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The Thames Tunnel, opened in 1843, was the first subaqueous tunnel and initially served as a pedestrian attraction but failed to be financially successful. It later became part of the London Underground railway system. The document also discusses the construction of the pyramids, debunking myths about their building methods and emphasizing the ingenuity of the Ancient Egyptians.

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9 views

TFNG

The Thames Tunnel, opened in 1843, was the first subaqueous tunnel and initially served as a pedestrian attraction but failed to be financially successful. It later became part of the London Underground railway system. The document also discusses the construction of the pyramids, debunking myths about their building methods and emphasizing the ingenuity of the Ancient Egyptians.

Uploaded by

commentatornew
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN

The Thames Tunnel was a tunnel built under the River Thames in London. It was the first subaqueous
tunnel ever built and many people claimed it was the Eighth Wonder of the World at the time it was
opened. It was opened in 1843 to pedestrians only and people came from far and wide to see the
marvel. The day it was first opened, it attracted fifty thousand people to enter the tunnel and walk its
length of almost 400 metres. The Thames Tunnel was used by people from all classes. The working class
used it for its functional use of crossing from one side of the river to another, while for the middle
classes and upper classes, it was a tourist experience. In the age of sail and horse-drawn coaches, people
travelled a long way to visit the tunnel, but this was not enough to make the tunnel a financial success. It
had cost over £500,000 to complete which in those days was a considerable amount of money.
However, even though it attracted about 2 million people each year, each person only paid a penny to
use it. The aim had been for the tunnel to be used by wheeled vehicles to transport cargo so that it
could bring in a profit. But this failed and the tunnel eventually became nothing more than a tourist
attraction selling souvenirs. In 1865, the tunnel became part of the London Underground railway system
which continues to be its use today.

- The Thames Tunnel was the first tunnel ever built under a river.

- The Thames Tunnel was the Eighth Wonder of the World.

- The tunnel was used more by the middle and upper classes.

- People were able to travel by sea or land in those days.

- The aim of the tunnel was to turn a profit as a tourist attraction.


The most famous pyramid is the Great Pyramid of Giza which is actually only one of over a hundred
surviving pyramids. There is a long-standing question about how the pyramids were built given the lack
of technology over 4,000 years ago but scientists are piecing together the puzzle. The blocks which make
up the pyramids were hewn from quarries and then transported to the pyramids for construction. This
was an incredible feat considering the distance that the raw materials had to travel and their enormous
weight. The transportation of the materials was either by river using a boat or by land using a wooden
sledge. Given the softness of the ground, the wheel would have been of little use had it been invented at
that time. It is believed that the sand in front of the sledge was wet with water in order to facilitate the
movement of the sledge and reduce friction. These sledges were pulled manually or sometimes by using
beasts of burden depending on the ease at which the sledges could move over the ground. Interestingly,
two thousand years after the pyramid-building era of the Ancient Egyptians, the Romans moved stones
using similar techniques at Baalbek. Once the blocks arrived at the pyramid construction site, it is
thought they were moved into place using a ramp and pulley system.

The Old Kingdom period in Ancient Egyptian history is also known as the pyramid-building era. The
Ancient Egyptians achieved the most remarkable feats of building work which have still not been
surpassed, particularly given the primitive technology used to build them. There is nothing remotely
mystical or magical about how the pyramids were built as is commonly thought. Further still, while
popular belief is that the Great Pyramid was built using slave labour, this theory has since been
debunked. The first building made in a pyramid shape is thought to be the Stepped Pyramid which
consists of six steps placed on top of each other in a pyramid shape to create the world’s first
superstructure. The credit to finally achieving a smooth-sided pyramid goes to Imhotep, an architect
commissioned by King Sneferu. The pyramids were not an instant achievement, but the achievement of
trial and error.

TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN

1. The controversy over the method used in the construction of the pyramids has been solved by
scientists.

2. It is possible that Ancient Egyptians could have lubricated paths to aid transportation by sledge.

3. Sledges were dragged by animals, not humans.

4. The Romans learned the techniques of moving huge stones from the Ancient Egyptians.

5. The building work of the Ancient Egyptians is unrivaled.

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