this sentence, 'running' is the gerund, and it functions
as the subject complement because it describes the subject after the verb 'is.'

Using a gerund as an object of a preposition means we're using a preposition like 'in,'
'before,' or 'after' and then having a verb ending in -ing that follows it.
Here's an example: Hanna thanked her teacher for helping her.' The gerund is 'helping,'
the preposition used is 'for,' and helping is what Hanna thanked her teacher for, so
helping is the object of the preposition.

Seatwork no. 6 Gerunds

Instructions:
1. In your notebook, write three sentences that include GERUNDS.
2. Underline the GERUND in each sentence.
3. Determine and explain its function

Reminder: I will check your notebook before your fourth-quarter examination.

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PARTICIPLE
What is Participle?
A participle is a verbal that is used as an adjective to modify nouns or pronouns. There
are present participles, which end in -ing, and past participles, which end in -ed, -en, -d,
-t, -n, or -ne.

A few examples of present participles are 'whining, 'dancing,' and 'growling.' Some
examples of past participles are 'asked,' 'eaten,' 'dealt,' 'gone,' and 'seen.'

Now, you may be thinking that present participles look just like gerunds because they
are verbs ending in -ing, but the big difference is that gerunds are used like nouns,
while present participles are used as adjectives to modify nouns or pronouns. Let's
look at some examples of present participles to better understand this.

'The wailing baby was hungry.' The word 'wailing' is a verb ending in -ing, and it
describes the baby. It is also in the present tense, so we can identify 'wailing' as a
present participle.

If we wanted to use the word 'wailing' as a gerund instead, then we could say
something like, 'They scolded him for wailing.' In this case, 'wailing' would be a gerund
used as an object of a preposition because it follows the preposition 'for' and is being
treated like a noun by explaining the reason he is being scolded.

Let's look at an example using two present participles. 'Frowning, she scolded the
barking dog.' This sentence has two verbs ending in -ing: 'frowning' and 'barking.' Both
of these describe nouns. 'Frowning' describes the woman and 'barking' describes the
dog. So, 'frowning' and 'barking' are present participles.

The tired students rested after the long exam." Past Participle: tired Explanation: Tired
describes the noun students, making it a past participle functioning as an adjective.

Seatwork no. 6 Participle

Instructions:
1. In your notebook, write three sentences that include PARTICIPLE.
2. Underline the PARTICIPLE in each sentence.
3. Determine whether it is present or past.

Reminder: I will check your notebook before your fourth-quarter examination.

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 Performance Task
JUNIOR HIGHlights!
General Instructions:

1. Choose one of the following tasks to complete. Your topic should be "A
Memorable Experience in Junior High School."

2. In your work, you must include and highlight or underline at least three (3)
infinitives, three (3) gerunds, and three (3) participles.

Use a short bond paper for this task. Submit it on March 13, 2025 (Wednesday ).

Options:

Option 1: Short Essay

Write a brief essay (at least two paragraphs) that includes all three types of verbals:
infinitives, gerunds, and participles. Highlight or underline verbals in your writing.

Option 2: Short Story

Write a short story (at least two paragraphs) that includes all three types of verbals:
infinitives, gerunds, and participles. Highlight or underline them in your writing.

Option 3: Slogans
Create three slogans that effectively use verbals (infinitives, gerunds, or participles).
Highlight or underline the verbals in your slogans.

Option 4: Song
Write a short song with at least 2-3 stanzas (four lines per stanza) that includes an
infinitive, a gerund, and a participle. Highlight or underline them in your lyrics.

Option 5: Poem
Write a short poem with at least 2-3 stanzas (four lines per stanza) that incorporates
an infinitive, a gerund, and a participle. Highlight or underline them in your poem.

Option 6: Poster
Draw a scene representing your most memorable experience in junior high school.
Along with your drawing, write a short explanation of your work. Highlight or
underline verbals in your explanation.
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