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Lab 1 - DSA

The document provides an overview of Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA), a medical imaging technique used to visualize blood vessels by subtracting background structures from images. It outlines the principles of DSA, including its algorithms and image processing techniques such as Gaussian filtering and histogram equalization. Additionally, it discusses the importance of image registration in aligning images from different modalities for accurate analysis.

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Gia Huy Trương
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12 views15 pages

Lab 1 - DSA

The document provides an overview of Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA), a medical imaging technique used to visualize blood vessels by subtracting background structures from images. It outlines the principles of DSA, including its algorithms and image processing techniques such as Gaussian filtering and histogram equalization. Additionally, it discusses the importance of image registration in aligning images from different modalities for accurate analysis.

Uploaded by

Gia Huy Trương
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Medical Imaging

Lab 1:
Digital Subtraction
Angiography (DSA)
Le Nhat Tan MEng.
Department of Biomedical Engineering
Faculty of Applied Science
HCMUT - VNUHCM
[email protected]

1
Content

1. Review
2. Subtraction Angiography 1:
General Algorithm
3. Subtraction Angiography 2:
with Image Registration
2
1. Review
1.1. What is DSA? (1)
Digital Subtraction Angiography
- Digital Imaging: convert light from Image reconstruction method Medical Imaging technique used to
fluoroscopy into electronic signals. removing or "subtracting" the visualize the inside of blood vessels
Image reconstruction through background structures (such as (arteries, veins, and capillaries)
software. bones, muscles, and soft tissues)
- Storage and Accessibility: from the images, leaving only the
computer systems or networks blood vessels for clearer visualization.

3
1. Review
1.1. What is DSA? (2)

Interventional Guidance Fluoroscopy Real-time Imaging Vascular Visualization


4
1. Review
1.1. What is DSA? (3)

Fig 2. Pre (a) and post (b) treatment of a renal


arteriovenous fistula with a venous sac case

Fig.1: Catheter Insertion guidance with DSA

[1] Ryo Morita et al, Radiology Case Report 17 (10), 2022. Fig 3: Straighten a tortuous right renal artery 5
1. Review
1.2. Principle (1)
Fluoroscopy
real-time imaging

continuous or
pulsed X-ray beam

Traditional light Intensifier


6
[2] X-Ray Imaging Systems for Biomedical Engineering Technology, Chapter: Digital Fluoroscopy: System Components and Principles, Springer, 2023
1. Review
1.2. Principle (2)

flat-panel detectors
directly convert the X-rays into electronic signals

[3] Seibert J.A, Pediatric Radiology 36 (Suppl 2), 173–181, 2006. 7


[4] Reto A Meuli et al, European Radiology 14(9), 1550-60, 2004. Subtraction Angiography
1. Review
1.3. Surgery with DSA Procedure

Pre-contrast-
injection image

Post-contrast-
Patient positioning injection image

Contrast injection 8
[5] Marcel Almendarez et at, JACC: Cardiovascular Interventions vol.12, 19, 2019
Catheter Insertion
2. Subtraction Angiography
2.1. Materials

Computation Resource Prompting by LLM model


9
2. Subtraction Angiography
2.2. Image Processing Techniques: Gaussian filter

• A Gaussian filter is a type of filter


used in image processing to smooth
or blur an image.
• It is based on the Gaussian function,
which is a bell-shaped curve.
• The filter works by averaging the
pixels in the image based on their
proximity to a central point, with the
weights assigned according to the
Gaussian distribution.
10
2. Subtraction Angiography
2.2. Image Processing Techniques: Histogram Equalization

• Histogram Equalization is a
technique in image
processing used to improve
the contrast of an image.

• It works by re-distributing the


intensity levels of an image
so that the histogram of pixel
intensities becomes more
uniform, thereby enhancing
the details and making the
image visually clearer.
11
[6] Sivaiah Bellamkonda and Lavanya Settipalli, Multimedia Tools and Applications 83(4):1-22, 2023.
2. Subtraction Angiography
2.3. Algorithm 1

1. Load Mask and Live Images into grayscales images.


2. Convert images into numpy array
3. Perform the subtraction
4. Normalization/Equalization the result image.
5. Convert the results into integer format.
6. Visualization
Quiz: Purpose of applying Histogram Equalization after subtraction?
Why not applying before? 12
2. Subtraction Angiography
2.4. Algorithm 2
1. Load Mask and Live Images into grayscales images.
2. Convert images into numpy array
3. Applying Gaussian filter
4. Perform the subtraction
5. Normalization the result image.
6. Convert the results into integer format.
7. Visualization
Quiz: Purpose of applying Gaussian filter before and after subtraction?
13
3. Subtraction Angiography 2
3.1. Image Registration
• Image Registration is the process of
aligning two or more images of the
same or different modalities so that
corresponding structures in the
images are correctly aligned.

• This is crucial in medical imaging to


combine information from various
imaging techniques (like MRI, CT
scans, or X-rays), or to track changes
in a patient's anatomy over time.

14
3. Subtraction Angiography 2
3.2. Algorithm
1. Load Mask and Live Images into grayscales images.
2. Convert images into numpy array
3. Perform Image Registration
4. Perform the subtraction
5. Normalization the result image.
6. Convert the results into integer format.
7. Visualization

15

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