@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK

<br>

+BASED ON ACTIVE RECALL

PHYSICSHACK
XII
for Class XI &

BY PARTH GOYAL
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK

IST EDRTON

PHYSICSHACK &
X(|&
forçlass i

1
NEEL GOYAK (a
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK

A
LETTER FROM THE AUTHOR
Hi

First of all take a deep breath relax, and realise it, you really have a Physics HACK in you hands right
now! You are soon going to outperform in physics in every aspects
that you can ever imagine!

am an MBBS Student la NEET & JEE Ranker, AR I526 in NEET 2023, 98 44Zde in JEE MAINS 2023),
I

and I made this bok during my 2nd Year MBBS. Making thios book was a dream for me, and now it is a
realtyl

So how do l got this idea of PHYHACK" ? Let me tell you the whole story -

During my NEET preparationin 12th grade, my coaching teacher introduced me to a study method that
initally felt overwhelming, IH involved creating formula and theory sheets for every chapter,
soling +0
questions daily and raieuing one chapter's sheet. At first, I hated it because l beieved memorizing formulas
was ineffectie, and the daily practioe felt exhausting Hawever, I decided to stick with it - and turned out
t
to be a game-ohanger This method made me almost unstoppabe in physica. I became so proficient that l could
easily solve even JEE-level questions. My memory improved to the point where l could solve questions from
any chapter without needing to revise, whle many
of my classmates struggled with backlogs.

During the final months of preparation, when time was limited, this method proved invaluable. Instead of
revising the entire syllabus, I simply reviewed the formula sheets and solved a few selected questions I had
marked during my preparation either because they covered essential concepts or highighted my weak areas.
This approach allowed me to revise physics efficiently and effectively
and made me score l10/180 in physics
NEET 2023.

Now l have created this book which contains al the formulas and important theory points
from every
chapter, this is the only book that you will ever need to revise physics in the most efficient way

Writing this book was a dream I nurtured during my preparation days - a dream inspired by my
brother,
who authored two remarkable books, Biohack and Chemhack. Today I am proud to share
that lve turned that
dream into reality, And now, I want the same for you. I want you to secure that college seat
and achieve
every goal you ve set for yourself. Remember, dreams do come true when youre determined to make them
happen.

With lot's of love & happy wishes

Neel Goyal
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK

FEATURES OF THE PHYSICSHACK BOOK

1) All Imp. points of NCERT Covered: All

the important theoretical points
formulae of NCERT are covered. and

2) Essence of Physicshack (Active Recall: Instead of reading your

coaching
module or NCERT solving this book will make you revise formulas with
important
theory in a way that you will be able to remember it for a long tima

3) PYQs highlighted by mentioning (NEET) beside them

4) BMR TABLE: This helps you track how many revisions you
have completd
Don't forget to attain the "BEAST title by
completing 10 revisions!

How to Use?
• For
Students in 11th, 12th having sufficient time before NEET
(Recommended):
o
Revise one chapter daily from this book.
o Solve
30-40 questions from the same chapter
o Mark after revising.
the questions you couldn't solve.
During the next revision,
after revising from this book focus on only the
marked questions.
For Students 3 month
before NEET:
o Solve every
question in this book and give test.
Important Tip:
o Derive formulas
instead of memorizing
Understanding the derivation then.
helps in mastering concepts
physics more enjoyable and moke
and easier.
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK

Contents

PHYSICSHACK
Class XI

Chapters XI
Page no.
1. Basic Maths 1

2. Units and Measurements 9

3. Motion in a Straight Line 14
4. Motion in a Plane 19
5. Laws of Motion 25
6. Work Energy Power 35
7. System of Particles & Rotation 42
8. Gravitation 49
9. Mechanical Properties of Solids 56
10. Fluids
63
1. Thermal Properties 71
12. Thermodynamics 78
13. Kinetic Theory 85
14. Oscillations 89
15. Waves
96
<br>

Contents
@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK

PHYSICSHACK
Class XII

Chapters XI Pageno,
1. Electric Charges and
Fields

2. Electrostatic Potentialand Capacitance

3. Current Electricity
4. Moving Charges and Magnetism 124

5. Magnetism and Matter 129

6. Electromagnetic Induction 136

7. Alternating Current 14

8. Electromagnetic Waves
150
9. Ray Optics
165
10. Wave Optics
Dual Nature of Radiationand Matter
171
11.

175
12. Atoms
I79
13. Nuclei
185

14. Semiconductor Electronics

<br>

-Wor
-(lw
@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK

.
2eni
d

Gma V=J2Gm
m
mass V
M= Gm 4
n
PHYSICSHACKM
Class GM
t-(lwricl
2enth angle

m
Gma V=
Port
mass
V=/GM
M=Gm

2enth angle relakve

gs t GM

F Ir[ _(lwilelsin)a
2enih angle
relahve
U-Wa
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK

Chaptot
BASIC MATHS
Standard form of quadratic equation -
2. Roots
of quadratic equation
-
3.
Sum of roots
4 Product of roots
5. According to binomial approximation
() + )n=
(i) (+ x-n =

(m) - xn =
(|

6. Binomial approximation s only valid when

1 nth term of arithmetic progression formula
8. Sum of terms in AP -
9. nth term of geometric progression formula
I0. Sum of n terms in GP. -

l. If I-H <| then sum of infinite no,

of terms in GP. =

TRIGONOMETRY
I2. =
sin
13. cos =

I4. tan
I5. Write 4 fundamental relations of sin, cos and tan -
I6. sin +
cos0
I1. sinl-0) =

18. For sin

sinl90 - .) -
+ =
l) sin(90 )
(uil sinl80 - 0) =
+ =
(iv sinll80 )
I9 For cos -

() cosl-) =
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK pHYSICSHAC
2
=
li) cos(90 -0)
-
(ui) cos/90 0)
(iw cos(80 - 0) -
lw cosl80 +
0) -

20 For tan
() tanl-9)
(i) tan(90 - 0) -
-
(mi)
tan(90 +0)
(w) tanl180-) -
=
(o)
tanl80 +)
and cos
-

2. Value of sin lies between

22. Value of tan and cot0 can be any real no. T/F
23. Value of secð and cosec cannot be less than l. TVE

24. Trigonometric ratios that are positive in st, 2nd, 3rd and yth uadrant are respectively -
25. sinlA +B) =

26. coslA + B) =

27. tanlA + B) =

28. sinlA - B)

29. coslA - B) =

30. tanl - B) =

31.
- B) =
sinlA + B) + sinlA

32. sinlA +
B)- sinlA - B) =

33. cosA - B) + coslA + B) =

34. coslA - B) - coslA + B) =
35. sin(20) =

36. cosl20) - (3)

37.sin 37°=

38. cos 370

34. tan 37° -
40. sint0=

42. sinA +
sinB =
43. cosA + cosB
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
BASIC MATHS 3

LOGARITHMIC, DIFFERENTIATION AND INTEGRATION

4te. loqalmn)

45. logam -=

46. antlog formula for logax =y

47. What is a natural log?
= nlog1ox =
48. logex here n ?
49. logo2 =

50. log103 =

5. lag1o5 =
= (change base to
52. logax ')
53. logab =
(change base to any number in)
54. Determine the type of graph when

(y oc x
y oc
li
ml y oc
x

x
(iv y oc

55. Straight ine graph equation -

56. m =
57. Equation of circular graph
58. Equation of eliptcal graph -
59. Differentiation of y with respect to x =

60. Differentiation is used to find of graph

6L. Differentiate with respect to x -

dex
dk
dlagew
dx
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
pHYSIGSh
4
lw) dsin
ds

dx
dconstant)
dx

dcx lc= constant)

dx

dy

dlax + b)n

dtand

dx

bu)
da

62. Product rule for duvd

d
63. What is chain rule

64. Chain rule for du

dx

65 d'sin33
dy

66. At maxima or minima

the slope of the graph ie
67. How to find
y
maximum or dx
minimum value
68. If in the above of any equation -
question the equation
is differentiated
again and its value
turns out to be negatve
0 then the position t
of point is at maximal
minima.
64. In indefinite
integration we
always add constant

.
10. Integration
Differeniation
is used to
find
and integration
of graph
at the end. T/F

are the exact

opposite
of each other. T/F
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
5
BASIC MATHS
12 Integrate the flouing with respect to x -

(in) =
f (constant)dk
() Scudk=

=
(vi) lcosecxdk
=
(ui) f(secxtandldk

=
-dx
+b
(xi) eax + b dx =

(ain) =
adk
Bio Multiple Low BMR Medium BMR High BMR BEAST LEVEL
Revision (BMR)

5 6 7
No. of revision

Revision time
(in minutes)

Active space
<br>

PHYSICSHACN
@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
6
ANSWERS
16.1

lar+
bx+ C
=0 I7 -sin
18. () cos0
2. x =
2 cos
()
-b (i) sin)
3 a+ß=
(ivd -sin
4. =
aß
5. () cos
nx (i) sin
)l+
()- nx (n) -sin

()-nx liv) -cos

(u) l+ nx
(w-cos
6.
lal kel
- n - no.
20.
an =
a0 +
(n- Dd here, ao first term, of
l ()-tan
terms, d - common difference

nlag + and
(il cot
=
8.
Sn (n) -cot
4. a= aorn (iul -tan
-I
agll - rn)
I0. Sn =
(u) tan
21.
-l & +l
22. T

I12
P/H here, P - perpendicular 23. T

I3. B/H B - base

24. All sin & cos), tan cot and cos
& & sect

(ASTC)
4. P/B H- hypotenuse
25. sinAcosB + cosAsinB
I5. sin =

cosec 26. cosAcosB - sinAsinbB

cos tanh + tanB

sec 27
|- tanAtanB
tan
cot
28. sinAcosB - cosAsinB
29. cosAcosB + sinAsinB
tan = sin
30 tanh - tanß
cos

|+ tanAtanB
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
7
BASIC MATHS
slope of graph, c
= constant
31. 2sinAcosB 55. y = mx + c here, n =

32. ZcosAsinB y component

56. m =
x component
tan
33. ZcosAcosB

34. 2sinAsinB
57.
+= here, r= radius of circle

35. 2sincos 58. here a = semi mnajor axis,

36. Zcos?0 -| -|- 2sine- cos0 - sin0
b= semi minor axis
37/% dy
38. % 59.
dx
39 4 60. Slape
|- cos29 ng -
61. () -1
40.
2 (i)eX
l+ cos20
4.
2
X
+
42 2sin A B cos A-B (iv) cosx
2 2
(u) -sinx
cos
43 2cos A A +B -B
2 2
4t. loqam + logan (vi) c

45. nlogam dv

46.
a= x dx dk
- 1 x dlax + c)
47. log function with e as base lixl nlax + b)n

48. 2.303

44.0.301
logea
(xi)
50. 0471
51. 07 (xil ax logea

52. 62 udu vdu

lagaa
dx dx
lognb 63. Complex function is differentiated until simple
53.
logna
function is formed
54. () Straight line
nyn- 1 du
(i) Parabola 64.
Ciül, Ciwl, (od - Rectanguar hyperbola
65. 6xcos3x?
(uil Elipse
66. 0
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
8 1
PHYSIC
the equation and put the + C
67 First dtfferentiate n+/
zero, now tind
value obtained fun to be equal to
of eX+ c
()
the value of the 'x and put it in the original + c
(ui) (constantx
minimum or maximum
equation the result wil be the (w) udk + J vdk + c
value of the equation (W

double
cudk
In case there are 2 values of 'x then
(vi) tanx + c
derentiate the original equation and put both
(ui) -cotx + c
values of x obtained one by one, now there willbe
(vi) secx + C
two answer one will be negative and other will be
lax b)n +1
+

postive, the value of'

0 X
corresponding to the postiue lax + bjn +1
answer will give minimum value + D|
ax + b
of the original ln In+ Da
dx
equation when put there and vice versa

68. Maxima,
() Inlax + b) + c
f 9,0 Hhen minima
eax + b

69T a+b
70. Area (xi) Inx + c

(xin)
Ina + c

MEME POINT

when you don't like maths and

aim to become a doctor
Le physics:

Wo to nahi ho payega
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK

Chapten 2
UNITS AND MEASUREMENTS
THEORY
-
I Two types of units
2. What is system of units?
3. Name 3 old systems of units -

4. Base units in CaS, FPS and MKS systems of units respectively are
5. Sl system of units include base units and supplementary units.
6. These units are -
7 Radian and steradian are unit of reapectively
and
9 Parallax method is used for large/small distances.
I0. Methods used to measure small distances -
I. Compare the resolution of optical, electron and tunnling microscopy
12
1=
13. Astronomical unit definiton and value

4. Light year definition

-
and value
-
15. Parsec definition and value
16 I
minute of arc degrae (NEET 2020)

I7.Isecond of arc =_ minute of arc

-
18. Relation between degree and radian (NEET 2020)

11 lypes of errors (2)

20. Systematic errors include - (4)

-
2. Random errors include (2) (NEET 2023)

22. What is he rule for no. of significant figures in the answer whle multiplying or dividing? (NEET 2020)
23. What is he of significant figures in the answer while
rule for na. adding or subtracting? (NEET 2020)
24. Round off - 244, 246, 245, 2.35 to tuo significant figqures -

25. Limitations of dimensional analysis

26 If a physical quantity is dependent.on more than 3 physical uantities and total no.
of dimensions in the
equation is 3 the equation cannot be derived dimensionally TIE

27.Distance travelled in nth = u+ al2n - /2, This equation is dimensionally correct or incorrect.
28. Quantities having same dimensions always have same unit. T/E
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK

10 dimensions T/E PHYSIC

must have same (NEET
or subtraction the quantites
For additon
29
30 Dimensionless quantity can have units but unitless quantity
cannot have dimes)
(NEET 2024. 22)
Sohd angle. strain and
ange have no dinensions. /F
3 -
Dmensions of magnetc permeabilty (NEET 2022)
32
enerqy - (NEET 202)
33 Dimenstons of
-
34. Dinensions of sfress (NEET 2020)
measure - (NEET 2020)
35 Spherometer is used to

FORMULAE

36.d2 (sold angle =

31 Dstance of an object by parla: method

=

38. In volumetric analysis thickness =

()
39. Absolute error =

40. Relative error =

4 Percentage error = (NEET

2020)
42 Least count of vernier callipers or vernier
constant - (NEET 2024, 19)
43. Reading of vernier
calipers =
4 Least count in screw
gauge =
45. Pitch = (NEET 2020)

46. Reoding of screw

gauge = (NEET 2022)
47.z± Az = la
t Aal +
(b± AB) the maximum permissible
48. 2
t Az lat Aal x (b ± Ab) the maximum permissible error in z is -
=

49. Az = error in z is - (NEET

lat Aa
the maximum permissible
error
Z023)
Aaßb
in z is -
50. IFX X
then - (NEET
209)
51.
X
When resistors
are connected in
52. Formula parallel the error in
used tor Ke =
unit conversion -

TOPPER'S
THOUGHT
• Dont waste
time memorising
wil appear in
the dimensions
later chapters. of constants here
because they
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
UNITS AND MEASUREMENTS

Bio Multiple Low BMR

Medium BMR High BMR BEAST LEVEL
Revision (BMR)
8
No. of revision 2 3 6

OTOO O
Revision time
(in minutes)

Active space
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK

12

ANSWERS 20 lnstrumental,
experimental.
personal
THEORY count errors
derived units
Fundamental units and 21 Least count errors and
l both base and errors
units incuding
Complete set of
2 unpredictable fuchuatons
intemperature
derived unts suply ete
and MKS
3 CaS, FPS 22. lhe answer must not have
- centimeter, gram and second signiticant
4 Cas
more than the measurement with
FPS - foot, pound and second taywer
figures siant
MKS
- meter, kilbgram and second
23. The answer must not have decimal
and 2
57
than the measurement
second ampere, kelvin, mole and
- meter, with fewer
6. Base
k decimad
poa
candela
24. 24, 25. 24, 24

Supplementary - radan and steradan

25 L
Alldimensionally correct
equations are n
physicaly correct
7 Plane angle and solid angle
2.Exact relationship
9 Large between physicl quantie

I0. Optieal microscqpe, electron micrascape tunneling having same dimensions cannot be vertl
microscopy and volumetric analusis 3. The value
of constant cannot be deternire
Tunneling > electron > optical
26. T, ex - T - 2Tt ,in this equatian we
I2 10-1° m
mgl
3. Distance between sun and earth, cannot determine the power of l, m, and l
sig
IAU - 1496 x (011 dimensional analysis.
m

4 Distance travelled by light in vacuum in a year, 27. Correct, this equation ooks dimensioraly nor

lly= 946 x (015 m

but if we look at its derivation we uil be abk t
I5. Distance
at which average radius of earths orbit tigure out how it is dimensionally correct
subtends an angle ot arc
l second
26 F. angular velocity and frequency hat same
parsec =
308 x \016 m
dimensions but different unit

29. T
60
30. T

60 31 T
I8. 2Tt radian =
80° 32. [MLT-A-2)
19. Systematic and
random 33. [ML?T-2]

34. (ML-1T-2]
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
UNITS AND MEASUREMENTS 13

35. Radius of curvature of a curved surface 43. MSR + VSR X LC - zero

error
• FORMULAE Pitch
44
CSD
45. LC x CSD

D Basis 46. MSR+ CSR × LC - zero error

37
47 Az = Aa+ Ab
V
38
A

amean
34 5la Az
cX
LO Aamean A

amean X A B
44 Aamean X (00 AR1
R
amean Re' Rz

I
42 MSD-|VSD 52. ngu1 = n2u2

MEME POINT

Styding physics from a tutor

Styding physics from a freind

Styding physics from PhysicHack

<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK Cupte
STRAIGHT LINE
MOTION N
INA
THEORY
E
dieplacement and dstance
Define
I assumed to be at
rest /F
2.Observer is
aluays

of Awith recpect to B ie. VAB

Vebcity scalarvector quantity
3 displacement is
quantity whle
length is scalar/vector
4 Path displacement can be
-ve, +ve or ves Te
motion path length is
aluays +ve while
5,During
can never decrease with time. T/E
length and displacement
6 For moving partioles path
magntude of dsplacement
can be greater than or equal to the path lenath TE
1 The

8 For mouing particle distance

can be negative or zero IE
9. An abject may have varying velocity uithout haing varying speed 1/F
average velocity 1/F
l0.Average speed is the magnitude of
velocity is constant then speed uil ahuays be constant. TIE
If constant than velacity wil alvays be constant.
12 T/F
f sped ia

3. For mouing particle the averaqe speed can be zero if t - infinite. T/F
4. What is instantaneous velocity?
5. lH
for an object to round a curve with constant acceleration. T/F
is possible

I6. Velocty is a scalar quantity while speed a

is vector quantity T/F
n What is free fal?
18. Value of q on
earth =

9. tis possible to have a situation in du

which
0 but - dlul =0. T/F
20. The above condition
dt
is followed in
motion.

FORMULAE

21.I
k/h=n msec, heren =
22. vinst =

23. ainst
24. Write 3 equation
of motion under
25. Write 2 uniform acceleration
equations - (NEE)
of motion under
non-uniform
acceleration -
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
15
MOTION IN A STRAIGHT LINE
26. Distance travelled in nth second (sp) - (NEET 2021)
27 Average veocity -
28. Average speed -
24 Average veooty when particle mouing in a straight ine and covering equal distance with vlocity v and vz
-
(INEET 2023, 19)

30. 1f in above question there are n number of velocities and particle is traveling same distance with each of
them then the average velocity -
vy vz for equal
31. Average velocity when particle moving in a straight ine and covering with velocity and
interval of time -
32. 1f in above question there are n number of velocities and particle is traveling for same amount of time then
=
the average velocity
=
33. Draw x-t graph when li) v = 0, a 0

(il v= constant, a =
0
(im) v= constant, a =
constant
34. Body is moving with uniform acceleration, vx graph is given as
35 in free fall from rest the ratio of distance traversed by body during equal intervals of time can be qiven
as -
(NEET 2022)

36 A car accelerates from rest at a constant rate a for some time after which it decelerates at a constant
rate ß and comes to rest If total time elapsed is t, then maximum velocity and distance travelled by car wall

be- (NEET)
north

Digall
37. If particle A is at distance dy from oriqin and
dy - vyt
mouing from west to east with speed v and
d
particle B is at distance dz from origin and moving
from south to north with speed v2 as shown in west east
Digall, then find out
d2
() Distance of the closest approach (r.
Ci) Time of closest approach (t).

south
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK

PHYSICSHACH
16
High BMR BEAST LEVEL
Low BMR Medium BMR
Bio Multiple
Revision (BMR) XX
4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1 2 3
No. of revision
ololo
Revision time
(in minutes)

Active space
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
MOTION INA STRAIGHT LINE 17

ANSWERS
THEORY 22 du vdu
or or
-
Displacement shortest path between initial and
= u+ at
final position 24. v

-
Distance actual path length in motion
2
2.T
3. VAB - VA - VB
=+
v = u +
2as

25. J adt
4. Scalar, vector

5.T
6. F.displacement can decrease.
2
7F. magnitude of displacement is equal to or less
27. total displacement
than path lenqth total time
8.F total distance
28
9. 1, as seen in uniform circular motion total time

IO. F, only true in case of motion in straight line

292.I Vay V1
without changing direction

30n Vav
.+ ....
Vn
I2. F
13. T
3/. Vay =(vy + v
2
4. The velocity of object at aparticular instant 32. Vav = (vy + v2+ v3..Vn
during a given interval
33. ()
5. T, as in case of projectile motion X

16.F. opposite is true

In. When only aceleration on body is graity
I8.48 m/s2
14. T, but vice versa is talse
20. Uniform circular

Formulae
21. (5/18). always multiply the ()
knh value with (5/18)
to obtain in m/sec

22
4dt
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK

18
PHYSICSHA,
35 Ratio of odd numbers
starting from I ie
x (m 13:5:7...

36 vBT
a +B S=
2la + B)
37 (G)
r=dzvy - dhvg

t(s)
34
v
v1+
Don't memorise
these formulas, instead
Hhe least Itocalculate
distance and time,
obtain the function of
time and distance
and find the maxima by
diferentiating and
putting the value obtained
of f,
to be equal to zero.

MEME PoINT

My gf sald:- she
need some Time & distance

is she calculating
speed?
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK

Chapto4
MOTION INA PLANE
THEORY
What is scalar quantity?
2. What is vector quantity?
3 Examples of vector quantities -
4 If vector S PQ hen the direction of this vector is -

5 Maqnitude of vector S is denoted as -

-
6. Two vectors are said to be equal only when

7fa vector shifs parallel to itself it remains unchanged TIE

8 Does a physical quanty hauing direction and magnitude aluays imply that itis a vector?
q What is zero vector?
10, Unit vector =

|L Unit vector is used for -

I2 Unit vectors used to represent x y andz axis are -
13. What happens when vector is mutipled with in when n<0
14. lfa vectoris maltiplied by zero it wil have no magnitude and directon. T/F
15. While adding two vector A and B we move one vector parallel to itself such that the head of one vector
coincide with the tail of the another. T/F
16. Resultant of 3 non-coplanar vectors may be zero. 1/F
I7 The tuo properties of vector addition are -

18 The direction of scalar product is -

-
I9. Scalar product is commutative ie. A. B-B.AUE
20 Scalar produc is dstributive ie - A(B.G-ÄB. CIIE
21. Vector product is commutative ie. -Ax B-Bx ATIE
22. Vector product is distributive ie -Ax
(B. -7x B.Bx CUE
-
23. The direction of velocity at any point on the path can be given by

24. Horizontal velocity of projectle always remains constant. T/F

same speed have angle complementary to each other, their horizontal
25. If tuo projectiles projected with

ranges are equal 1/F

to velocity vector. T/F
26. In uniform circular motion acceleration vector is perpendicular
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK PHYSICSHAC
202L)
20 are constant 1/F (NEET
velocity and acceleration
circular motion
27. In uniform circular motion.
in uniform
directon of acceleration
28. What is the

FORMULAE
Diga&l)
-
B Digall
29.Paralleloqram law of vector addition

- R
(O Magnitude of Resutant vector
of Resultant vector
-

li) Direction
A

30. The subtraction of vector B from vector A is actually the sum of A and -B T/E
=
3L If Hthe maqnitude of vector A and vector Bis equal then the magnitude of resultant vector
32. IF the maqitude of tuo vectors is equal and then find the value of resultant vector if e -

(i) 0 -60°

(iu) - 120o

()0-1800
33. Properties of null vector

DigaQ2
34. Vector depends upon
the frame of reference. B
T/F

35. The rectangular component Py P

of vector P ie Py and Py in
Digal2 is

36. IF =
P P+ P then P - and direction of vector =
ie
DigaQ3
31. Relation between
P. Q and R in Digal.3 -
is
Q)
D

CE
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
21
MOTION IN A PLANE
38. When point P have co-ordinate (x z) then its position in vector form -
39, When particle moves from point (x. y. z) to lo y2 2) then it's displacement vector =

40. What is scalar product?

-
42 f- j kk -?
43 j-jk- ki-?
45. How to find angle between two vectors?
46 What is vector product?
-
47 of vector product is
The direcion
-
48 Self cross product ie Ax A=
49. In case of unit vector -fxf-fx-kxk=
50. In case of orthogonal unit -

(wkxý

-
52. If tuo vector A & B are paralel to each other then
532 rules used to find direction in cross product -

54. Area of parallelogram =

55. Area =
of triangle
56. Equation of trajectory
57. Time of flight =

=
58. Max height (NEET 2023)

59. Horizontal range =

60. For maximum horizontal ranqe b =

61. =
Horizontal eloaty of projectile
62. Vertical velocity =
of projectle
=
63. Angular speed (w)
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK PHYSICSH

22
w= in terms of v
and r
64. MO
=
65. ac l2)
force = (NEET 2024)
66. Centripetal
67. Time period =

68 Frequency -
L P

=
69 Radius of curvature of path a dire
according to rule
x = a sinWt and coswt 1he path of particle
70.A particle moves in x-y plane
F
2.

obe
INEET)
a. Now each
standing on the vertices of a regular sided polygon of side
n 3. [
7. Ifn no. of persons are person

mouing towards the person standing at the adjacent

corner with same speed u They will meet af u imp
starts
=
center of polygon after time
=
(NEETD 5
72. Speed of the projectile at highest point of trajectory

Bio Multiple Low BMR Medium BMR High BMR BEAST LEVEL
Revision (BMR)
8
No. of revision 5 6 10 ve

Revision time
(in minutes)

Active space
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK 23
MOTION IN A PLANE

ANSWERS
• THEORY 19. T

LPhysical quantity having only magnitude but no 20. T

direction
2L F, but A
xB=-BxA
2. Phyoically quantity having magnitude direction and 22. T
tangent to the path at that point in the
obeying law of vector alqebra are called vector. 23. Drawing

3. Displacement, velocity acceleration, momentum, direction of motion

impulse, weight, thrust ete 24. T

4. Form P to Q 25. T

5. /SI or S 26. T
27. F, velocity and acceleration are not constant as
6. They have same magnitude and same direction
direction is changing but speed is constant.

8 No. for being vector quantity must obey lauw of 28. Along the radius ie. towards the centre

vector Algebra • FORMULAE

29. () R- IRI - IA+BI - VR. B+2ABcos
Example- current is a physical aty having both
magnitude and direction but is scaler quantity is as it = Bsin
(i) tan
doesn't obey law of vector algebra.
A
+Bcos
30. T
9. Vector with zero magnitude and arbitrary direction

(not known). 31. R =

2Acos
2
10. Vector dvided by its unit magnitude
32. (G)
2F, (H) FV3, (i) FV2, (iw) F, () O

IA
34. T
II.
Determination of direction of vector
k
35. P, - P cos)
12 ]and
changes n times and direction get
P, - P sin
I3. Magnitude
-
reversed 36. P
VP.+P0- tan1y
Px
I4. F,. vector will retain it's direction
P R
31.
I5. T
sinß SinC sin
16. F
-
38. OP- + yj +
zk
n (G Commutative ie. A-B-B.
lad Associative ie - A.
B+-4-B. 40. Product of maqnitude of tuo vectors with cosine
-
18. IH has no direction of
angle b/w them. Represented as -AB AB cos
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK PHYSICSHA

24 Zvgsin
57 T=
9

42.1 - sint0
= 58 H
cos90° 0
43|X 2
sinlcosf VoZsin20
59 R= Zo
45 Frst calculate the dot product using the
-
IÄUBlcos) 9
vectors ie
magnitude of indvdual 60 450
Now calculate the dot product of two vector by 6l. vx = Vocos
-
AB
normal method ie 62. y= Vosin)- gt
cos
Now equate both answers and find the value of
and then which is the required answer
63. w = where Ao - angular displacenent
u6. Vector having magntude equal to the product of 2Tt
64
magnitude of two vectors uith sin of angle b/w them. W==
r
47 Perpendiclar to the plane containing both the
65. ac = Wr
vectors
48 o nullvector) 66. T =
mrw'
440 nullvector)
50.

68. v =

69. r=Ve where

an =
component of acceleration normal to
the veloct
70. Circular

5I ABz- AB) -
jA:B, - A,B) + a
kA,B, - AB
52. ay v-v cos2T/n)
bx by azKlconstant
bz
> 0)
12. v= horizontal
velocity = vcos
53. Right hand screw
rule, Right
S4. Area = hand thumb
rule MEME POINT
Ax
BI, where -
A& B are adjacent Rember F" in physics
side) stand for FUN
55. ValA x BI

56. y = tanx
2vo

exactl
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK

Chapto5
LAWS OF MOTION
THEORY
L Aristotle's law
2.Aristotle 's law is now proved wrong T/E

3 /st law of motion is also called as

4 First law was given by

-
5.
/st law states
-
6 Inertia can be defined as

1 Inertia is directly proportional to

-

8 How many types of inertia are there?

acceleration of
an astronaut gets separated from his spaceship with an acceleration of lO m/s, then the
9
f out of the spaceship - (assuming there is no gravitation field around him)
astronaut the instant after he is

2nd law is a -
0

IL
2nd law states
12.
In F=ma only forces are considered
13. No forces are included
4 Acceleraton is independent of -
I5. Momentum can be defined as -
-
l6. S. unit of momentum
n. Dimensional formula of momentum
I8. (st law can be derived from second law (T/F)
19 Action and reaction act on same body (T/F)
20. Action occurs before reaction (1/F)
21. Graphs -

() When m is constant graph ot p vs

-
() When v is constant graph ot p vs m
(in) When p is constant graph of v vs m

22. 3rd law states -

23. 3rd law mathematically -

24. According to 3rd law force always OCCurs In

<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
PHYSICSHAS,
26
25. What is force?

26 Force is a ----quantity
-
27 Force Sl unit
-
28 Force CGS. unit
-
29. Dimensional formula of force

30 How many types of forces are there?

-
Examples of contact forces
32 Examples of distant forces -
33. Sl. unit of impulse
34. Dimensional formula
of impulse
35. Impulse IS a quantiy
36. Nature of the impusive force
37. The resultant of a no.
of balanced forces is

38. Balanced force can change

_of abod but not
moving body -ofa moving body and
of static or

39.The resultant
of a no. of unbalanced force is
40.Unbalanced force can
change both
4l. Rocket propulsion
follws
&
-of abod

42.Spring force is due to -

43. Normal reaction
is always. to the surface in contact
44. Tension is activelreactive
force
45. What happens
to the tension on
different points when
() String has mass
(Gi)
String is massless
46. Relation
betwen Ty and
T, in Digal.! when DigaQl
47. Apparent the string has
weight in a lift when mass AM

(0 Ift
is going upwards
F
with acceleration -
a
() liff is going downwards
48. In free with acceleration

49. What
fll apparent
weight =
willhappen
if lift is accelerating
50. What downward
is the cause with acc.
51.
of friction? More than q -
What are
the types
of friction?
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
LAWS OF MOTION 27
52. Kinetic friction is also called

53 Does kinetic friction depend on the velocity of body?

54 When will the friction acting on a bod is equal to zero?
55. Explain the self-adjustable nature of static frichion.

56. What is imiting friction?

57. What will be the direction of friction?

58. What are the types of dynamic friction -

-
59 Roling friction is

60. In roling motion the velocity at the point of contact with the surface is aluays zero T/E
-
61. Sliding friction is
62. Coefficient of limiting static friction is defined by -

63. What will be its dimensions?

64. What would be its unit?
65. l+ is depends on

66. Friction is independent of area of contact and speed of particle (T/F)

67. Coefficient of kinetic friction depends on normal reaction. T/F
68. Value of Pk depends on -

69. Roling friction is around times smaller than sliding or static friction.

10. araph between force applied and force of friction (Diga&.2) Diga&.2

i Here, part of OA represent

A
i Point A represents
in. BC portiorn B
Value of static friction can be more than that of

kinetic friction in same conditions. T/F

on road is possible due to presence of kinetic/static friction.
Walking on road or acceleration of car
12. Moisture increase/ decrease friction
73. What is cold welding
14. What is angle of repose -
-
15. What is banked road and level road
76. Pseudoforce is experienced in
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
PHYSICSA
28

FORMULAE
-
71. 2nd law mathematically

78. Momentum mathematicaly

79,. Conservation of momentum

-
80. Relation between CaS. unit and S. unit

8l. Impulse formula - (NEET 202)

Thrust on rocket =

83. Vlocity of qun after recoil =

=
84. Spring force Digal3
85. Find value of tension in Diaal3

) At point x when
(a His stationary Ms--
(G) Accelerating upuards Digals

(d Accelerating dounwards

86 The values
of force, tension and acceleration in
Digal4 respectively are - (NEET
2020)
87. The value Diga&5
of tension in string and acceleration
in DigaQ.5 is

Digal6
88. The value
of tension in Diga.6 is

89. Net acceleration

in Digal.7
() and lil are
Digal 7

a4
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
LAWS OF MOTION 29

DigaQ.8
q0 Relation between
I and T2 Digal8 when
puley and string are massless
(i) sting is massless but pulley is rough and has mass
T2
T
m1 > m2
=
q Force due to sliding friction
=
42 Force due to roling friction
43. Angle of friction is defined by and ite formula is m29

m19
N
q4. In Digal9, Resultant force = DigaQ.9 R

95 Work done against friction in -

iSiding upa rough inchine surface inclined at angle

i. Sliding over a horizontal surface

=
6. In Pully problem (Diga& O) for limiting condition value of
DigaQl0
i I.

A2 2

2 For motion of car on level road the friction

=
required
98. The max velocity of
can
car on level road be

on banked road =
99. Max velocity of car
Digall

on a banked road
I00. Resolve all the forces for motion of a car
shoun in Digal.l -
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK

PHYSICSHAC
30
on level road DigaQ I2
IO1. Resolve allthe forces for bending of cycist
-
shown in Digal2

Digal3

I02 In Diqa&I3, Reading of spring balance =

pring
F= 10 N balance

Bio Multiple Low BMR

Revision (BMR) Medium BMR High BMR BEAST LEVEL

No. of revision 2
6

Revision time
(in minutes)

Actve epace
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK 31
LAWS OF MOTION

ANSWERS
. THEORY 2
p
L Anexternal force is required to keep a body in
m
motion

2.T
3 Law of inertia
4 Newton, based on Galileo's law of inertia
5 Every body continues to be in its state of rest or
of motion in astraight line unless compelled by some
osternal force to act otheruise
6 Resistance to change
7 Mass

83 types

() inertia of rest p= constant

(i) inertia of motion
(i) inertia of direction

4 Zero
I0. Vector law
IL
Rate of change of momentum of a body is directly 22. For every action there is an equal and opposite

praportional to the applied force & takes place in the reaction and both act on different bodies

directon of applied foroe. 23. F12 =-Fz1

I2.
24. Pairs
External
25. a push or pull
13. Internal
26. vector
l4. History of motion.
27. NewtonlN)
5. Quantity of a motion in a body
28.Dyne
I6. kam/s
29. (MLT-2]
In MLT-1
-
30. 2 types () Contact forces and
I8. F. 3 laws are independent
(i) Distant/Field forces
I9 F, dfferent bodies but forces are applied by these
31. Frictional, tensional, spring, normal torces
bodies on each other
32. Electrostatic, gravitational, magnetic forces
20. F, both occur at same time
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
PHYSICSHA
32 56 The max friction torce, it applied force ul
33. Na or kgms
body move, leauing its static positon
34. (MLT-)
57 Always opposes the motion
35. Vector
-
very large and 58. There are tuo types
36.Aets for ery short time but Fis
momentum () Roling friction, (i) Siding fricton
produces a tinite change in
59 When objects such as wheel rolls over a
3 zero surt.
60. T
38 Shape, drecton, state form static to moving or
61. Opposing force which
VIce versa
over surtace
acts when one bod is
s
39 not zero
40. Shape & drection 62. Ratio of force
of limiting friction and normal
4. Law of conservation of momentum reaction ie. - =
FIN

2 electromagnetic forces 63. Dimensions - M°LOT0

43. Perpendicular
64. Unitles
44. Reactive
65. Material and nature
of surface.
45. () tension at different points will be different, 66. T
(i) constant throughout
67 F
46. T2 <
T 68. Nature of surface in contact
47 (0 T= m lq+ a apparent weight is more
69. 2-3
(i) T= m lq- a apparent weight is less 10. i Static friction it increases with
48.T-0 increase in
applied as is
49. body willbe
lifted from floor it self adjusting
to ceiling
50. Resistin motion by bonding
between the body and
i Liniting friction
Kinetic friction,
surtace. Doesnt change with
apliedtorct
5. There are three types
() static friction
of friction
. Static
(G) limiting friction 12. Increase

(i) kinetic friction 73. When

surface become too smooth the friction
52. Dynamic friction
increase
53. No 4. Maximum
angle of inclination of a rough inclined
54. When body
is at rest plane with horizontal
kept t oni
and no puling such that the block
force is acting on or pushing
it. remains at rest
55. IH changes
itself in accordance 15. Banked - circular
with the apparent road with inclination, level
force and always
equals to circular road
Fnet or less.
76. Non inertial
frame
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
LAWS OF MOTION 33
•FORMULAE Tap - Tan 0, in this when acceleration is in same
mdu
71 F
=
direction as T then we add it and if in opposite
= ma
dt
direction we subtract i)
78. P = mv

a3 = a2 a1
79, If no net torces are acting on a body then totl (ii)
2
momentum is conserved ie -

mqui t m2u2 = mmvy t m2v2

=
80. N
I0 Dyne
1

&l Impulse

=
-udm
=
force x time =
change in momentum
92 F = , where
82 F
dt N= normal reaction, r =
radius of rolling object
where, u = exhaust speed of burnt qases 93. Angle of friction is defined as the angle between

83. v2 = Tm1v1 the resultant of limiting friction and normal reaction.

m2
Formula - tan =F
84 F=-kx, where x is
the compression or elongation
tan =
T Us
85. () (a)

(Msx
(6) T = 45.

iW =mqx lsin +
lcosl. here
distance covered by object
W
Umgx
86. F = 4mm2g
2T- 96.
(mq + m2
m2
(my + m2 m1

mmm2g m29 m2
87T= mqcos - tan
(mg + mg m + m2
(mmmz)lsinc+ sinßlg = = mv2
7.
F centripetal force
88. T
(m + m2)
Y8. Vmax =
84. (G)
a3= a1a2 to aet this equation -
Ro(us tan) +

2 49.
Vmax =

VI-ustan
lassume the tension in the strings and mutiply the

tensions with the acceleration on the same string

and I00. Ncos =
m+ fsin

- = mu
add all the value and equate it to zero ie. Zlag +
Nsin + foos

r
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK PHYSICSHAs

34 IOL Rsin
m2 Rcos
Ncos R
r
Rcos = mg

>Rsin

mg
fZo Vfsino
I02. 70 N
m

MEME POINT

F= ma

F= dp/dt
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK

Chapte, 6
WORK ENERGY POWER
What is work?
Work is a scalar quantity still it can be positive, negative or zero. 1/F
3 Positive work on an
arbitrary system means a transfer of enerqy to the system.
What are the conditions to have - () positve, (i) negative and
1/
liil zero work
=
5, Work S. unit
-

6 Work CGS. unit

1|J=-- erg
8 Gravitational S. unit of work -
4lkg m=J
IO. Gravitational CGS. unit of work

lq -- erg
cm =

12. Ikq m =
--g cm
=
3.I calorie
4, Work done by elasto force during stretching or compression ia negativel positive.

I5 KE is a scalar/vector quantity
I6. KE. depends upon frame of reference T/F
n.
KE. can be negative. TIF
I8. The work done by varying force during a round trip is always zero. T/E
19If netforce on a system is zero, then the net work done by dlifferent forces acting on system may be non

zero T/E
20. What is potential energy' VB
Z1. Uhange in potential enerqy for a conservative force
VCe
can be defined as -
VTC
22. Work done by conservative force only depends on the

initial and final position not on the path 7F

23. Total mechanical enerqy is constant if

24. The minimum velocity

.

at point A,
-
B and C are respectively AIA
B

-
when in this vertical circular motion (VCM) VA
A

(0 The object is attached to a string

(G) The object is attached to a rod Mg
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
PHYSICSHA
36
= 2020)
at an point on the circle in above question (NEET
25. lension in string
constant during vertical circular motion. T/F
26. The mechanical enerqy willremain

27. What wil happen if velocity at point A is less than V5gr in VCM when object is attached to
astring
28. Hooke's law -

24.Equivalent spring constant when 2 springs are are arranged in series and parallel respectively

30. The Ke when a spring is cut into n equal parts -

3. Spring force is conservativel non-conservative.

32. W, (by spring forcel =

33. Work done by spring elastic

force during stretching is positive
and during compreing is negative. T/E
34. Potential enerqy stored in compressed or
stretched spring = (NEET 2023)
35. If a block is extended to xm
and released from rest, its total mechanical enerqy
at any point x
(where -xm<x< tXm is qiven by -
36. The speed and KE. wil be
maximum for this block at point.
31. This maximum
speed =
38.Change in potential energy
by conservative =
force
34. Non-conservative
force has no relation
with potential enerqy.
40. Other 3 differences
between conservative
l/F
and non-conservative
forces
4E (in terms of
mass)
42. What is power?

43 P - (NEET 2024, 22, 21)

45.I hp lin
f B/s) =

46.Ikilowatt hour
47. In a horizontal
pipe to obtain n
times water
48. Power of horizontal pipe than before power
(for water should be
increased times
49. Power of horizontal
pipe (for motor)
=
50.Total linear momentum
is conserved
51. In
elastic collision in all colsion
there is no loss T/F (NEET 2024)
52. In inelastic of KE. T/F
collision
there is no loss
53. In inelastic of KE. T/F
colsion approaching
54. In a completely
inelastic colision
speed s always qreater than
separation speed
55. Greater the particles start l/F
the difference
in mass lesser
to move together
the after collsion. TIE
transfer of enerqy
in inelastic
collision.
1/
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK 37
WORK ENERGY POWER
56.Maximum energy transfer
-
betuen projectle and target is when

57 ncollision
there must be physical contact. T/F
=
(e)
58 Coefficient of restitution
54 Value of e for
-
() elastic collsion, (i) inelastic clision, (i) completely inelastic collision
vz = 20O19)
60 For any type collision v (NEET
&

=
6. Loss of kinetic enerqy in inelastic collsion
masses are the same in elastic collision
62 What happens to the velocities after collision if the

masses are equal and target is at rest then Q + P.

63. In 2D when

64. In superelastic colision KElfinal) is equal to KEinitial) T/F 2

65. In stable equiibrium PE. is (minimum maximunm) and

d
66. In unstable equilibrium PE. (minimum/ maximum) and

67. In neutral equilibriam,

you dont remember any formula?

68. How to solve collision questions if
-
rest max. elongation in spring (l) & (2) will be
69 If mass m released from then
)

701 eV =
Joules (NEET 2020)

FORMULAE
. Work = (by constant force)
12 Work
= (by variable force) (NEET 2019)

73. KE (n terms of momentum

74. KI) - KG) =

=
75. Gravitational potential enerqy at height h
76. Mechanical energy =
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK

PHYSICSHAC
38
Medium BMR High BMR BEAST LEVEL
Bio Multiple Low BMR
Revision (BMR)

2 3 5 6 9 10
No. of revision
ololoolololOO
Revision time
(in minutes)

Active space
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
WORK ENERGY POWER
39

ANSWERS
.THEORY 24. (0 VA - V5gr. VB - VSyr. Vc - vgr
|The product of the component of Hhe force in Hhe Gid VA - V4gr. VB - V2gr. Vc - 0
rection of the displacement and the magnitude
of
25. T- mU-2mg + 3mgcos®)
this displacement ie - scalar product of force and r
dsplacement 26. T
2.T 27. The particle willfolow the circular motion until it
3.1, vice versa is also true has sufficient velocity and after that it will posses
4..()0< 40° (i) is between 90° and 1800 projectle moton

here
(u) eitherF or d
-
or both are zero
angle between force and displacement
- 40 28. Fs

29. Series
=
-Kx

5. Joule

6 Erg Paralel Ke - K + K2

30. Ke =
110 erg nk
31. conservative
8 Kgm

q 32 k2
48J
2
I0.g cm
33. F, it is negative during both stretching and
cm = 980 erg
Ilq
12, 105
compressing

13. 4186 J 2
4, Negative
m
E kxm
I5. Scalar
35
2
16. T
36.equibriam
nE.tis aluays positive 31. By enerqy conservation
-
kXm
2
2
18. F 2 2
19. T, when a bullet is kxm
fired trom a qun Thus Vm
m
20. Form of stored enerqy by virtue of position or =
38. dU -Fdk
configuration.
39. T
2. Negative of work done by the force
40. () Work done byconservative force
T
is reversible
22
while by non-conservative torce it is not reversible
Z3. Force applied is conservative
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK

40
pHYSCE
(i) Work dorne by conservative force is
60. v1 = -emglu1+
independent of the path of the body and depends only (|+elmgun
m1 + mn2
on the starting and end points while by non (mg- m1t m2
V2 = emu2 + elmu
conservative it is not independent
of the path m1
t m2
Gm) n conservative force
if starting and end points 6. mmglu - -
are same then
-K uz)|
the work done is zero while in non
62. Velocities
conservative force qet interchanged
if starting and end points
same then
are 63.Q + P - 90
the work is not
necessaril zero.
64. F, KElfinal
4E= mc is greater
42. Time rate 65. Minimum, +ve
at which work is done
= W
66. Maximum,
43. P W =
Fv
-Ve
67. Zero
44. 746 W
68. () For
lastic colisions
45. 550
ft Ib/s conserve linear
46. 36 x I06J momentum
andenergy
(i) For inelastic
colisions -
42,3 conserve
apA
linear momerntum
48. and find relation
initial and bets
final velocities
by using coeffiient
restitution of
50.T
51. T (i) For completely inelastic
colisions
conserve
52. F linear momentum
and for final velocthes
53. T particles will move
together after collsion
ie they
54 T have same velocities

55. T These methods

are applicable
for both lD and 2D
56. M, = collision
M2
51.F 69. Let the
bod go down by x metre
Now x
58. e = velocity of separation x= x1 + Zx2
(trick
to get this equation
velocity after collision the tension on the sprinas, now
of approach before the elongation
collsion ot T
V2- V1 spring willbe proportional
to the tensior)
59, () e = at spring T
| (i) e<l(n)
e -ky
0 at spring 2: 2T =
-kxz
2(kxy)
=-kxz, 2x1 =
put in x2
eql
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
WORK ENERGY POWER 41

(-mgl -0-0
by putting value of x1 and vzx- lOmgk
70 16 x \O-19 J
00000
• FORMULAE
W-F- Fdcos)

=
72 W

73. KE
-s
- P²/2m
x Fde

x= X1
2Z2). x = 5x1, x1 X and xg =

-
5 5
By work energy principle 75. Un = mgh
=
We. Wnc +
Wext Kf- Ki 76. KE.+ PE.

MEME POINT
Air resistance exists*
Le physics questions

fou have no
plece in
You come from nothing. ining
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK

Cnptor7
SYSTEM OF PARTICLES &
ROTATION
Position
T
of centre of
mass -
NEET 2022, 20)
=
2. Mem)
integral form) for riqid continuous bodies
a no of laminar objects are placed -
3. Formla for calculating centre of maslCOM) if
4, COM of -

0 Uniform rod
li) Triangular lamina

(u) Solid cone -

lw) Semicircular -
ring

() Semicircular disc -

(ui) Solid hemisphere

-
(vi) Hollw hemisphere -
(vi) Hollouw cone -

=
5. vlom)
6. a'lcm) =

1 While talking about

the force on centre of mass only
external internal forces are
8. Ifa bomb is
thrown into the air and
considered.
it explodes and its shells are
its centre of mass projected in different directions,
stil follw its oriqinal now wl
trajectory or not.
4 v= (in terms of omegal
I0.
T - (NEET 2020)

I2.
If T
0 then angular momentum
will be conserved.
1/F
13 dz

In above condition
for equibrium relation
4. Mechanical between
advantage = d, dz Fy and Fz will be -
(NEET 2021)
I5. Mechanical
advantage qreater
I6. Define than l means a
centre large effort
of gravity is required to
I1. Centre lift the load
of mass and centre 1/+
of gravity always
coincide.
1/F
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
SYSTEM OF PARTICLES & ROTATION 43
I8 What is moment of inertia?
-
19 Moment of inertia ()
=
() for single particle
=
(i) for system of particles
=
(ni) For riqid bodies

20 What is rodius of gyration (K)? (NEET 2023, 22)

21 Value of K depends On mass. T/F

22. Difference between mass & moment of inertia

- ,
23. Perpendicular axes theorem it is aplicable in
-
24. MI. of circular ring along diameter is half of that of along ts axis, this statement ia proved by
-
25. Parallel axes theorem

26 Parallel axes theorem is vald for all objects. TIF

27. Ml. is least about the axis passing through COM, this statement is proved by -
28. Moment of inertia of folwing
0 Sold sphere along diameter (NEET 2023)
(G) Hollow sphere albng iameter (NEET 2023)
Gin)
Rectangular lamina along midpoint perpendicular to plane
Cio)
Holw cyinder along axis

() Solid cylinder along axis

(ul Annular disc along midpoint perpendicular to plane

(uin) Thin circular ring along axis

(iw) Thin circular ring along diameter

to rod (NEET 2024)
( Thin rod about COM perpendicular
to rod -
(xa) Thin rod about axis passing through its edge perpendicular
&

(ob) Thin rod paralll to axis

(xc) When angle between rod
&
axis is

Ca) Circular disc along axis (NEET 2022)

bai) Circular disc along diameter (NEET 2022)

- (about the same point of
is removed from a biqger object then M. of remaining part
24. Ifa small part
rotation)
30. Rotational analogous of -

) Position -
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK

44 PHYSICSHA
(G Velocity

() Acceleration
(iv) Mass -
(u) Force -

(u) Linear momentum -

(ui) KE
(vim) Power -
(ix) -
Work
31. IF torque on a body is zero
then is conserved.
32. 1f a bar of length L mass
and
upper end hits
the ground.
M is standing and it suddenly
falls to ground then
the velocity at which .
33. What is roling motion?

34. For pure rolling the relative

velocity of point
35. For pure roling
of contact wrt contact surface =

E
D

B
Vcm

Velocity at point A B. C, D
and E are respectively -
36. During pure roling, no (with direction) (NEET
frictional force is
2024)
acting on the body
31. During pure roling (no slipping).
tem) = T/F
38. KE of roling
body =
39. KE. = (in case
of pure rolling)
40. When a bod rolls on
an inclined
plane without
the frictional force slipping
acting on is -
it
4l. In the given
fiqure, velocity
lowest point
of this body at the
when it rolls down without slipping
=
Vcm
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
evaTEM OF PARTICLE8 & ROTATION
h2.Valocily of roling body ie independent of ile ma and ralue.T/F
L3 Linear acceleralion of the body in question 4l .
ll Time of descent of the body in queetion ll
5 During natural roling on inclined aurface the tranalatory motion is converted to rolling motion by -
L6 Formula for calculating value of fs & minimum value
of Us for pure rolling in question 4

47 Aceleration at point P

pure roling

smooth surface

u3 Sotd cylindar roling on rough urface with horizontal speed u m/a The sped of centre of cylndor when

storts pure roling

49 Direction of angular acoeleration, angular velocity and torque of a bod mouing along circumference of a

is along
- (NEET 2023)
crde
o not mentioned in the question that whether the object is solid or hollow, we wil consider it solid
lf it is

LoWBMR Medium BMR High BMRBEASTLEVEL

Bio Multiple
Revision (BMR)
5 6 10
No. of revision

Revision time
(in minutes)

Active space
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
PHYSICSHAC
46

ANSWERS
n

Zmixi m1x1 + m2x2 +

+ MnXn

mt m2 + mn
Zm
12. T

13.Fidy =
M Fzd
Faload) dylefforts arm)
3.
lcm = I4 MA =

Flefforts dylload arm

I5. F, small effort is required
from both side at midpoint
2 I6. Point where whole weight is supposed to be
(i) Point of intersection of medians ie.
concentrated ie. - net torque is zero
h
above the midpoint
3
of the base nE they only coincide if the object is small and Hhp

value of q does not vary trom point to point in it.if

-above the midpoint
of the base the object is large ie. value of q
varies from point
2R point in it then COM and COG will not coincide
t
above the midpoint of the base
I8.Moment of inertia in
rotational motion = mass in
R above the midpoint translational motion
3Tt
of the base
3R
-above the midpoint of the base
8

above the miapoint

of the base
2
20. The perpendicular
h .above distance of apointP from the
the mid point of the base
axis where
3 if the whole mass of the body
were
5
Ml, M considered the body
shall have the same moment ot
inertia as it with the
actual distribution of
M+ Ma mass.
ie
MK?
My
6
21. F
M1

1 External only 2L. For a qiven bod mass is consant

but M. is
variable
8 Centre of mass willfollow
the same trajectory 23. MI.
because no external of plane lamina about
forces are involved.
n axis
perpendcular t
its plane is equal to
the sum of M. about any tuo
mutully perpendicular
axes on
its plane,
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
SYSTEM OF PARTICLES& ROTATION 47
ly plane lamina
ie ly=kt (i)l Anqular acceleration la)
24. Perpendicular axes theorem liv) Moment of inertia (l)

25.1= lo + M? (0 Torque (U
26.T (uil Angular momentum (L)
27 Parallel axes theorem
(ui) KE. =
28 2
2MR? (vi) P =
tw
=
(ix) dW TdO (A the equations of kinematics,
formulae and laws of conservations are also
analoqous)

31. Angular momentum

12

liw) MR?
32 (MD
MR
2
+
MCR,?
R1
2
(ui) MR2
MR? ?
2 PE. KE.
Mgh =
12 2
ML2
(xal 3
3 Mql|
2 2

MILsin)2
(xc)
12

33. Combination of translatory and rotatory motion

MR
(xi)
34. Zero lAs there is no relative motion between the

surface in contact)
30. (0 Anqular deplacement (0)

là Angular velbcity (w)

<br>

PHYSICSHAC
@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
48 42. T
A
35 qsin
2 Vcm
43 alcm)=

B -
D Calculated by net force
=
mgsin f=
- malcm), fR la

sin
36. T
-
37 Wr Calculated by
h alcm)t
38. KE. - Translatory KE. + Rotational KE. sin
45 Static frictional force
46. = mqsin tan
fs Us
/MR
34 KE - ½ m? 1 1+ 1+
MR?
40. Static 47 wR
4/ 48. Conserve the anqular momentum at point of
contact : mur = mur +
(cmw
49.Along the axis of rotation
f

mgsint mgcos MEME POINT

Vcm
mg Rotational motion
is very tough Human Anatomy ki4
kitaabe dekhi hai?

2gh
V= Medical
student
MR2
Calculated
by enerqy conservation
-

NEETspirant
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK

Chapte, 8
GRAVITATION
IEariest model of planetary motion is -

2 What are the 3 laws of Kepler i

-
3.Kepler's first law

4 The closest point from sun at elipse -

5 The farthest point from sun at elipse -

6 Sum of the distance of any point at ellipse to F1 and F2 is constant.

TIF

Sun 2
=
minor axis 2b
(-ae, 0) 2

k 2a
axis = 2a
major
From the above fiqure -

() What is semi major axis

() What is semi minor axis

() r= 2 =
(w) Coordinates of the 2 focuses if center of the elipse is at (0, 0) -
(u) b=
8 Kepler's 2nd law -
9 The above law can be explained by -

0. T/F
lorque on a planet due to central forces in echpse

12 Kepler's 3d law -
moon -
3. Time period of revolution of the
4. Force due to gravitation =

= (NEET 2024)
5. Acceleration due to grauity
=
l6. Value of G (universal gravitation constant)
n.Inside
hollw sphere g =

l8. Gravitation is always attractive. T/F

<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK PHYSICSHAC
50
I9. H is independent of medium T/F
20. H has infinite range l/h
Gravitation is a conservative and
central force TE
21.

22. g = lat surface of earth)

=
23. Mass of earth
=
24. Radius of earth
- (NEET 2020, 19)
25 g at depth d
26. g at height h
-- (2) (NEET 2020)
-
centre
27. Draw the graph of acceleration due to gravity w's distance from

28 PE. at height h from the surface of earth when h ce< R =

29. APE from rg to rz (NEET 2019)

30 Grauitational potential energy =

(NEET 202!4)

3. Gravitational potential - (NEET 2023)

32 Escape velocity = (NEET 202)

33. Escape velocity for earth =

34. KElfinal = (when mass m is thrown vertically upwards with velocity v from surface of earth reaches
height h)

35. Escape velocity of moon =

36. Moon is tidally locked TIF

37.Orbital speed for earth =

38. Time period
of satelite orbiting very close to earth surface =

34. Relation betueen PE, KE, TE an

40.What is binding
of orbiting object - (NEET 2024)
energy'
4. Binding enerqy for satelite =
42. h for geostationary
satelite =
43. What are geostationary
satellites?
44. Geostationary
satelltes revolve in
45. What are polar plane.
satelites?
46. Polar satellites
direction -
47. Time period
of polar satelites -
48. Orbital speed
of qeostationary satelites
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
51
GRAVITA TION

49 Gravitational
field -
-
() Inside hollow sphere
-
() At the surface of holow sphere
-
() bnside solid sphere
(iw) At the surface of solid sphere
(w At a distance r from the centre of he sphere - (NEET 2023)
-
50. laraph of gravitation field v/s distance from centre for hollow and solid sphere
-
5. During motion ot planet trom perihelion to aphelion the work done by gravitation
is

(postve/negatve/zero)
Note - Whenever in question it is written "taken to distance
x above surface of earth or from surface of

earth never forget to add Re to the height uhile soling

52 Gravitatonal potential -

() Inside the shell

(i) Outside the shell

() lnside the solid sphere

(iw) Qutside the solid sphere
centre for holow and solid sphere
53. Graph of gravitational potential v/s distance from
=
54.Field due to uniform ring
55. Potential due to unitorm rinq =
- (where vo - orbital velocit Ve - escape velocity
56. Trajectory followed by satellte when

()v< Vo -

) v= Vo
(i) Vo <V< Ve -

(iv v =
Ve total enerqy =

( v> ve total enerqy = positive -

57. TE. for eliptical orbit -
is
-
the effect on weight (neglect the efect of change of radus)
58.On moving from equator to pole what

54 Polar satellite are used in

60. Geostationary satellite are used in -

Ihese satelltes are stationary

to people in equatorial plane only /F
q =
62. at latitude
= (NEET 2019)
03 lime period of satellte
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK

52 PHYSICSHACK

Bio Muitiple Low BMR Medium BMR High BMR BEAST LEVEL
Revision (BMR)

No. of revision 6 8 10

Revision time
(in minutes)

Active space
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
GRAVITATION
53

ANSWERS
Ilieometric model 19, T
2.
() Law of orbit 20. T
(i) Law of areas 21. T

() Law of periods GMe -

22. g - 98 m/s2
3 All planets move in elliptical orbits, with the sun at R?
one of the foci of the ellipse 23. Me
=
6x x(02 kq

0 m
4 Perihelion 24. Re 64
5 Aphelon
25.9 94
6T
a GMe
7() 26
gh=

(ui) all - e), all + e) (hee Rel

liw) Fy = (-ae, 0). F2 - lae, 0)

27
Wbeal-yrirz
surface
8.
that joins any planet to the sun sweeps
The line

out equal areas in equal intervals of time

9 Conservation of anqular momentum for central

force
L r= Re
= constant
2m + = constant
28. mgh Wo where, Wo
I.F. Torque =
0
12. Law of periods -+ T oc a (semi-major axis).
Where, T - time period of revolution 30 - GMM,
3. 273 days. r
Cmqme 31 - M

4. F=.
r

GM 32 V2gRe - |2GMe
b.g= Y Re

- 667 x 33. I12 kms

l6. G (0-" Nm/kg
2 GmMe
34. KElfinal) =
mvi
ng-0 2 Re + h
18. T
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
54 PHYSICSHAC

35. 23 kms 50.For hollow sphere -

36 T

37. - 792 = 2 km/s GM/R2

V2
38 84.6 min or l4l hr

34
-PE
2
KE
-TE

40. Minimum enerqy given to satellite so

that it R
escapes away from graitational field
of the planet
4|. Total energy
For solid sphere -

42.35840 km (36000 km)

43. These have time period
of 24 hrs thus ppear GM/R2
stationary from a point on earth
4h. Equatorial
45. Polar sateltes are low
altitude satelites,
h=
500 800 km
to

46. N-S direction

47. 100 minutes
S. Negative
48.307km/s
-GM
52. ()
R
GM -GM

r
GM
(o)MI3R2)
2R3

53. For hollow

sphere -

oc
V
/r
-GM/R
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
GRAVITATION
55
For sold sphere
-
56. () Eliptical
VA (i) Gircular

R (n) Elipse
(iv) Parabola
(W Hyperbola
Chyperboie)
57 -Mem
-GM/R 2a
58. Increased by 0.34 (ocours due to rotation of
earth)
(parabolc)
-3GM/2R 59. Spying, weather, meteorology
60. Satellte communication, GPS

6. T

-Gmx 62 g = mg - mw'rcos0
54. l=
(R+j3/2 63. T =
2rt,
=
-Gm
55. V
R+3112

MEME POINT

I like them thick AF

But, sir we can't write this

Then write this: Greaer the mass

greater the force of attraction
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK

Chupto 9
OF SOLIDS
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
L
What is stress?
2. Tensile stress lo) =

3. Tensile
stres is scalarlvector
4 Unit of stress
5. What is elasticity?

6. Longitudinal =
strain
1Shear strain (tangential strain) =

8. Bulk strain =

4 Hookes law - (NEET 2024+, 20)

I0. Hooke's law is valid Hill
strain

I.Elastomers obey Hooke's law. T/F

I2. Value of Young's modulus
() for
-

(i) Fe
(i) Steel -
13. Value of Y of wire can be different for tensile and compressive
stress. T/F
I4. With increasing temperature
of wire - increases/decreases.
I5.Exception of above question is -
l6. Elastic strength can
be increased by adding
impurities. T/ F
I1. Annealing
increases/ decreases elasticity
I8. Hammering increases/
decreases elasticity
9. On increasing value
ofY, elasticity increases/
decreases
20. Steel is more
elastic than rubber.
T/F
21. Material
of the same dimensions which stretches to a
lesser extent for a given load is considered to
more elastic. T/E be
22. Breaking stress
depends on the area.
T/F
23. The value
of in concrete for compression
Y
24. Relation between is more than
interatomic
that for tensile. T/F
force constant
25. Y for rigid
body =
() and Younqs modulus
is
26. Y is defined
for solids, lquids and gases.
T/F
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF
SOLIDS 57
Strain in rod due
to
its own weight -
27

sratio (v)
28 Poisson
Theoretical value of v=
24

30 Practical value
of v=
(G)
31 Shear modulus is also known as

32 G=
33 G& Y relation
-
34. Gis defined only for solds T/E
(B) =
35 Bulk modulus

36 IS called

37 B is defined for
38. B solids > B liquids > B qas. T/F

34 Write relation between

)B&p
() V& B

= =
40 U PE (stored) (NEET 2019)
=
4 Ultimate strain of steel
42 When a loadWis attached at the midde of a bar of langth l breadth b, depth d and Young's moduus Y

Depression (6) -
in
of strain produced by the same amount of stress increases/ decreases
with increase
43. The amount

temperature.

(0, 0) (0, 0) strain

strain
are shown above, now
OTress strain curves of two types of rubber
-
Which rubber is suitable for shock
absorber
)
Which rubber is suitable for car tyres
-

Gid

proportional to
10 Ihe area of the hysteresis loop is directly
worse the ture. VE
loss, the better the shock absorber and the
lhe more the hysteresis
0
<br>

pHYSIGSH
@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK

58
ouwn weight =
wiredue to its
Elongaton of
47

= mg
modlus (B)
48 Bulk
process
() For isothermal

(i) For adiabatic

process

process
() For isochoric
(w) For isobaric process fixed end

now -
a wire is twisted,
49. In the qiven fiqure,

Restoring torque =
l =
li Restoring couple per unit tuist
le)

lwl Work done in tuisting through is -

(W For a hollw cylinder of inner and outer radi
and rz the restoring couple per unit tuist =

50. A hollow
BB
F
shaft is more/less stiff than a solid
shaft of same mass, material and length.
5l. Relaton betwen -

() Y, B
andy
(i) Y, G and v

52
53
Y,LA
Y2 LA

Y2 L.A
In above condition
value of Ye =

In above condition
value of Ye =
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS 59
stress =
54 Thermal
-

65 From the given tigure

Ou

Oy

stress

permanent set

strain 30%

() The point till Hooke's law is obeyed is - which is called -

(i) The elastic behaviour is seen till

-
point which is called
-
() The stress at yield point is called
-
liu) The point d is called
a force. TIE
(W Beyond point d additional strain can be produced by reduced applied
b to e is called -
(ui) The behaviour of material form

lvi) What will happen if we remove the load at some time beyond point b?

(vi) Point is e is called

occurs between the elastic limit and fracture point the
li) If large amount of plastic deformation
-
material is said to be (ductile/brittle) (NEET 2019)
the volume of wire due to change in its length on stretching, the Poisson's ratio of
56 If there is no change in

wire = (NEET)
material of the spring T/F (NEET
is determined by the shear modulus of the
51lhe stretching of spring
2022)
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK

PHYSICSHAC
60
BEAST LEVEL
Medium BMR High BMR
Low BMR
Bio Mutiple
Revision (BMR)
5 6 9
No. of revision 12 3

Revision time 2
(n minutos)

hctve spocc
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
MIR
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLIDS 61

E ANSWERS
per unit area
|Restoring force 27
M2AY
=
2o A 28. Lateral strain longitudinal strain = -ARL
RAL
3 Scalar
Pascal 29. v =to +05
4 =
reqain its original state aftfer30. v 0 to +05
5 The ability ot solid to
31. Modulus
being deformed of rigidity
32. G =shear stress Fh F
6 AAx AO
shear strain
Lo
33. G

1 h
3
34. T
8 AV
Normal stress
35. B = -Aplo
Vo
volume strain AV
4 Elastic modulus
=
stressFLo 36. Compressblity (K)
strain AL
I0. less than % 37.Solids, lquids and gases

over most of the region 38. T

IE they do not obey
x IO" Pa. (i) 19 x 10" Pa, (i) 2 x \0"" Pa AP AP
()
39. () - Ap
I2 L|

B
3.T =
40.½ x stress X strain X volume
h xFx N.
4. Decreases x \08
I5. Invar, this Y remains same
43
WP
16. T 42 & =
4Yb
n Decreases 43.Increases
8. Increases 44, () A (i) B
I9. Increases 45. Energy absorbed
20. T
46.T
21. T
=
L'pa.
22. T 4.x 29
23. T 48, () P. (il yP. li) infinite, liv) 0
-
24. k= Yrwhere, r interatomic distance
25. infinite

26. F, only for solids

<br>

pHYSICSHA,
@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
55. () a tional limit
propor
62
(i b yield point
Cu) Elastic himit
4
(m) c = liud Utimate tensile strength
21

(u) Plastic deformation

rilr,'-)
(c= (uvi) The material will not come to
21 its originadl

50 More length insteadit will follow the dotted

line and
5/ () 3BII - 2v) hae
irreversible deformation of length greater than

original length
=
52. Ye (vil) Fracture point
(io) Ductile

56. -0.5
54. Yabt T
57

MEME POINT

you are crying

i am crying over
Over boys
physics

we are not samne

sis
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK

Chapto0
FLUIDS
are fluids?
IWhat
2 Fluids have very small resistance to stress
3 Pressure
LPressure - (by a lquid column of
height h) (NEET 2020. 19)

5 Pressure is a scalar/ vector quantity

Sl. unit ot pressure

-

7 otm =
(atmospheric pressure)
8 Density =

4 The density of liquids is nearly constant for change in pressure. T/F

10 What is relative density or specific gravity?
=
Density of water at 4°C
12
Pascals law
I3. Gauge pressure =

4 What is hydrostatic paradox?

15 Relation betueen P, Pa and P3

P3

I6 Itorr =

1Tbar =
I8 When an external force is apled to a confined liauid at rest, it is transferred undiminished to all parts of
the lquid and aso to the walle of the vessel containing liquid TIF

I9.Formula used for hydraulic lift

20. Archimedes principle -

21. Buoyant force (FB) =

22 Aeparent weight -
23. The apparent weight of a floating body -
24. For foating body length ofimmersed part=
Z5. For floating body relation between p&a
26. What wil happen if P -
?
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK

64 PHYSICSHA
27. Streamline flow

28. Can two streamlines cross each other

|/
29, Fluid velocity
remains constant at any point of a streamline, but it may be different af
different
the same streamline T/E point

30. Fluid velociy is qreaterlesser for closely spaced streamlines.

31. Equation for continuity -

32. Equation of continuty follws law of conservation

of -
33. This equation is true
for fuids.

34. Relatiorn between

A and Ao
Ao vo

35.Bernolis Principle A,v

equation -
36. This principle is
based on law
of conservation of -
31. This law is only
valid for incompressible fluids
38. Pressure with streamine
head flow. T/F
39. aravitation
head =

40.Velocity head =

Speed of efflex =

42. Torricellis
law - (NEET
2019)
43. As fluid
velocity
increases, pressure
l4. Two applications -

of Bernoulis
45. What is *
principle =
Magnus
effect -
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK

FLUIDS 65
46 Principle
of magnus effect and dynamic lft on airoraf wing

L7 When fluids moves it flows in form of.

-
48 What is viscosity
L4 When fuid flows in a pipe then velocity is maximum along the axis periphery
=
50 Coefficient of viscosity (q)
-
5/ S. unit of n
-
52. CGS unit of 7
53.Dimensional formula of n
-
54. With rise in temperature viscosity of
Liquids - (increases/ decreases)
-
Cases (increases/decreases)

55 depends on

56. Viscous force is directly proportional to the surface area of contact of fuid layers. T/F

57. Viscous force depends on the normal reaction between the surface in contact T/F
-
58 Stoke's law
= (NEET 2019)
59. Terminal velocity

60. Terminal velocity is acquired when

6l. Bigger raindrops have larger velocity than smaller

raindrops. T/F

62. Laminar flow occurs at louw/high speeds.

63. Turbulence increases mixing rates, transfer of enerqy etc. T/F

=
64. Reynolds number
-
will be
65. If- Re< 000 then the flow
-

66. If - Re > 2000 then the flow wil be

< then the flow will be
67. If- 1000 Res 2000
68.Critical velocity =

64. Volume of viscous fluid flouwing per unit time through inarrow pipe =

c, between a & b -
I0. For maxim um value of relation

. Because of surface tension the free surface of a liquids behaves as

2. Cases show surface tension. l/F
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK

66 PHYSICSHAC,

73. What is surface enerqy

74 What is surface tension

75. Why does surface of lquid try to attain minimum possible surface area?
16. Surface tension increases/ decreases with increase in temperature.
77 If angle of contact of lquid surface to solid surfaceis obtuse then -

() Meniscus will be

Gi) Liquid wil wet/not wet the sold surface

78. If angle of contact of liquid surface to solid surface is acute then -

() Meniscus will be

() Liquid willwet/not wet the solid surface (NEET 2020)

79 Surface tension arises due to
80. Surface tension is numerically equal to
the work done in enlarqing the surface area by unity under
condition.
81.Surface tension
depends on area of surface T/E
82. The force due to surface tension
if we pull the follouing shapes from the
surface of a liquid -
() Needle -

() Hollow disc -
(i) Thin ring
() Disc - (NEET 2024)

(W)
Square frame
(a) Square plate -
83. Work done against
surface tension =
84. Work done to
make a drop =
85. Work done to make a =
bubble (NEET 2023)
86. Excess pressure inside liquid
drop = (NEET 2022)
81. Excess pressure inside
liquid bubble = (NEET 2019)
88. Height of laquid in capilary
rise phenomena - (NEET
2020)
89. IF there is no gravity
then water willstart to
fall out of the capllary
40. If the meniscus TF
. Soap and detergents
fluid of inside the capilary is convex

increase/ decrease surface tension -

then the fluid will rise in the capillary
l/
92.Surface tension increase/decrease
on adding highly
soluble impurities -
43. Sparingy soluble
substances increase/decrease
angle of contact and surface tension.
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
67
FLUIDS

a
Value of in this case =
B
q4.

as Change in water level when a solid body is dropped from a boat (floating in the same water) into the water

solid is more than water

(0if the density of
WIf the density of
sold is less thanequal to water
-
46 A piece of ice is tloating in a luid of
density P when it melts what will happen to the water level if

or
47 The velocity of layer of lquid at a distance r from the axis of a cylinder pipe
a
less than the height acquired by lquid in full size capilary
new capilary tube then
If the height of a
48 is

the lquid wil start flouing off the new capillary T/F
=

9 Af critical temperature, S
I00.S for increases with temperature.
=
1OL.Reaction force exerted on vessel by water jet
-
I02 Force required to stop the flow in above question
-
103 Venturimeter works on the principle of (NEET 2023)
d, when dropped in a container fleld
uwith glycerine,
104 The velocityof a small ball of mass M and density
on the ball
then the viscous force acting
constant after some time. If Hhe density of glycerine d2
is
becomes

-
uil be (NEET 2021)

Note While reading question always keep in mind whether a bubble or drop is qiven.

High BMR BEAST LEVEL

Low BMR Medium BMR
Bio Multiple
Revision (BMR)
7
8
9 10

No. of revision ololoOloO

Revision time
(in minutes)
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK

68 PHYSICSHAC

ANSWERS
| Substances that can flow eq - qases and lhquds 23. Zero
2.
Shear stress

F
3.P=
A
25. p> o. uolume
ot immersed
4 P- pgh port
a totalvolume
26. The object wil ot object
5.
Scalar float completely submerged
jet
6. Pascal (Pal below the surface of the fluid

7 1013 x (05 pascal =

760 mnHg 27.In this type of flow
the velocity and path of ead

8p=
particle at a point is same as predecessor
28. F
29, T
I0. The ratio of density of substance to the density 30. Greater
of water aft 4°C
31. Av =
constant
32. Mass
IZ. The pressure in a fluid at rest is same
at allpoints 33. Incompressible
are at the same
which
height
3.P- Pa Pgh
=
=
Zgh here,
l4. lo express the absolute pressure,
the heiaht of
the V= volume rate of flow
fluid column is important
and not the cross-sectional 35. P + pah +
hp = constant
or base area or
the shape the container 36. Energy
I5. P, = P2 - Pg
37. T
I6.
Itorr =l mmtg = 133 Pa
n. o Pa 38. P
18. T Pg
34 h
F2
40
20. The los 2g
of weight of a body
submerged 4l. By Bernouli's
or fully) in
a fluid is (partily equation -
equal to the weight
dsplaced
of fluid
hpu
2. FB - pgh P2-Pr+ Pgh
20P, -
22. W' V1 =
P)
p+2gh
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
69
FLUIDS
the vesel containing the fluid is open the 63. T
42 When
above case are same as Pa. inertial force
eure P> and Pi In
64. Re =. pvd
become = 2oh viscous force
Hhus speed of ettlux
65. Streamline or laminar
Decreases
43
Carburettor and li) Atomiser or sprayer 66. Turbulent
67. Unsteady, May be laminar or turbulent
L5 The deviation of a spinning ball from its parabolc

moving in air. 68. ve =

nlRee
path while
46 Bernoulis principle
=
69.
L7Paralel layers
8nl
u8 The property of tluid which gives rise to frictional 70. a = b

force between layers . Elastic stretched membrane

v =
L9 Ars, at periphery 0 72 F
Fl 73. The molecules of the surface have extra enerqy
interior. This
as compared to the molecules in the
5l Poisellie
extra enerqy is surtace energy
= 0 poiselle
52 Poise. Ipoise
4. IH is the surtace enerqy per unit area or
53 ML-17-1

54. Liquids
- decreases (due to decrease in cohesion force per unit length, S-.
torces and increase in KE) 75. To reduce the surface enerqy thus attaining the

hases
-
increases (due to increase in rate of maximum stability

diffusion) 76. Decrease

55. Temperature and pressure convex (i) not wet

1. (
56. T 18. () concave li wet

57 F 74. Intermolecular cohesive force

58. Viscous force =
-6Tav 80. lsothermal condition

81. F
54.From Stoke's law - =
6sav 3 = S x (| X no of free surface)
82.
F
p- density oflaquid () 215

2lo - ply
60. The viscous force balances out buoyant torce
61. T
(iw)
2rS
(w 8S
62. Low
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
PHYSICSHAC
70
95 () Water level falls

83. W =
SIM X no. of free surtace)
(u) Water level remains same
84. W = q6 () Rises. (i) falls,
4rSIR, -R,) (il remains same
85 W - &nSkR - R) APIR? -
4.v=
86 P,- Po
98. Liquid wil not flow out of it instead
theconcait
87. P, - Po = 4S of the meniscus will decrease such
that.
R hr hr
88. pgh = 2Scos .h= 2Scos cos) cos'
Pgr 49. Zero
89. F IH will reach to the
will not
fl length of capillary but I00. CA
fall out
90. F, the fluid level will dm -
decrease Zghip
4. Decrease
dt
I02. pghA
92. Increase
I03. Bernoulis principle
93. Decrease

I04. Mg.
2

MEME POINT

when a medico girl proposes

a iitian

Samaz me nahiraaýa,parsun
ke anchalaga
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK

Chapte t
THERMAL PROPERTIES
of temperature -
1Sl unit
=
2
Boing point and melting point of water in
F
2Normal thermometers that agree at 0°C & l00°c can show deviation at points in between T/F
L Gas thermometers don f show this deviahon. T/E
s Formula for conversion between
°F C and K.
6 Formula to convert any new scale into the other -

1Io gas thermometer if

P is pressure at °C then t=
&
When temperature is increases by l° it increases by
_°F & __K
=
4 Linear expansion AL (NEET 2024, 19)

0 Increase in length is always proportional to temperature T/F

=
I Area expansion
A
2 Volume expansion AV =

B Coefficient of volume expansion (y) becomes constant at high low temperature.

4y decreases at low/high temperature.

5.y vs TK) graph
Relation between a, B & Y -
These 3 coefficients are constant for a material. T/F

B&y are matipled by

cu. -
B.For using these coefficient for Fahrenheit scale value of

9y= (in terms of a for anisotrapic solids)

20. y is negative for water at temperature range of -

1I Density of water is maximum at __°C.

22.0n heating a hollw sphere the radius of cauity increases/ decreases.
23. If temperature is increased by the same amount in a solid sphere and a hollw sphere then whose radus
willincrease
the most
-
24. If instead of same temperature, same amount of heat is qiven then

0. As value of y is very small the change in density with temperature

26. Thermal stress =
(NEET 2020, 19)
Z1.0 amount of heat is aiven to a body of
mass m, its temperature changes by I then Q=
Z6. What is specific heat capacity lo
24 What
is molar specific heat capacity (C)
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
PHYSICSHAS
72
30. What is water equivalent?
=
3. Water equivalent (w
=
32. Specific heat capacity of water leu) (in CaS & Sl system)

33. What is latent heat?

34. Latent heat of fusion of water =

35.Latent heat of vaporisation of water =

36. Which element has the highest specific -

heat capacity
37. Molar heat capacities of most elemental solids is around -
38. The heat required for a qiven temperature depends only on how many
Increase atoms the sample cont
and not on the mass of an individual atom T/F
39. What is Debye's
T law -
40.Ical =

4l. Specific heat of ice =

42 Specific heat of steam=

43. A substance cannot
exist as lquid at temperature above
its critical temperature
T/E irrespective of pressure
at. Melting point of substances
qenerally
increases/ decreases with
45. Melting of which increase in pressure.
sbstances decrease with
increase in pressure -
46. At pressure below
triple point
state cannot exist.
47. What is triple -
point
48. Mecharisms
of heat transfer
44. The direction
of heat transfer is always
from higher to lower
50.Heat current (H) = (NEET temperature
2019) 1/F
5. Temperature gradient =
52. SI. unit of
heat current -
53. Non moving
air has very low/
high thermal conductivity
54. Thermal resistance
=
55. Equivalent thermal
resistance in series
56. Equivalent thermal combination =
resistance in parallel combination
57.Thermal resistivity =
=
58. What is convection?
59.Heat current
due to convection
is directly proportional
to -
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
PROPERTIES 73
THERMAL

Heat ourrent
is approximately proportional to power of temperature difference between the surface

body
andmain

incident energy then &y. a2 & 3 are -

6 Q is the
A Q2 B

good reflector is also

a good absorber. T/F
62 A
black body
63 What is a
A A black body must be black in colour. T/E
TIF
65.Sun is a black body

66 In this qraph ot spectral emissive power

vs wavelenqth. The relation
E of radiation
-
between T4. and T3 is
h

Amy m2 m3
67. Relation between m and T by Wien's displacement law

Wien's constant (b) =

69. The total area under the curve at any temperature is called as

-
10.H is drectly proportional to
. This law is used for
-

12.E - (Stefan's law)

13.G=
4 Rate of emission (H) =

15 Emissiuty le) =

16.For perfect black body

e=
radant enerqy
=
temperature is To and temperature of body is then rate of loss of
IIH surrounding

-
M Temperature of earth without qreen house gases
since the beginning of the century T/F
o0. Auerage temperature of earth has increased by O.3 to 0.6°C,
8 Newton's
lw of coling -
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK

74 PHYSICSHA
82 For coing at surraundng temperature lo the time required to for temperatre of body
ochange
to
T, to Tz - (NEET 2021 14) fro
83. Kirchhoffs law

84. According to this law a good absorber is a bad emitter. T/F

85. What is solar constant -

86. Solar constant =

87. Temperature of sun =

Bio Multiple Low BMR

Revision (BMR)
Medium BMR High BMR BEAST LEVEL

No. of revision 5 6
10
Revision time
(in minutes)
<br>

PROPERTIES @PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
THERMAL

75
ANSWERS
Keluin (K)
I 14. = ax +
212°F 32°E aY + az
2 20. 0°C - 4°C
37 21. 4,°C
47 22. Increases,
HPC) - 0 H°F)- 32 HK) - 27315 thermal expansion can
be imaqined as a
photographic enlargement.
5 100 180 I00
23. Both will increase
6 Let two scales be NaM, Nouw with the same amount.
the freezing point
24. Radius of the hollow
of water for scale N&M be FN &FM and boiling
& sphere will increase the most.

iet of water for the scales be BN and BM

25. P2
P1l - )
26. YabT
Now for conversion
N- FN M- FM
27.
BN
mcT, c = specific heat capacity
BM
Pi00 - Po 28. The amount
of heat required to raise the
R-Po
I00 temperature of unit mass of the substance by 1°C.
8 18°F and IK
C=
mAT

I0.F.it is proportional only when 29. The amount of heat required to raise
the
T
is not too large
temperature of lmole substance by l°C,
ie - less than l00C C- Me or
MQ

2 yWoAT maT nT
M- molar mass of substance n - no. ot moles
3 High
30. If heat capacity of a body is expressed in term
4 Low of
mass of water, it is called water equivalent
of the
(l0-5K-1) 6 body

mc
31. w =
3
32. In CaS system - G
=l g°c,
al in SI system

T K)
Cw = 4186 J kgk-1
250 500 33. lH
the amount of heat required to change the
is

state of a unit mass of a substance without change

l6. a =

2 3 in its temperature
nE, their values depend on temperature 34. 797 cal g

35. 540 call

<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK

76
PHYSICSHA
36. Hydrogen Reflected enerqy
d2 - Absorbed,
37.25 J/mol K
g -
Transmited energy
38. T 62. F. a qood reflector is a bad absorber
34. The specific heat at extremly low temperatures
versa andvice
varies as the cube of the absolute temperature 63 A perfect blackbody
is one with which
40.Ical = 4186 J radiation of abso
all wavelengths without
H.05 kcal/khyC anyretlecta,
transmissions and when
42 048 kcal/kg°C it is heated
it emits
of al possible wavelength radiata
43.T
64. F
44. Increases
65. T
45. Water, qallum and bismuth
66. T, < T2< T3
46. Liquid
67. AmI =b
47. Point on P-T diagram,
at which solid, liquid and 68. b = 24 x |0- mk
vapour phase coexist
69. Total radiated
48. () Conduction, averaqe power
(i) Convection & per unit surtace
(i) Radiation
area
70. T
50. H. KATh-7)
1. For estimating the surface area
of celestdl boda
5 1-T2) 2. E - oT*
L 73.567 x (0-8
52. Watt
Wm4
74. GeAT
53. Low
emissive pouwer
of a body at
54. R. I2-I, L
15. e =
a absolute temperature
T
H KA
emissive power
55. Re of black body
at
=R+Rz the same absolute temperature
T
76. e
56I =l
Re

57.
K 78 JeA(T - T)
58. Transfer mc

of heat mass 79,

b of a fluid from one -I8°C
region ot space to another 80. T
54. Surtace
area
& dT
dt

2
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
PROPERTIES 77
THERMAL
absorptive power jis sun in
The ratio of
emissive power to earth per unit area per unit time from the
to
Al bodies at a given temperature it is equal absence of atmocphere when placed at riqht angles
mean
power ot a black body the incident radiation at a distance equal to the
emissive
to the distance of the earth from the sun.
Elbody E (blackbody
albody 86. S - I360 Wm2
absorber is a good
emitter
good
RL Fa
amount of radiant energy received by the 87. 5800 K
85 The

MEME POINT.

me who knows
more physics
than both of
them

Galileo
galilei
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK

Chaptn i2
THERMODYNAMICS
L Wall that does not allow flow of energy

2. Wall that allows enerqy tlow -

3. System in thermal equiibrium have same

4, What is zeroth law?

5. What is internal enerqy (u)

6. When a piston of a cylinder is pushed doun, the work by gas is taken as - positivel negative
1 Work done by qas =
8. AQ - laccording to
first law of thermodynamics)
9. dQ and dW are path/state variables.

I0.dU depends not only on initial and final states, but also on the path. T/F

2. During meting change in volume is neglected T/F

13. Cp - Cy =
l4. This equation is valid for ideal gases
all and few real qases
15. AU =
at moderate temperature. TIF
nC,AT is valid for ideal
and non-ideal qases
16. Equation as
of state for ideal gas -
In. Types of thermodynamic state variables - (2)
18. What are intensive variables -

9 Examples of intensive variables -

20. What are extensive
variables
21. Examples
of extensive variables -

22. In qeneral
for isothermal processes
AU, W and Q is not zero.
23. W = (isothermal T/F
process)
24. PV, VT & PT
graph for isothermal
processes -
25. Area under
PV graph represents
- (NEET
26. What is 2024)
adiabatic process?
(NEET 2020. 19)
21. For adiabatic
process
value ot
28. y = & is constant
24. p =
30. Cy =
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
THERMODYNAMICS 79

Wadiabatic) =
3/
AMadabaticl =
32
Relation
between AU & W
for adiabatic process
33
PT graph for adiabatic processes
-
VT&
P/
-
s What is isochoric process

Graphs tor isochoric process

27 What is isobaric
process - (NEET 2020)
process -
araphs for isobaric

39. For cyclc process

0 When P - V graph is circular or any other closed shape and clockwise, W is positive neqative
to =
M Work done in above condition is equal

42 Efficiency of simple cyclc heat engine

possible T/F
43.7 =lis
-
44 Dfference between heat pump and refrigerator

45, Working substance in refrigerator examples

46 Coeffcient of performance of refrigerator
=
47 Coefficient of performance of heat pump
48. B cannot be equal to 1.
T/E
disallows many phenomena consistent with the first law of Hhermodynamics.
44 Second law of thermodynamics

50.Kelin planck statement

Clausius statement -
52. What is a reversible process
process to be reversible?
53. What are the condtion for a

34. All processes in nature are irreversible T/F

reversibleirreversible.
30. Processes in carnot engine are all
-
D6. Keversible processes are used because
51 Stages in working of Garnot engine
or work is done?
D8, In which of these stages heat is absorbed
- (NEET 2023, 20)
D1 Efciency of Carnot engine
working substance. T/F
independent of nature of
oU, Eficiency of carnot engine is
6. in Carnot cycle -
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK

80 PHYSICSHACH
62. For a polytropic = constant.
process
63 Molar heat capacity ot gas =

-
o Al processes PV groph for expansion and compression (NEET 2022)
65 P-V Graph of various polytropic processes -

66 Relation between
1 and Y2 is
Y2

61. Change in internal energy

at constant temperature is
68 What is entropy? aluays:zero T/E

69 AS =

70 For an isolated system

only those processes
can take place
for which entrapy is -
Bio Multiple
Low BMR
Revision (BMR) Medium BMR
High BMR BEAST LEVEL

No. of revision 2
5
7 8 9
Revision time
(in minutes)

Active space
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
THERMODYNAMICS
81

ANSWERS
hdiabatc wall 23.
( W 2303uRT log
Dathermic wall
2 P
Tomperature 24
3
4 Tuo ssystemsin thermal equilbrium with a 3rd

system.ore separately in thermal equilibrium uith

each other

the sum of molecular kinetic enerqies and

5 His
potental energies in the trame of reference relative 0 Va

h which the centre ot mass of the system is at rest

6 Negatie
2
7W- JPdW

4 Path
V4
10 F. only on the initial and final states

T
12 P
R
B C
-Cy=
P.
4T
5 For ideal qases it is true for all thermodynamic
processes even when volume is not constant for non P
ideal qases it is true only when volume is constant.
=
l6 PV= uRT, R lgas constant) 8314 JK-'mol-1
25. Work done by the gas
In (al lntensive variable and
26. l+ is the process in which no heat transfer take
() Extensive variable

I8. These are the variables which place between a system and ites surrounding
are independent of
the size
27. PVY, TV-& pl-yy
of the system.
19 pressure, density and temperature 28. y-kp.
20. Ihese are the variables which are dependent on
the size of the system 29

2. Volume, mass, internal energy

22. T, but for ideal gas
U =0
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
PHYSICSHAC
82

3. W.P2a- PV)

32 AU - uRIT; - T) V

33. AU =-W

P2

P2
P1

37. Process in which pressure remains constant.

38

0 T, 2
P
-
W
PAV
Pa

P1

35. The process in which

the volume of a
thermodynamic system is constant.

36.
P

P2

slope = infinite

W-0 P
P,
W - PAV
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
THERMODYNAMICS
83
Zero 56. They do not have any desipative effecta
34
Pasithve 57.() lsothermal expansion
4O
the closed shape (i) Adiabatic expansion,
Area of
4
(ii) lsothermal compression and
W-I-
(iv) Adiabatic compression

58. In ieothermal steps heat is abeorbed and in

Refrigerator is used to cool a portion of
a space
adiabatic steps work is done.
hea'pump is used to heat a portion of a space.
uhle W
54. =
ammonia etc.
45 Freons,
&y = W+ &2 or use 60.T
W (& - 2)
6

62. PVa

1
47r= W - 63. C = -
(Q &z)

48 F,t cantbe infinite 64

44T
50 No process is posible whose sole result is
complete
absorption of heat froma reservoir and the
conversion of the heat into work
whose soul result is the
5. No process is possible G Expansion
transfer of heat from colder
a hotter object

52 Process in which at any staqe of an process it

can be traversed back in the opposite direction in
passes through exactly
such a way that the system
the same condition at every step in the reverse

process as in the direct process

(id Compression
53. (0 Process should take place very slowy ie quas
In these graphs
static condition.
isobaric process
li) There should be no friction.
2: isothermal proces
li) There should be no loss of energy
3 adiabatic process
54. T
4: isochoric process
55 Reversible
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
PHYSICSHAC
84
65
66. N2>?1
- 0
67 F. eg - state change
a
68. 1H is a quantity
that denotes the amount
disorder.
t
a
=| =
69 AS
-a>y T

I0. Increasing or remains same

MEME POINT
IoW TOPuY
BEFORE
PYsICS EXA
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK

Chaptot3
KINETIC THEORY
-
lPrperhes fatom according to John Dalton (3)
equation (NEET
- 2020)
ldeal qos

3 This
equation is followed
by real gases atat-

number of molecules in 224 L

of any qas at STP are -
4 The

=
5 B
ideal qas
T, T; and Ta is
6ln the given tigure, relation between
K-)

figure, curves of other gases approaches

l h the given mo
behavior at
- pl/uTU
ideal gas

-
Reason tor the above answer
Boyle s law
-
200 400 600 800
-
P latm)
Charle s law
0
| Dalton's law of partial pressure
exerted by ideal gas
=
2 Pressure (NEET 202)
=
B
Knehic enerqy of molecule (NEET 2021)

(NEET 2023. 21)

b vrms
=

I5, What is degree of freedom

-
l6. Degree of freedom of monoatomic gas
n Degree of freedom of diatomic gas -

B Degree of freedom of non-linear polyatomic gas -

M Each translational and rotational degree of freedom of a molecule contributes to the energy while

each vibrational frequency contributes

20. Reason for above statement is -
of monoatomic, diatomic and polyatomic gas
= (INEET 2021,
lotal internal enerq of l
mole 20)
I
22. What is Co and
C?
23. For ideal qas Cp - Gv =

24 Value of Co and Cy for monoatomic, diatomic and polyatomic gases are -

5 Value of p for monoatomic,diatomic and polyatomic gas is -

(NEEI Z0)
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
PHYSICSh
86
of solds =
26.Molar specific heat
=
27. Molar specific heat of water -
substance
specific heat of all
28. As T approaches :zero,

29. What is mean free path ()

(NEET 2020)
30. l=

31. 1= lin terms of pressure

32 Most probable velocity (ump)
=
33. Average velocity (vav
=
34. Root mean square velcity (vems

35. Degree of fredom of miture of gases =

36. Gp and y of mixture of qases =

31. Sped of sound =

38. arahams law =

Bio Muitiple Low BNMR Medium BMR High BMR BEAST LEVEL
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<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
THEORY 87
KINETIC

ANSWERS
A atom acording to
John Dalton -
l63 (A
Translational)
IPrapertes of
smaallest constituent of an element are +2
Rotational) or
(a The n5 (3 Translational
+2
atoms A high temperature 7(3 Translatioral
a Aboms of one element are identical but differ Rotational + 2 Vibrational

from those of other elements 18. 6 13 Translational +3 Rotational)

MA Small number of atoms of each element 19 kB B

ombine to torm a molecule of a compound 2

NkB where - N= no. of

molecules 20. The vibration mode has both kinetic and potential
2PV-
energy modes.
3Lou presure ond high temperature
(Avoqadro number) 3RT SRT
L 602 X
I0 21. Umono =
,Udia =
(0-23 JK-1 2
5 k8 =/38 x 2
7RT = 3RT
Wdialuibrafion mode) = and Upoly
2
1Low pressure and high temperature 22. Molar specific heat at constant pressure and
I At lou pressure and high temperature the
volume are bnown as Cp and Gy respectively
mokcules of the qas are far apart and the
23. R
nteracion between the molecules becomes negligjble.
24. Monatonie gas - Co- and Gy
4
lfp&Tare fxed then, P
ocor PaVy =
Pal2 2

gas - Cu=R
Diatomic
pand or it
0 FPis faed then, V oc Tor
i 2 2 2

I The total pressure of a mixture of ideal gases is

wibrational mode present -
bp= R .R
=
2 Cy =
the sum ot partial pressures Polyatomic gas (non-linear)-Gp 4R and 3R
12
% nm = nmy 2 =
and Cu
Linear triatomic -Gp K
5R
B 3NkBT Nm

4
- 3RT
2

|3kBT
where,
M
m ylinear triatomic)
PP
M- Molar mass, m - Actual mass of an molecule 3
5 The total number of co-ordinates or independent 26. C =3R (for one atom)
-
quantities required to describe the position and 27. C R las there are 3 atoms)
configur ation
of the system completely 28. Specific heat of all substances also approaches

zero.
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
PHYSICSHAC
88
two successive 3RT 3kBT
Ihe average distance between 34. Vrms =
Z1.

colisions is called mean free path m

(ngfy +
35. fmix = naf)
30.|=
V2nrd'
kBT 36. Gpmix Cumiy =
3. |= miR
V2Prd
32. vmp 2RT 2kBT
37. v=RT
Y M
m
Rote of diffusion
33. Vav =
&RT 8kBT C
IM JTm

MEME POINT

My confidence
in physics
after studying from
Physicshack:
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK

Chapto, 14
OSCILLATIONS
periodicmoton
Whatis
oscillation -
Whatis
2 are osclatory T/F
periodic motions
3 Al
, When frequency of periodic motion is small then it
is called -

-Mln freguency of periodic motion is large then

-
ts called -
6 Sl unit of frequency
1 Dsgplacement is change of with time.

function can be expresed as a

hoyperiadc superposition of and functions of diferent time

reds with suitable coefficient (NEET 2020)

4Condtion for motion to be periodic

al the components of this equation - - A sinlwt + o)

Nome
# (NEET 2024)
O

D
Tine period of periodic molion

Fnd resulant form

B Condtons for
= (NEET

of - AH =
Asinlwt
2024)

moton to be simple harmonic motion (SHM) - 3J)

+
)+ Beinlwt + . assuming
l1 > 2) (NEET 2019)

-
4 How to check if qiven equation is of SHM or not

or
= +ve -ve?

-0 t1 ta

l6. For an SHM value of t, t t3 and

t will be
-A -N2 A/2 A

n Ths SHM starts at point () from right side

now the value of t. x andv at all 5 points =

5
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK PHYSICSHAC

90 represent a periodic motion? If yes then

this equation wnat
= coswt + sin?wt+ costwt does wall
18 AH) ta
its time period? D

14 The position of this particle

on x-aus and y-axis as W
Pt0)
- (NEET 201)
is qiven by
it moves on the circle anti-clockwise

20. 1F for SHM N) - Aostw then equation for velocity and acceleration wil be - (NEET 2019)

2 Vebcty and acceleraion are ahead/behind the deplacement by - and radians (NEET 20201
=
22. Time period of SHM

23. W = (in terms of spring constant and mass)

24. Kinetic enerqy, Potential enerqy Total enerqy in
SHM
ifx= Acoswt
25. Both kinetic enerqy and potential enerqy
reach maximum value twice in a period
26. Potential enerqy
at mean position cannot be non zero. /F (NEET 202)
27. For simple pendulum

W=
(NEET 2024, 22, 19)
T- (when L is large)
28. Time period
of accelerated pendulum when -

aceleration is
upwards
(i acceleration is downwards
(u) horizontal
acceleration
is present
24. These formulae
for pendulum
30. are applicable only when
lf atunnel is made along is small T/F
the diameter
the ball? of earth and a ball
is dropped in it.
what will be the time period
31. Damping o
force (Fi) -
32. In damped
SHM -
() the total force
acting on a mass
(i) x) = at any time t =
() =
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK

oSCILLATIONS 91

formulae are valdIfor a smal large damping

These
33 positon forced oscillation.
Functon of
34
ampitude in forced, oscillation -
Formula of
35
ln question 34)
ampitude =
case ot small damping
a1 h
torce trequency is cose to naturalIfrequency ampltude =
case of driving
38 ln
resonance?
39 What is
higher/ lbwer resonant angular frequency
0 Taler buldng have
2021)
of spring mass system = (NEET
W Toe perod
mass systems -
L2 Tmer period of these spring

k k
-00000
00000

(vi)

(vi)

-
43 Time period of seconds pendulum
-
44 Which option represents an SHM
la
a=-kx+
(b) a = kx

45 What is the formula of reduced mass?

<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK

92 PHYSICSHAC
x (m)

b6 The x-t graph of a particle performing

simple harmonic motion is shoun in the fiqure.

The acceleration of the particle at t =
4
2sis
NEET) 2

Bio Multiple Low BMR Medium BMR

Revision (BMR) High BMR BEAST LEVEL

No. of revision 3 5
**
10

Revision time
(in minutes)

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<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
TIONS 93
oscLLA
ANSWERS
defined, as that motion which
motion is
|Pariodc
after equal
intervals of time.

bounded motion of a body about a fned

Perndcor,
2
t , v= Vmax

true
vce versa is

t*
3E (3) v =
0
x=-A (maximum),

Vbraton (4) t 5, x = 0,
5 v= Vmax
Hertz
6
1
Any physical
property into consideraton (5) +T,x th, v=0
pressure etc. l8 Equation represents a periodic motion here each
Mston, voltaqe,
term represents a periodic function with different
Sine and cosine
49 - T = time period of motion angular frequency
a
ft+ ) where
of time
daplacement y as function
0 4t)- coslwt has a period T =
2T
A- ampltude

W- angular frequency sin2t has a period T2 - and

-
wt+ phase
cos4wt has a period T3 =
- phase constant 12w
now the smallest interval after which these three
which will be the
=
Anet sinlWt + +
periods repeat themseves is
7
I2 A)
2. time period of this function.
19. x +
=A coslwt )
y-A sinlwt+ )
B 20. M) =
dldt=-WAsinwt
3 0 Bod must show oscillatory motion
- WAcoslwt+
Ampltude must be small

l Restoring force must follow - Fr oc -

k. 0 Find if equilibrium is available at a point
21 Ahead,

l Check eqution of restoring force that whether

follows Fr
oC -x 2 2r
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
94 PHYSICSHACK
36 tan
sring tactor W
xo
inertal factor
24 KE - am - Fo
YamwA'sinwt ) 37 A

YmwA-) mlw'- w)
PE
TE - VamwA?
s. YmwAcoswt ) amw' 38 A
Fo
Wjb
34 The phenomena of increase in amplitude
T, so
25. their frequency is tuice that of the position when
in SHM.
driving force is close to the naural
freaency
t,
oscillator. te
of
26 F
40. Lower

WT-2r4
42
mgl (0T-Z7
kike
m

28.(0 7 - 2r mmm2

(mq + mglk

q-a

29. T
m

31. F
9
=-bu 24
32. () F 43.2 sec
(i) )
=-k-
=
bu
4t. lal represents an
Ae-tZm coslwt + SHM
)
45.
J= mmm2
(m1 + m2)
liw)
El) - YAe-b/m 46. Here T - 8= LT w
33. Small I
4
34. x=A coslw!t+ Now, x = =
) SinWt sin
4
35. A =
to d = Ncos
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
TIONS 95
0SCLLA
At

t2,a l6
I6

MEME POINT

Studying physics to
understand concept

Studying physics to
understand physics in memes
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK

Chapto 15
WAVES
-
I Types of waves
2 Types of mechanical waves
wave propagation wave -
is called
3 If the medum oscilltes perpendicular to direction of
4. In longitudinal waves medum osclates along the direction of wave propagation. 1/F
5. Iransverse waves can propagate in solids, liquids and gases. I/F
6. Reason for the above statement is -

1Longtdinal waves can propaqate in solids, liquids and qases. TF

8. Reason for the above statement is -

4 For any function to be a wave

I0. For any traveling wave y should be in form

of -
Il ldentify the traveling waves in
the tollowing qiven tunctions -

Asinlax -
(y- b?
-
li y = Aeoswt- bd
li y AoosAwt sin(wt- kbl
(dy= Asinl2-33)
lui y = Asinlar +
b)
(vi y =
coskx sinwt
12.
What is harmonic wave?
I3. Spherical
and cylindrical progressive waves
are represented as -
I4. One dimensional
plane progressive wave
= is given by -
15. W
16. k=

In Direction of wave
is in
() Positive direction
when -
Gi) Negative direction
when -
I8 When a
wave changes
medium
doesnt change but
19. and
For wave changing changes
its medium

V2
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK

WAVES
97
velocity =
20,Wave
or phase
Medum particlevelocity
1 - -
Direction of wave tor y= -2sinl Wt kx) is
2
waves have same velocity in same mediunm. T/F
12 lonaitudinal and transverse
=
Speed of wave in stretched string (transverse wave) (NEET 2022)
24
= (longitudinal wave)
15 Speed of sound
in a v, now if the pressure is doubled by keeping the temperature constant the
t Lf
sned of sound medium is
-
sound will be
new speed ot
=
tuo medium particles are separated by distance
x then phase difference between them uil be
1f
and time difference between them
ears -
18. Range of frequency heard by human
-
Principle of superposition
2 -
30 Conditions for interference to occur

3. In interference enerqy can be created T/F

-
=
a1sinwt and yz
- azsinl Wt +
) then
32 lfy1

y1y2
(J Resutant intensity -

34. sind + sinB

35. cosA + cosB =

36. cosA - cosB =

31. cos20 =

38. In constructive interference -

=
) Phase difference

=
ln) Resutant ampltude
lw) Resultant intensity =

39. In destructive interference -

O Phase difference =
=
(H) Ax
(nl) Resutant amplitude =

Gaw)
Resutant intensity =
<br>

PHYSICSHAC,
@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
98

40 max
Imin
= asinlWt-kd
wave =
y1 -
4
Ifincident free boundary then
Now if it is
reflected from
) reflected wave
=

a Phase dfference of
wave =
reflected
b Equaton of
=
c Equaton of standing Wave
-
from rigid end then
li) Now if it is reflected
wave =
a Phase difference of reflected
wave =
b Equation of reflected
c Equation of standing Wave
wave in above question
42 Ampltude of standing
43. Standing wave can only be transverse. T/F
44. Total enerqy of standing wave is equal to the incident wave TIE

45. Al particles of standing wave execute SHM T/E

46. In case of standing wave on string

() Position of node and anti-node

(a) Number =
of anti-nodes
Ci) Formula of position of nodes =

liw) Formula =
of position of antinodes
=
(o) Frequency (NEET 2020)

(w Wavdength -
(ui) ln above formulae
for first harmonic (fundamental
frequency value of n =
(uin) In above formulae for second harmonic
(first overtune) value of n=
47. In closed organ pipe
only odd harmonics are
present T/E
48. In closed organ pipe or resonance
- tube
) pth overtune
harmonic
li) maximum possible wavelength

(wl v= (NEET 2023, 19)

() Position of nodes =
(vi) Position of antinodes =
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
WAVES
function of
99
is a sinecosine

organpipe -
epen
14 h
overtne = harmonic
(0 th wavelength
W Maximum possible

lod v= (NEET 2023)

=
(W Positon of nodes
=
Position of antinodes
l
lu) Ampltude is a tunction of sinecosine
same frequency is obtained when length is ratio of -
50 n resonance tube in

a streched string
S Wave traveling in is only transverse, T/F
52 Maximum
strain in stationary wave is at-
When prongs of tuning fork are loaded uith wax ita frequency decreasesfincreases
=
5 Resutant of S = acosuwyt and Sz acoswet is

55 lhn above question average anular frequenoy and beat angular frequency =

56 Beat frequcncy
= (NEET 2020)

51 Beat period =
=
58 Observed frequency in Dopper's effect
5A Wavelength uill not change in Doppler's effect until -
-
60 Frequency wil not change in Doppler's effect untl
61 Conditon for no Doppler's effect - (3)
62 Mauimum =
beat frequency for adequate recaption
63. End correction =

=
6:. The corrected length of open and closed organ pipe
05. For beat to be heard sources must be coherent. I/E
66. Loudness in decibel =
decreases. (NEET 2020)
in a qutar if tension of string is reduced then frequency increases/
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
PHYSICSHACK
100

Bio Multiple
LoWBMR Medium BMR High BMR BEASTLEVEL
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5 6 7 8
No. of revision

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<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
101
WAVES

ANSWERS
Electramagnetic waves
Mechanical waves, li)
10 waves V2
ondlil
Mater
waves
Longitudinal 20. v=
Av=
Iransverse waves and
lm)
A

wave
Iransverse = -vdy
3 21. vp
=WAcoslwt t kol dx
dt
in solds and
surface of lauids. here v is wave velocty
6Eomly
stress in the
6 Transverse waves produces sharing L2. +ve x-axis
cannot sustain it
medum and fluid 23. F
= tension in the string
17 24. v =, ,here T
waves produces compressive strain
8 Longitudinal
= linear mass denaity
uhich is sustained by al
25

same as trom the

26. v, speed of sound wil remain
Oy - Flat t bo
ideal gas equation when
pressure is doubled by
Gal, in) and liv) are travelling waves
I0, constant the volume become half
keeping temperature
12 Wave traveling with sine or cosine function.
and thus the density is doubled
Asinlwt- kr)
B Spherial -y
27. = 2x
Asinlwt- kr)
cyindrical - y -. 28. v = 20Hz-20kHz
+ where -
29. The dsplacement at any time due to a number of
4.y= AsinlWt- kx ).
simutaneously at a point in a medium
*= axis of propagation waves meeting
to
W= anqular or circular trequency is the vector sum of the individual displacement due

k= propagation constant
or wave number each one of the waves at that point at the same
time
30. () Two waves should have same frequency

16
wavlength and velocity
(i) Amplitude of the waves should be equal or nearly
n d wt and kx have opposite sign
equal
() wt and kx have same sign.
(i) Source must be coherent
o. Frequency wavelength and phase velocity
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK pHYSIGSHAC

102
b y2 = a sinlWt + ky)
energy is neither created nor
31 F. in interference cy= Za coskxsinlu)t
destroyed but
redstributed
where
S2. (ü yi + yz
= Asinlwt + ) a Ao = 180o
azsin
=
Za1azc0s)) tan -a sinlwt + ke)
lay + an
+ =
A= laj + agcos() b. y2

c. y = Za sinkxcoslwt

42 A = 2a sinkx
33. A

34. 2 sin
43. F t can be both transverse or longjitudinal

F.it is the tuice the enerqy of incident ond

35. reflected wave

45. F, all particle except those at node

36 2 si B/A-B| 46. () Nodes are formed at riqid end and antinod

37 cos -sin = 9 are formed in between the nodes

l-2 sin
38. () Ao =
2nt, n =
0,,2.. () no. of nodes -
n
() A =Amax = a1 + a2 2
(2n + D2
(iv x=
39. () Ao = (2n - 4

2L
(m) A =Amin = a1 - a2 2L

n
(ui) n=l
(vin) n =2
2
47.T
Imin
LVh-EJ 48. () (2p + )th harmonic
(i) max = 4l
+

2N -|
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
103
WAVES
n = 0.12...
every formula
And
N=,2,3.. 56. v1 - V2
here in
57
Luil Sine
harmonic
0lp+ Jth 58. v= V

9
here direction from source to listener is taken as

2L positive
N
54. The source is moving

60. Observer is moving

the source and listener are moving in

=

here in every formula n 0., 2... and N=l 23. b1. () IF

mutually perpendicular direchon

(2N- 02
is equal to
(i) If the velocity of source and listener

nd or more than sound

(i) When medium alone is moving

(wi) Gosine 62. 10 Hz

50 135. 63. 0.6r

64. Open -L + 2e Closed -L+e

52. Node 65. F
53. Decreases
+ Wz
|(wh
54. S= Zacos COS
intensity at lstener, lo
= intensity at source
2 here l-
= W1+ Wz 67. Decreases
55.Average angular trequency
2
W2
MEME POINT
Beat angular frequency W-
2

SHM TE
Wave

Fluid mechanics
<br>

m 3.dr
@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
yWar
dA m

Gm V=
]am
=Gm
mass
M=Gm
M

m
g=-GM A
PHYSICSHACKM
Class

9
XH m
M
-(lw'a

f
2enith

drz
V=ram
Js
Imass
M=Gm
m
GM_(lwillsn M
Irt

g=GM
f dr=- 9ar (lwil
zenilh angh
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK

Captet
ELECTRIC CHARGES AND FIELDS
conductors?
What are
|
are insulators?
2 What
3 When
a glas rodis rubbed with silk e are transferred to -

4 When plasticis rubbed with wool e are transferred to -

5Lke charges attract each other and unlike charges repel each other:. T/F
-
6 What is the sure test of electrification
1 Basic unit of charge is -

=
& Charge and mass ot electron, proton and neutron

q What are quark particles

-

0. Charges on quark partices

L Why is quark not taken as an elementary unit for quantizaton instead of an electron?
I2 S. unit of charge -

3. CGS. unit -
of charge
-
4 Biggest unit of charge
5.lemu=
l6 At surface of conductor charge density oc
n lnduced charge =
I8. Induced charge is -- in nature.

R Coulomb's law = (NEET 2020, 19)

20. In above question k =

21.
Value
of Eo =
22 Electric field due to point charge =

23. Force due to electric field =

-
no, electrical field lines are associated with IG oft charge
4.- of
on.
15. Electrostatic field ines originate from charge and end charge

l6. lwo field ines can intersect each other. l/E

Z1.Electrostatie field lines can form closed loops.
IT
the surtace of a conductor but theu never enter inside
cO Ciectrostatic field lines are always perpendicular at
a conductor.
T/F (NEET 2022)
29. Curved non-uniform field T/F
field ines always represent
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK PHYSICSHACK

106 field lines. T/E

is repulsion between the
There
30.
tendency to
-
area normal to the Ines, is
proportional toA
31 Field lines have per unit
through
The number of
feld lnes crossing
32
20210)
=
33. Electric flex (A¢) area used instead of actual area of tho
through a curved surface, projected
calculating flux
34. While
surface TIF
uniformly charged ring on axis= =
35. Electrie field of each other
two opposite and equal charges
at a distance Za from
36. Dipole moment of
37. Electric field due to dipole

() at axis =
=
lil at axis if dipole is short
=
(il at equatorial plane
(NEET 2020)
liv at equatorial plane if dipole is short
=
l) at any point (NEET 2022)
=
38. Torque on dipole (NEET 2023)

34 Force between two dipoles when

à placed along axis =

lil placed paralel to each other =

40. Timeperiod of SHM of dipole in electric field =
4. Electric field due to infinitely long lne charge = (NEET 2019)
42. Electric field due to
finitel long line charge =
43 E - loutside a charged sphere) (NEET
2020, 19)
44. E = (inside hollou
conducting sphere) (NEET 2019)
45.E = (inside non-conducting uniformly
charged sphere)
46. Electric field due to -

() non-conducting infinite plane sheet =

li Conducting infinite plane sheet =

47.In DigaQ.l, electric field
due to arc with
uniform charge
density at its centre =
Digall
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
ELECTRIC CHARGES AND FIELDS
107
-
lausslaw
laussian
surface cannot pass through any discrete charge T/F

sin surface can pass through a continuus charge dstrbuton, T/E

- EdS=9
ga Gausslaw ie
-
(O the charge on the right side inchudes
electric field on leff side incudes field produced by -
(i) the
on T/E
52 louss law is based| inverse square law

R Electric flux due to charge present

=
()A# the corner of a cube
=
(i) Af the edge of a cube
=
(u) At a face of a cube
54. Mass and velocity relation:

LowW BMR High BMR BEAST LEVEL

Bio Multiple Medium BMR
Revision (BMR)

5 6 9 10
No. of revision

Revision time
(in minutes)

Active space
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
PHYSICSAAC
108

ANSWERS
=
The substances that allouw easy passage of 20. k

- metals, human, earth

eectricty through them eg 21. Eo = 8.85 x \0-12 CIN2
etc
2 Substances that does not allow
easy passage of
22.
E-A
eg - plastics, wood etc. a
electricity through them 23. F-
3. Sik
24.
4. Plastic rod

5.F, like charges repel each other whle unlike 25. Positive, negative

charqes attract each other 26. F

6.Presence
of repulsion 27. F
1 An electron or a proton
28. T

8 Electron - charge = 602 x I0-1 C

29, T

mass = >x
l (0-5 ka
30. T
Proton - charge = \602 x I0-1C
31. Contract
mass = l67 x
\0- kg 32. Magnitude
Neutron - charge = neutral of field
33. A$ = EAS - EAScos
mass = L68 x |0-27 kg
34. T
9. They are the fundamental constituent of matter
I0. They are
of two types - first hauing
-e/3 charge
and second hauing
+2e/3 charge
I. Because they are not stable
in isolated state.
12. Coulomb or ampere
X sec
3. Franklin or stat coulomb or esu,
lC=3 x \0 esu
4. Faraday,
IIF-6500 C
Actual areg =
I5. 0J C 2r Prgjected area
=
I
16 = KQx
35. E
R
36. p
I8. Opposite
Zä

I9,
Fq1q2
37.() = 2kpr
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK

CHARGES AND FIELDS 109

ELECTRIC

-
where, J surface charge desity

47E:
a
48. The electric fux passing through dosed surface
divided by
is equal to charge enclosed by the surface

4e
ie. - EdS
= =
Eo
Eo
surface, field at
4 49. T, this is because Gaussian
in
field is not
every point should be defined but electric
well defined at the location of discrete charges.
r
where, I- moment of inertia 50. T
qaussian surface
5/. () Charges present inside the
2k2 where, - linear charge density Charges present both outside
and inside
l
+ cosß) 52. T
kalsinca + sinß) -. kalcosa
42 Ex = Ey
qe
53. ()

()
4.E-0
45Ekar
mo
=
54. m
46. ()

MEME POINT

Coulomb
Nowton

'coulamb
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
Chapten 2
ELECTROSTATIC POTENTIAI
AND CAPACITANCE
Llel =_J
-
2 Sl. unit of electric potential
-
3. Dimensions of electric potential
to -
4 Formula of electric potential due
= (NEET 2024, 23)
0 Point charge
=
Gi) Electric dpole NEET 2020)
=
(Gi) Charged ring on its axis
Gw) Outside a charged sphere/shell = (NEET 2020, 19)

() Inside non-conducting sphere =

(ud Inside shell or conducting sphere = (NEET 2022, 21, 20)
5. Relation between electric field and potential -
6. When a positive charge moves in
the direction of electric field, potential increases/decreases. (NEET 2078
1.Potential enerqy
of system of tuo charges=
8.How to calculate potential enerqy
of system of more than two charges -
4 Relation between
potential energy and -
potential
I0. Potential enerqy
of a system =
IL,Work done by
external force =

I2. Work dorne by

electric field =
3. What is self potential energy
4. Self potential enerqy of sphere =
I5. Potential enerqy
of dipole =
I6. Work done in
rotating dipole from
O1 to Oz
In. Value of potential enerqy
torque and type of
and field is equlibrium of dipole
in electric field when angle betueen dyot

()0-0°.
(i)0 - 180°
Ci) 90°
I8. When there
is no electric current
inside or on
the surface oft a conductor,
the electric field inside the
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
ELECTROSTATIC POTENTIAL
AND CAPACITANCE 111
conductor is everywhere zero T/F

9
Electric fled at the surface of charged conductor =

conductor is placed
20 lfa in an electric field then the
charge willappear on the surface of the conductor
such that

becomes zero atter earthing. Digall

bacomes equal when connected by a
2
conducting wre. (NEET 2021, 19)

23.Insulators are also called -

E
24. Polarisation
= 0
15. What is capacitance?
=
26 Sl unit of capacitance
27 What is delectric strength?
28.Dielectric =
strength of air
29C= lin terms of Q
and V) (NEET 2014)
Digal?
30 C - (for sphere)
31
C- (for paralel plate capacitor) (NEET 2020)

32 C' = lwhen a dielectric is added)

=
33 VCe (in series) (NEET 2023)
34 Ce - lin parallel)l (NEET 2023, 21)
35 In Diga&l, C = Ri

36. In =
Digal 2, C
37. Electric field inside a dielectric slab with dielectric

constant K placed betueen the plates of a paralal plate capacitor

38 Copasctance of parald late capacitor if delectre dabs are placed betuen the plates lalong the length of
-
the plates as shoun in Digal 3) (NEET 2020) DigaQ3 DigaQ.4
34 In Digalt, C -
=
H0 Enerqy sored in capacitor
K
(NEET 2024, 22, 21)
=
Energy density in paralll plate capacitor
-
42 remains constant when
K2
@ battery is attached to a capacitor
(W battery is removed from a capacitor
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
PHYSICSHAC
112
Digal5
C ond C2 charged
43 When tuo capacitors
to potental V ond V2 respeciuely ore

connected such that the positve

ferminal

of one capacitor is connected

to the positve

terminal of other, the new potential

-
dfference behucen them is qiven as
(NEET 2022, 19) CA

44. lf in above case positive terminal is DigaQ 6

connected to the negative terminal then V :

45.Electrostatic field is conservative. T/F

46. lf in Digal5. G.3 then Ce =

CA

HE
47. In Digal.6. Ce =

48. By applying Kirchoffs law, solve the

following circut shoun in Digal.1 6
Digaâ.]
3
44, In the infinite ladder
shoun in Digal.8,
Ce =

50. InDigal4. the equivalent capacitance

between - 3
()a andb
(i) a and c

a and d 3
(m) 6
S/. Capactance of cylindrical
capacitor
52. Value of K
for metal and air respectively

Digal8 DigaQ4
d
2 H
2

infinite
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK

113
POTENTIAL AND CAPACITANCE
ACTROSTATIC}

High BMR BEAST LEVEL

Low BMR Medium BMR
Multiple
Bio (BMR)
Revision
1

3 4 5 6 7

No. of
revision olololololo
Revision time
(in minutes)

Active space
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
114 pHYSICSHt

ANSWERS
L16x (0-19J
16 W--pElcos®2 - cos4)
2 VolH

3 ML21-4-1
I7 (G U=-p (minimum),
stable
emulorin
I-0, unstable
equl
kpcos kpos) 18. T

2.oos0
19E-A
20. Thefeld produced by
this charge

r
equal to the external electric
field
isoponte
andcancels
,
kQ13R²-2) inside the conductor so
that there no t
is fieldinste
2R3 the conductor.
21. Potential
22. Potential
5.N=-Edr
23. Dielectrics
6. Decreases
24. P = eoXeE where Xe - electrical
suscetth
dielectric medium

8 First make pairs 25. IH is the amount

of all charges with each other of charqe required to raise e
such that every charge is paired with allthe potential of a conductor by one
other volt
charges once, the 26. Farad
total no. of pairs is qiven by
- Z1.lhe maximum electric field that a dielectric
formula nln- )
2 medium can withstand without breakdown
Now calculate
potential enerqy 28.3 x \0
of all pairs and add V/m
them
29 CQ
I0. Total work
done in assembing the configuration 30. C = 4TEOr

12. - -AU = UA - UB
d
13. IH
is the work done 32. C = KC
to charge a
sphere or shell

33
2R Ce
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK

AECTROSTATIC POTENTIAL. AND CAPACITANCE 115

Ge 4

47, Ce =
C+Cq+ 23
48. Kirchoffs law is appled in 4 steps -

R-R (0 ldentity node (node

-
point where charge is divided)
Eo = Field between the plates
Eo
37Ewhere () ldentify branch (branch
-
path from one node to
K Aeo another)
in) Assume a reference point whereV=0
according to the conservation
li) Now write equation
nodes -
of charge at the unknoun
24 lk- 10)6 + a- 3 a- O)3 - 0 +

O16 = 0
y- I0)3 + ly - d3 + ly-
-
2 Now from these equations value of x and y are

*=6.y-4
2 on the plates connected to the
Now find the charge
42 0Charge

() Potential difference
battery
- - = 42
ie - Q= (0 d6+ (I0 3 =
43 V= This Q = CeV. 42 =Ge X I0, Ce 42 F

Deriaton - The total charge of the system will be 6

X

-
conserved thus

Gh+ Czlz
= CyV+ CzV. from here the above

formala can be obtained

3 6

Deriaton
-
The total charge of the system wil be

conserved thus

iy-CVy - CV+ CV. from here the above I0 V

Ce = x
formula can be obtained 49. In this type of question let the
segment and replace the rest
45.T Nou keep one repeating
x

46. In this case the Cs can be removed trom the repeating segments with
of the
at its both ends is equal due
drcut as the potential Now solve this circuit.
x
2l x/&+3) =|
+
case = x=
to the
fact that G3 thus the le in this
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
PHYSICSHA
116
=
4C
(i) Clac)
3
2
Ini) Clad) - 6C
5

5. C =

B
12C
Clab) = 52. infinite, I
50 ()
7

MEME POINT

Teacher: you have a lot

of potential

me
redhan aands
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK

Chupto 3
CURRENT ELECTRICITY

-(NEET 2023)
2 Ohms law
-
resistance
?Sl unit ot
-
LPesistance of a conductor depends on
= (NEET 2024, 20)
s Resistance of a slab

6 What is current dersity gi?

2022, 21)
1j= (NEET
& Current density is a scalar/ vector quantity
-
4Drection of current density is along

Drft velociy v
= (NEET 2024, 21)

13 What is mobilty (u)?

4u=(NEET2020) decreases with increase in temperature. (NEET 2022.

5 Resistuity of semiconductors and insulators increases/

20)
temperature. (NEET 2022)
16
Resistvity of metals or conductors
increases/decreases with increase in

(NEET 2021)
lp-
is around -
I8 Value of Hhermal and drift velocity of electron
-

9 Wire bound resistors are made trom

20. Reason for above question is -
represent?
What does each band in carbon resistor
21. a
-
colour codes (NEET 2023, 20)
LL lable to memorise all the

23. VA graph of Gats

temperature TVF
24. Ohm's law is only aphcablae at low
increases/decreases
25. Non-ohmic resistance on increasing temperature
(NEET 2023)
°C = lwhen T< 300°C)
Kesistivity at temperature
T
20
300°C)
21. Resistiuty at temperature T °C = (when T> between p and D =

respectively then relation

0.IH p1 and
P are resistiuities at ,°C and t°C
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK PHYSICSHAC
202n!
118
semiconductors - NEET
conductors, nichrome
and
29 p vs Tgraph for than 0°C, the Pr
vs graph
I
temperature much lower Digal!
30 Af
considerably for straight ine T/F
conductors deviates
for
=
31 ae in Digall
-
32. de in Digal2
21 20 19)
= lin seriesl (NEET 2023, Digal2
33 Re
2024, 23, 21, 20, 19)
lin paralel (NEET
34
Re
- (KCL)
35. Kirchoffs first rule
- (KVL) (NEET 2023, 20)
36 Kirchoffs second rule R2
31Sign convention used for KVL - (NEET 2023, 20) 2
=
38 Pouer los in resistance (NEET 2024, 22)

34 Power loss in transmission

C
40. Potential ifference across a cell of emfE and internal resistance r when -

()H is in open circuit

()H is charging
(i) H is discharging

4. In series combination of cell equivalent

emf =
42 In paralel combination of cell equivalent
emf =
43. For maimum current
in the circuit shown in DigaQ3, relation between n
and m should be -
Digal.3

-cels

m-rowS

Digal4
R
H

R
44. Equivalent
resistance across
AG, AC and AB
problem shoun in the given cube
in DigaQ+
is

B
R
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
ELECTRICITy 119

eLRRENT -
balanced Wheatstone bridye shoun in Diga85 Digal5
for
resistance in a meter bridge shoun in Digal 6 =
B
funknown

Dgal6
R

uulu E

metre scale
Digal1

the wire at
L7/fa and B are end corrections to attach
=
new formula for the above question
both ends
then the
value of
wheatstone bridge is used to determine the
A adjusting the variable
resistance Y

knoun resistance X by
most precise measurement
s shoun in Digal I For the
(NEET 2022)
fX the resstances P andQ E
is interchanged
of gakanometer and battery
4fpaton balance point (NEET 2019)
work? yes then what will happen to the
rameter brdge then wil the bridge lf
Ih -
50 potentiometer

0Emf of cell - (NEET 20210)

=
Relation between emfof two cells
=
li) Internal resistance of cell
is uncharged initially then at
any time
t-
5Ifin a resistance- capacitor circuit the capacitor
The charge on capacitor =

() The current in circuit =

=

) Potential difference across capacitor

=
Iv) Potential difference across resistance

(dT= (time constant)

52 What is
time constant
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
pHYSICaMACY
120
time constant of a
circuit
53. How to calculate
is charged initially then at any time f
54. in a RC circuit the capacitor
lf
=
() The charge on capacitor
=
() The current in circuit
=
(u) Potential difference across capacitor

() Potential difference across resistance =

55 lf a resistance, capacitor and an inductor is connected I to a DC

for numerical battery then
purpose,
(0 Resstance offered by capacitor and inductor in intial state can be considered an
-

() Resistance offered by capactor and inductor

in steady state can be consdered (NEET
56 Resistance of galvanometer and ammeter are - 202%,K

57 What is the function of fuse? (NWEET 2019)

58. Fuse wire has high
low melting point and high/ low resistivity.
59 Relation be ween Vi & V2 and in & iz
in Digal 8 - (NEET 2019)
DigaQ 8 Circuit F
Circuit 2:

Blo Multiple
Low BMR Medium BMR
Revision (BMR)
High BMR BEAST LEVEL

No. of revision 3
5 6 8 9

Revision time
(in minutes)

Active space
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
ELECTRICITY 121
cURRENT

ANSWERS
A 21.
First tuo bands represert
-
first tuo significant

fiqures of the resistance in ohm

Third band - decimal multipler
2V-R
Last band - Tolerance
conductor
0
Dimensions of the 22. Mmemonic for the colours
conductor
W Material of BB ROY Great Britain Very ood Wife

resistivity of a conductor Number Mutiplier Tolerance (3)

where P- Colour

Black
on the nature of the conductor)
ldypends only
Broun
&lHis the current per unit normal area
Red

1=-0E - uhere
neuy - conductvty
O
Orange 3
Yellow
Vector
8
Green
4 Eectric field
Blue 6
Violet

Gray Ig8
=
where, T relaxation time
nhe White
between two successive colision ofe Gold Io-1 52

Silver I0-2
lemperature No colour 20%
B The magnitude of the drift velocity per unit
dlectric field
23.

5 Decreases
l6. Increases

5V I0 V V (vol)

This graph shows that Gahs has more than one value
kike - magnanin, constantan, nichrome etc. of potential at same current

0 Ihe resistivities of these alloys are insensitive to 24. T

temperature 25. Decreases

<br>

pHYSICSHAC,
@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
a closed
across resistors in loop
122
po- resistuity at 0 C is zero.
all uhere change in potental in travering
The
poll+ 37 ()
26 pr - temperature
- + aI+ BTl aß resistance in the direction of current a
7pr pol is
coefficients opposite direchon is +R
|+ at (i) The change in potential in traversing
from negative to posithve terminal is +£ abattey
29, Conductors The
(i) change in potental in traversing

capacitor from the negative termial

a
tothe
04 poite
terminal ia
024
- =
38. P

P
RVI
50
Nichrome -

39 RRC

I20+ 40. () E

() E+I

4W. Ee = E1 +
L00 +Ez E3..
200 400 600 800 T IK)

Semiconductors - E1, E2, Es

42. Ee = r1 r2

r2 r3
43. nr =
mk where, r - internal resistance of cell

44. RAG = 5R RAC = 3R

RAB R
6 2
30. T 45,
R2R4
R1
31. Recle = Raa, +
Ra2 R
32. 46 R-s h
a/Re = a/R+ az/R2
33. Re = R1 + R2
J00- h

34. /Re = WR, + VR 47Rs|I00h+a

35. The algebraic sum 48. Should be approximately
-h + B
of all current meeting at a equal and small
junction or node is zero 44. Yes, balance
point will remain the same
36. The algebraic sum
of all emnf and potentil 50. () e = x
where, x - potential
drop gradient
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
ELECTRICITY
cURRENT
123
h
(i) Find Re across
capacitor
(i) Now T ReC

(i) loe-HRC
Ve-tRC VC
(i) Ve-/RC

R (iv) VR Vet/RC
-
(n) VIl etRC) 55. () capacitor - 0, inductor - infinite
(il capacitor - infinte, inductor - 0
(WT=RC 56. Galvanometer - very high, ammeter - very low lin
His defined as the time in which charge on ideal condition galvanomefter - infinite, ammeter - 0)

capacitor becomes 63% of maximum charge on 57.H protects electrical applances from damage by

capacitor. melting when too much current passes through them

53 () Short circuit the battery 58. Low, hih

54. V, = V2 and in = i2

MEME POINT

offoy
.Dtrection
3r electron

Dlrectlono tlow.
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK

Chupto 4
MOVING CHARGES AND MAGNETSM

Static charqe produces

2Mouing charge produces

3.
Sources of magnetc field
-

4 Force due to magnetic field

=
(Lorentz force) (NEET 2021)

5 How to determine Hthe direction of Lorentz force using right hnd thumb rle -
6 Lorentz force carnot change speed and kinetic enerqy of charged particle. T/F

lLorentz force can change velooity and momentum of particle. T/F

8.
Work done by magnetic force =

9 Sl. unit of magnetic field -

10.CGS. unit of magnetic field -

IL1Oersted=
I2 Path of charged partidle when it is projected parall or antiparalel to magnetic field -
is
I3. Pathof charged partiole when it is projected perpendicular to
magnetic field is
la Radius,
anular velocity,time period of revolution Hhis circular
of path = (NEET 2019)
I5. Path
of charged particle when it is projected
such that its velocity is not parallel,
perpendicular to magnetic field is -
antiparalll or

I6. Radius, angular velocity time period

of revolution and pitch of
this helical path = DigaQ!
n Ifin a regjon there is electric and maqnetic
field perpendicular
to each other and also
to the velocity
of particle projected in
reqgionthen the velocity particle that
of such that it passes
undeflected
in that region wil
be
18. In
Digal., sin =

What is a cycotron?
20. Cyclotron uses
both electric and
magnetic field
2. Kinetic energy of ions T/F
leaving cyclotron =
22. Frequency
of cydotron = d
23. If a charge particle is
at rest and an observer
particle will be is moving with some
zero/ non-zero wr.t. velocity, now the Lorentz force on the
the observer.
24. dB = (Biot-savart
law) (NEET
2022)
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
CHARGES, AND MAGNETISM 125
MOVING

Bof-savarts lowis for current carrying conductors only T/F (NEET 2022)
5
ramoving chargel
s lawis analogous to Goulomb's q uwith the former being related
inverse square lau of
charqe

produed by a scalar souroe, ld, whle Hhe latter beng produced by a vecor source, 4 WE (NEET

0 Drecton
of magneticfield in Biot-savarts law
is gjiven by -
Magretc feld
on
the centre of current carrying loop = (NEET 2023, 19)
3
Magnehefeld
on axis of current carrying loop =
the
Z
22 Maanetic field at the centre ot a current carrying conductor bent in form of an arc of radius R,

=
sbtending angle at its centre is
Magnetic field due to straight conductor
= (NEET 2022, 21, 19)
4
-
circuital law
35 Ampere s
36 Magnetc field inside a long straight current carrying cylindrical conductor at
a distance r luhere -r<R)
- INEET 2023, 22, 19)
from the axis
solenojd = (NEET 2022, 20)
37 Magretic field at the centre and edge of
a toroid = (NEET 2019)
8 Magpetic fld inside and outside
in magnetic field = (NEET 2023)
31 Force on current carrying conductor
=
40 Force on current carrying closed loop in magnetic field
-
H Force per unit length between tuo parallel current carrying conductor
through tuo paralel conductors then they
attract/repel each
42. When the current flows in same sense

other.

moment = (NEET 202, 20)

3 Mogretic dpole
44. Inll + xl =
=
*0 Magnetic dipole moment of electron

46 Bohr maqneton
41.Toraque
on dipole in magnetic field
-
48, Ratio of
magnetic moment and
moment of
inertia =
=
44.
h moving coil galvanometer (MCG) deflection
-
to use a galvanometer as an ammeter
u What needs to be done in order
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
PHYSIGSHAC
126
=
sensihuity of gavanometer
S. Current
52 Voltage senstuty of galanometer
MCG the current and voltage
sensitivity becomes twice.
53. On doubing the no. of turns
in T/F
ammeter range i =
54 Shunt resistance required to convert qalvanometer into of
to convert galvanometer into voltmeter of
range V =
55. Resistance required

Bio Multiple Low BMR Medium BMR High BMR BEASTLEVEL

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@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
CHARGES AND MAGNETISM 127
MOVING

ANSWERS

IEkcthie
faelt
magnetic field both Zm
Eoctric and
charges Gi) Current carrying conductor, 22.
Mouing
3
Magnet 23. Non-zero
B)
4Frglix
5
Place the
finger along the drection of velooity of 24 B. Hox)
the finger touards the
cde ond then curl 25. T
your thumb,
kcfon of magnetic filed and stretch Hoqx
26 B.
be direction of thumb is the direction of force
source is 4
27. F, vector source is ldl and scalar
61 28. 10- TmA I in CaS uit
29. 3 x I0 ms
& Zero
30. Tx
4 Tesla
O.
Causs, | T = I0*
gauss
31. B =

T
2R
I 80 Beentre
32 B=
2 Staght ine
3.
Circular
33
m 2rm
4.r= 4R
m BL
R. Holsina + sinp (for finite length).,
5. Helical
mvsin
l6.r= B= Po_ (for infinite length
m 2rtR
pitch =
vcosT 35. - Mo

Hoir
36 B.
37.At centre =
nilo =
niPolsinc +
sinß) at edge
8 sin =
where r =
radius of the circular path
r NPo uhere, n = no.
of turns per unit length
folued by partide 2
= = 0.
used to acelerate charged 38. Inside nijlo outside
H
tisa machine
N
particles
where n = no. of turns per unit lenqth
20 T 2tr
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
128 PHYSICSHAC
the distance between
34
F=ix B where, I
is 48
M9L
conductor
intial and the final point of the
=
/NAB\
49.
40 Zero
K
Uo'2 50 Galvanometer needs
to
2Tr
be connected
resistance (shunt) to
in paralel
42 Attract combination asmo

43 M= NIA 5/.
K
NAB
52
V KR
neh
45 53. F, only current
4Tme sensitivity becomes
tuica
G
eh - 927 x (0-4 J/T 54. rs =
46 i
4Tme

47T- M×B 55. R =

V
G

MEME POINT

B
RHA
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK

Chupto 5
MAGNETISM AND MATTER
of maqnet can never be separated T/E
poles
Ihe
magnetc fhax through any closed surface = (NEET
2023)
Net
attract/repel each other.
3Liepoks
a bar magnet
Magreto lngth
of

is_of its actual length.

magnetc feld lines of a magnet form close-continuous loops. T/F
5The
Magnehe feldI ines can intersect each other. T/E
6
Qstside the body of magnet the directon of magnetic field
1 is from. to
of nmagnet the direction of maqnetic field
the body is
hside

the no. of field line per unit area stronger/

fromto
lwr weaker the magnetic field

O
Magretc ines of force come out or go into a magnetic material only at right angle. TIE

Whle cutting a magnet trom middle around longitudinal direction the pole strength and magnetic moment of
=
the remaining part

Whle cutting a magnet from middle around transverse Digal!

=
irechon the pole strength and magnetic moment of the remaining part
=
B Magnetc moment ot the magnet qiven in DiqaQl (NEET 2024)

4B- lon axis of a solenoid or bar magnet)

6B- lot equatrial position of solenoid or bar magnet! +m
-m6
-
6 Equatorial and axial position are also knouwn as
=
period of bar magnet placed in magnetic field (NEET 2024)
Iline
B Work done on dipole to rotate it from inital orientation O, to final orientation Oz =

H Patential enerqy of dipole in uniform maqnetic field= (NEET 2024)

-
Magnetic monopoles do not exist, this statement is result of
0
1 Gauses of earth magnetism acording to old theory -
22. This theory failed because
-
3.Cause
of earth maqnetic field acording to modern theory
Energy source for this current is -

5 Effect of earth maqnetic field on cosmic rays is

0. Magnetic axis of earth is tilted approximately -_° with respect to rotational axis of earth
21 What
is magnetic decination?
i
l8. Anale
of declination is more aT and less near
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK

130
PHYSICSHACX
29 What is magnetic incination laip)?

30. Angle of dip is maximum and minimum at and respectiely

=
31. tan ð
=
32 BH (NEET 2019)

33. BV = (NEET 2019)

34. When north pole of a dip needle points dounwards the anqle of dip is - (tvel -ve)

35 in northern magnehc hemsphare dp angle is - level-ve) (NEET 2019)

36. Dip ange is measured by -

31.How many neutral points willbe obtained when magnet is

placed such that
@ ts north pole points towards magnetic south of earth -

li) Hs north pole points towards magnetic north of earth

Gil when magnet is placed verticalyon a board
38. If a dp circle is placed perpendicular to the magnetic
meridian, then the magnetic
nedle wil atos i
direction.
39, Vertical component
of earth's magnetic field is not considered as an
element of earths magnetic feld Tc
40. What is tangent law?

4. Intensity of magnetisation =
42. Intensity of magnetisation
of free space =

4t. Magnetic intensity of solenoid =

45. Magnetic intensity
of solenoid is independent of the material
46. Relation
of the core of solenoid T/F
betueen HB andT.
41. Magnetic susceptbity
of material =
48. Magnetic permeabity
-
49. Relative permeabilty
(u) - (NEET 2024, 20)
50.Value of Pr for diamagnetic, paramagnetic
and ferromaqnetic materials -
51. (NEET 2024)
What are diamagnetic substances -
52. Examples of diamagnetic substances -
53. Magnetic susceptiblity
of diamagnetic substance is independent
54 of temperature T/F
is a universal property
of allsubstances.
55. Value of Xm and
Ur for superconductors =
56. Superconductors exist - at
57.This phenomenon of
perfect diamagnetism in
superconductors is known as
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
MAGNETISI1AND MATTER 131

repealedWattracted by magnets
: substances are weakly

substances are weakly repealed/ attracted by magnete

Paramagnetic

51 tend to pass through paramagnetic substances. T/F

feld lines
substances -
paramagnetic
Eamples of
A
Curie slawferromagnetic substances?
6& What are
substances increases/ decreases
Wdh rse in temperature susceptibility of terromagnetic
temperature?
What is curie
5 lurie-Weiss law
66 -
ferromagnetic substances
61 Examples of substances -
vs lemp graph tor diamagnetic,
paramagnetic and ferromagnetic
B Ym
=
paramagnetic and terromagnetic substances
A Value of Xm for magnetsation and
inside a ferromagnetic substance for a complete cycle of
n Grech of magnetic field

danagnetsaton
-
area encosed by the hysteresis lop in the above question represents
1 The

2 What is retentuty?
13 What is coercivity?
low retentiuty and
high low coercivity
Hard magnets have high

high low retentiuty and

high low coercivity
5 Sof magnets have high/ low coercivity
Permanent magnets should have high/low
retentiuty and
h
retentiuty and high lou coercivty
Eectramagnets have high/ low

8 What are
(0 lsogonic lines -

lid Agonic lines -

(i)l lsoclinic lines

() Aclinic lhines -
(W laodynamiclines -
=
4 Relation
between dip angle and magnetic
latitude of a place

0n tangent qalvanometer -
=
) Current

li reduction factor (K) =

=
angent galanometeris most sensitve when deflection is
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
PHYSICSHACK
132
BMRMedium BMR High BMR BEAST
LOW EVEL
Blo Multiple
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<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
MAGNETISM,AND MATTER
133

ANSWERS

by convective motion of molton iron and nickel in

outer core of earth.

24. The Radioactuity of the interior of the earth

25. Intensity of cosmic rays is higher on poles than at

equator
26. I13º

pole 27. IH is the angle between the true geographic

7Northpole
to south north

Southpole to
north pole south direction and the north-south direction showed
( by the compass needle.
Stronger
28. Higher latitude. equator
0Eat any angle
M 29. IH is the angle between axis of needle lin magnetic
,M=
2 meridian) which is free to move about horizontal axis
M and horizontal
30. Poles (9O°) and equator (0°)
3 M= mx BV
31. tan ð =
Ho2Mr
BH
32. BH = Becos
half of the length of the magnet
uhere, | -
33. BV - Besin ð
PoM
5B- - 34. +ve

35. +ve
6 Broad side or tan B position and end on or tan A
36. Dip circle
poaton respectiely
37. () Two
I - moment of inertia Magnehic north
where,
MB
BW--MBlcos®2 - cosb
RU--MBcos
20. uauss's
theorem in maqnetism
BH BH
2. Due
toa very large bar magnet placedd deep inside
earth along
rotational axis.
. Ihe interior of earth s too hot to maintain any
NP
magnetism. Magnetic south

Uynamo effect - Due to electric current produced

<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
134 PHYSIGSHACE

(i) lhfinte lalong equatorial circlel 47 Xm=

Magnetic north
u=
B
48
H
BH BH

NF

50. Diamagnetic - 0s
Paramagnetic
r<l
-l< r<lx
(x - small
positive
Ferromagnetic - Pr number

(i) One
Magnetic south
SL Substances
>l
that get magnetised in a
directon
opposite to thatof esternal
magnetising
fieldondm
moment
magnetic of an atom in these
substance

zero. is
52. Bismuth, copper,
NP BH lead, slicon, nitroqen, water.
N
etc
Bs
53. T
38. Vertically BN
54. Diamagnetim
39. T
55. Xm = -, ur
40. When a magnet is simultaneously =0
acted upon by 56. Very low temperature
two fields at right angle to each other, it
,
will be
57. Meissner effect
deflected through an angle
such that the tangent
58. Repealed
of the angle of deflection qives the ratio
of the two 59. Attracted
- tan
fields. ie.
=B 60. T
BH
61. Al, Na, Ca 0z Cuch etc.
Volume 62. Intensity
of magnetisation of paramagnete
42. 0
Bo substance = or Xm of paramagnetic
T

e, substance = cHo where, c - Curie's constant

H= ni
T
45.T 63. These are substances that qet strongly

magnetised when placed magnehe hel

in n external
64. Decreases

65. The transition temperature at which a

<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
MATTER
MAGNETISM.AND 135

substance is
converted into 1 Loss of energy per unit volume during cyce
magnehe. of
tance magnetisation and demagnetiation
peramagnetie
subs
tomperature a ferromagnetic 12. Afer maqnetisation when the magnetisinqg
feld is
paramagnetic whose magnetic reduced to zero the magnetc field left in the material
becomes
gdstance
folou this law which is
is its retentity
srhbity
13. The value of intensity of magnetsing fied needed
C
to reduce net magnetic field to zero in substance
Xn.Tc
while demagnetsing
X^
ahico etc 4. High high
slyslke
75. Low, low
76. High high

11. Low, low

16.(0 Lines joining places of equal angle of declination

joining places
li) Lines of zero angle of declnation
Gi) Line joining places of equal angle of di
lio Line joining places of zero angle of dip
Paramagneti - Line joining places of equal value of horizontal
()
component of earths magnetic field
=
79. tanð tand.

80. ()1- K tan 9

2-BH

Jon
Feromagnetic -
8l. 450

MEME POINT

-
6l Paramagnetic substances 103- (0-5

Tromagnetic substances - I0
-
I05 Tumhare physicS mn 180/ 180 aye)

PhysicsHack user haan, vo to sbke ate hai

Sabke nhh ate laxhman.

<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK

Chapter 6
ELECTROMAGNETICINDUCTION
= (NEET 2022, 20, 19)
IMagnetic flux
2 Sl. unit of magnetic flux
-
3. CGS. unit of magnetic flux
induction - (NEET 20I9)
4 Faraday's law of
5. What is Lenz's law?
-
6. Lenzs lauw is according to the law of conservation of

7 Motional emf =
-
8. Direction of current in motinal emf is qiven by
9. The flow of current induced in conductor is from louer potential to higher potentil inside
the conductor.
T/F
I0. External force required to move a conductor with constant velocity in a reqion of magnetic feld a
LA rod of lergth L is
rotated abeut its end uith angular velocity W in
unitorm magnetic field perpandcdr'i
the plane of rotation, the induced emf in the rod = (NEET 2020, 9)
I2. The induced electric field
by changing maqnetic field is qiven as -
I3 The electric field produced
by changing magnetic
field is conservative/ norn-conservative.

I4. Changing electric field with time also

produces
magnetic field perpendiclar to it. T/E
I5. Induced electric field at point R
P and Q of this disc
when the changing magnetic
field is only snmaller
reqion of radius r
l6. In time varing
magnetic field the induced
emf
across the rod is
n.
Effect of eddy current
is minimised by -
I8.Plane of laminations must be
X

arranged paralel/
to the magnetic field perpendicular X X X

9. Principle of eddy current is used X

in - (4) (NEET 2019)

20. Inductance X X
X
is scalar/vector
21.
quantity
Unit

- of inductance - X X X

22
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK

AECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION 137

inductance of coil = (NEET 2024)

Self
=
stored ininductor (NEET 2023)

a coil does not depend upon the flux or current flouing

through the coil T/F
Gf inductance of
= (NEET 202)
linductance of 2 concentric rings
solenoids =
M Mutual inductance of 2 concentric
drecton of induced emf in a inductor when current is increasing is -
30 The =
inductance Ly and La will be
Mutual inductance of two inductors with

varies as
-

22 Value of K
current flouwing in them as i
Tug inductors with inductance L4 and L2 and mutual inductance M having
2 =
through first inductor
andiz the magnetic tlax paing
in inductor in form of electric
and magnetic field T/F
34 Enerqy is stored
analoque of. mechanics.
35 Self inductance in electromagnetism is
=
36.Current at any time in RL circuit

37 T
= (for RL circuit)
=
38. Le in series combination

39 Le in parallel combination =

40. In AC qenerator

(i)e= -
USA and lndia
rotation of coil in
ll Frequency of a direct voltage source through a suitch then larger emf
a is induced

H. When an inducer is connected to

when switch is opened/closed

=
42 Current in DC motor induced emfis
The frequency of
change of direction of
43. a magnetic feld
A wire loop is rotated in
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
PHYSICSHACK
FLE
138 High BMR BEAST LEVEL
Medium BMR
Low BMR
Bio Mutiple
Revision (BMR) 9
6 7 8
1 2 3
No. of revisionloloOJO|O
2
Revision time
(in minutes)

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pr
6.

8.
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
AECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION
139

ANSWERS
BAcos
23.e-
WeberlWb)
2 24. JonAI
maxwell
Marwel
3
PB 25. L²
hdacedemf

drecton
lel-
of
dt
induced emf and current in the
26
E7
B
5 The
orcutis such
that opposes the cause of its
27. T

producton

6 Erergy
28 M. Ma? where, R - radius of bigger ring
2R
1E=(7xBL r- radius of
smaller ring
In these type of questions always calculate flux in

smaller ring by the biqger one

BL2
B) - BL -
= M
Then put Mi and find
OF-x R
BL'W Ho,NGA
21 M. - Horngl
e=
2
dB 30. In opposite direction of the current and in the
dt same direction when the current is decreasing
B Non-conservative =
3. M KVLz where, K- coefficient of coupling

32. 0 < Ksl

rdß = Lyi + Mip
5.EP
2dt
33.
1
34. F, only in form of magnetic field

35. Mass
2Rdt
dB X Area of triangle 36. i =
ioll - et)
l6. e =

I Reducing
dt
area and by using laminations
37 t-R
18.
Parallel 38.Le =Lyt Lz

R Magnetic braking in trains, electromagnetic

39
damping inducton furnace and electric power meters
40. () NABCoswt

.
20. Scalar
=
Henery il e NABWsinwt
USA - 60 Hz India - 50 Hz
22 - Li (i)
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK PHYSICSHACK
140 = V-e where, e = back EME
means the current is 42.|
being open R
4l Upened suitch
43. Twice per revolution
stopped in the circuit)

MEME POINT

Physics question:- Find the direction of induced current?

le you*
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK

Chapter7
ALTERNATING CURRENT
conditions are - (NEET
veltage to be, AC the two 2O19)

v
|far a formula -
RMS
general
NEET
2022)
iVms = T/F (NEET 2021)
speched the voltage and
current grven in a question is actually the RMS value
loks =
current
A
average infull aycle
5h cycle =
average current in half
kh Al

an inductor - Digal!
When AC voltage is appled to

0 Current lags bchind the voltage

by
_° (NEET 2024)
= (NEET 2024 20) AC source (V- Vmsinw)
Glhductive reactance
=
Average power produced tor a complete cycle
l)
l) Irstantaneous power =
-
When AC voltage is appled to a capacitor
current by -_
(O Votage lags behind the Ve

Capacitive reactance = (NEET 2023, 20)

a complete cycle Dygal?
al Average pouer produced for
(w) lnstantaneous power =
in DiqaQl and
0 Phasor diagram of the circuit shown
=
instantaneous voltage of source (NEET 2021, 20)

I Phasor diagram of the circuit shoun in DigaQ2

Z lmpedance of series LCR circuit

= (NEET 2023) 00000
L

BZ vs frequency graph -
circuit = (NEET 2023, 22)
ihe resonant frequency of series LCR AC source (V= Vmsinw)

5. At resonance Z =

6.ln an LCR circuit voltage across inductor. DigaQ3

capacitor and resistance act as a vector. l/

n Value of tano in Digal3 =
= (NEET 2021)
l6,Banduidth of circuit
factor=
Sharpness of resonance or qualty
M.
Ve
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
PHYSICSHACK
142
=
20. Power in AC circuit

2L Power factor
= (NEET 2020)
component of current in circuit -
22. VWhat are active and reactive
=
23. Frequency of LC oscilator
=
enerqy stored in capacitor and inductor
24. In an LC osclator
vs time - (if at t= 0 energy of inductor
energy storedin inductor
25. In an LC oscillator graph of is zero)
-
q L in mechanics are
26. Analogues of iCand
2023, 210)
27 For transformer= (NEET
28. The above relation is true on the assumption that
=
29. Efficiency of transformer
30 Fer step up transformer rlation betucen voage in primary ond secondary col - (NEET 2020
-
31. Core of transformer is laminated to reduce
32. Loss of energy in transformer due to resistance of windings is also known as -
33. Valtage is increased/ decreased while transferring current through transmission lines
34. Power is constant in a transformer. T/F (NEET 2021)
35 AC travels through surface thus more the surface area better is the transmission.
T/F
36. Choke a
col is coil having high low inductance and negligible
resistance.

Bio Mutiple Low BMR Medium BMR High BMR BEAST LEVEL
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No. of revision 3 5 6 7 8 9 10

Revision time
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<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
ALTERNATING, CURRENT 143

ANSWWERS
A a changing magnitude
OH
should| have
direchion
12.
Z- VR+ XC - XU?
should be changing
AH
2 2 13 N
**..
x3 ....Xn
2+x2t

Vo

3 R

fo

5Zero
14.

6 LC
I5. Z
-R
12 I6. T
VL - VC XL - XC
-Volosin2wt In. tan =

= VR R
lul PL
R
l8. = W1 - W, =
2W L
wC
here, Wy & Wz are the frequencies at which power
Voosin2wt
of circuit is half its maximum value
=
fiw PC dissipation
2
XL VL
Wo Wol
2Aw R R VR
Voocosp
20. P = Vrmslrmscos(
2
Ve
R
21. = cosp =

22. Active component (wattful) is the one that is in

Vsinst -
st =
VLinst + VCinst + VRinst phase with the applied voltage ie. icos. the
one that is
reactive component lwattless) is the
perpendicular to the apled voltage ie. - isin
23. W =
VLC

Ec -
L
24.
.EL 2C 2
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK

144
PHYSICSHACK
28. Same flux inks
25 both primary
and
secondary
ELmax 24. Efficiency output power
col
input power
30. Vs > VP
31.
Eddy current loss (also
known
as
32. Copper loss ironloss)
T4 TI2 3T/4
33. Increased
26. xv and m respectialy
34. T

Ns 35. T
(Transformer ratio)
NP 36. High

MEME POINT

NEET Prep be üke

How to score 180/180

in physicS

Magretism

Electrostate

Kinematis
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK

Chapter 8
ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES
presence of EM waves.
he first to predict the
was
displacement current l )?
What
is
hmpere
circuital law $BT.
Aecording to
modfied Ampere
circuital law Bd-
Acordng to
S .
TE
to
is aluays equal
physical properties
as the conduction current. T/F
6 same
displacement current has
Je dl respect, equivalent magneteeffects TE
current and conduction current have
Daplacement
8 2021)
and voltage) (NEET
= terms of capacitance
lh ln conservation of mass. T/F
can be used to derive the law of
O Mauells
equaton
equations - (4)
Write all Maxwells
magnetic field T/F
Charge at rest produces only electromagnetic feld T/F
2
uniform velocity produces
Charge in motion with
B
-
A Aecelerated charge partcle produces
time varying magnetic tield 1/F
5.A time varying
electric field produces as it is
stationary orbit emit electromagnetic Wave
l6. An electron orbiting
around its nucleus in the
enerqy orbit.
acelerated T/E higher enerqy orbit to lower
transition from
only during the
nH uil emit electromagnetic wave

-
wave produced by acoelerated
charge
I6, Example of EM
-
oscilating charge
1 Example of EM wave produced by

20. Speed of EM waves in free space

22, 19)
medium = (NEET 2023, propagation. 1/F
1 Speed of EM waves
in any
not require any medium for its
wave thus it does of propagation of
Elctromagnetic waves is a transverse as to the direction
2 perpendicular to each other
as well
23. Electric and magnetic field are

-
wave lie ELBL, T/F
(NEET 2021)
of em
wave is given by - field because it
consists
24 The direction of propagation as the maqnetic
as well
the electric field
25. Electromagnetic wave is not deflected by

O an uncharqged particle called photon TIF

l6. EM waves are sinusoidal. T/
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
146
PHYSICSHACK
27._ field vector of the EM wave producedan optical effect knoun as the
light vector.
23. The enerqy waves is divided equally
of electromagnetic betuween electric and magnetic fid Tre
29. Total average energy
density =.
30. UE average = UB averaqe =

31. UE averaqe = UB average.

l/t
SZ Magnetic or electric enerqy oscillates at frequency double/ same/half that of
EM wave. f
magneticor
electric

33 Average intensity of elechronaqnelic wave =

(NEET 2024)
34. The rato of
contribution made by electric
feld and magnetic field components to ttheintensity
35.Intensity due to point source OC = of em
and wave
36. Intensity due to linear sources
OC =
and
31. Electromagnetic
waves do not carry momentum.
T/F
38. Momentum
of EM wave =
39. What is
radiation pressure?
40. 1f surface absorb
the radiation falling on
it radiation pressure (P) =
4. If surface is completely reflecting
surface then P=
42. IF Egsinlkx -
E- W. determine -
() Direction of propagation
of wave
() Direction
of magnetic feld.
(il Expression for magnetic field
part of wave
l) Wavelength =
(NEET 2020)
(W Frequency
=
43. What is Pounting
vector?
l44. Poynting vector =

45 Compare
he frequenoy and wavelength
l46 Compare of dlectromagnehic radiations
the wavelength (NEET 2024, 22.
of allcoloursin visible 20)
NOTE - Always spectrum - (NEET
calculate the wavelength 2019)
not frequency to
47 waves are determine the type
used in radar
system of EM wave
48 waves are
for aircraft navigation.
called heat waves.
49.
waves are
used in eye surqery
(LASIK).
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK

147
aCTROMAGNETIQ WAVES

Low BMR Medium BMR High BMREASTLEVEL

Blo
Mutiple
(BMR)
Revision
5
revision
No. of

Revision time
(in minutes)
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK PHYSICSHACK

148

ANSWERS
19 LC oscillations
L
Maxwell
x \08 m/s
Displacement current is a
2.
current which is 20 =3
change of electric flux
produced due to the rate of

with respect to time. B Vue Vrer

22. T
3. E0
dt 23. T

24 Ex B
+
5 $BI- Hol ly)
25. T
6.T
26. T

27.Electric field
8T
28. T
CaV
=
29 U
I0. F, law of conservation of charqe 2
Bo?
30 EoEo
I () Eds= (Gauss's law in electrostatics)

() BA = 0 (aauss's law in magnetism)

31 T

32. Double

dt 33.1-U EEoc Bo'c

(faraday lau of electromagnetic induction) At 2
34. H
liw)
Bdl =
Poi, + eo de,
P
Ampere-Maxuells law)
I2 F. only electric field 36

I3. F.it produces both electric and magnetic field but

does not produce electromaqnetic
feld 31. F, they carry momentum as well as energy
4. Electric field and magnetic field which result in 38. p =
the formation of electromagnetic
wave.
I5 T 34. Force exerted by EM wave per unit surtace arca

16. F P
40

18. Xrays
c
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK

AECTROMAGNETIC 149
WAVES

46. Wavelengths
+ve x axis nm
L2 0 V 400-450
+ve z axis 450-500 nm
B
G500-550 nm
y 550-600 nm
27 nm
0 600-650

W
R650-100 nm
(Jf 47 Radio waves
flow of energy in the
defined as the 48 Infrared
wave per unit time
propagation of 44, UW rays
drecton of
perpendicular to
cross-sectional area
through aunit
direction
prpagation

4 Ex
Po
45
Wavelength
Mnemonic
Type
nm
qaddi gamma rays
X-rays I0- tol nm
- nm
Inm 400
W rays
- nm
visible rays 400 nm 700
-
infrared rays
700 nm l mm

mm - 0l mm
microwWave
my
m
radiowave 0!
range

MEME POINT
Wave
Particle

Physicist
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK

Chapte 9
RAY OPTICS
I Angle of incidence is alunus equal to ngle of reflection. T/F (NEET 2022)
Z lhe imaqe of a real object formed by plane mirror is -
3. Magnificaton
of plane mirror=
4 When object is mouing along x-axis then the velocity
of image in plane mirror -
) with respect to mirror =
() with respect to ground =
DgaQ!
5. When object is moving along y-axis then
the velocity of m
l60
Image in plane mirror =

6. How to calculate the height of the mirror

required to
see the image of 80 m
object behind the observer (Diga&l)
1 When observer of height h wants
to see its own image
the minimunm
height of mirror required = Z m
m
8. When two plane
mirrors are placed with some
between them and an
object is placed between
angle
t
the Digal2
then the number images mirrors
of formed when 360/0 is
(DigaQ.2) -
() even
(i) odd without symmetry
tui) odd
uith symmetry
(iv) fraction
9.If the two mirrors are
parallel to each
other then the number
I0. On reflection of images formed wil be =
and of light remains unchanged
I. On reflection phase changes -
by
when reflected
from surface a
IZ. lhe anqle between the ray of denser medium.
of light incident on one
mirror and then
at an angle = reflected from the
other irror inclined
3. The distance measured
in the same
direction as the
4. Heights measured above incident light are
principle axis are
taken as positive negative
taken as positivel
I5. What negative.
is principal focus?
16. What is focal plane?
In Principal focus =
18. Mirror formula = (NEET
2020)
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
151
RAYOPTICs
magnifcaton=
ALateral magnification
Longtudinal
a concave mirror when the position of the object
is
p0,Ie position & nature ot the image tormed by

curvature
centre of
W beyond the
curvature
centre of
(md at the curvature
lol betuween
focus and centre of

principal focus
ld at the focus
principal
between the pole and object is
l) formed by a convex mirror when the position of the
& nature of the image
L Wrte the position

0 at infinity
pole
(i) betueen infinity and the to object.

12 Dverging incident
rays correspond to -- object and converging
incident rays correspond
rays correspond to
correspond to image and diverging reflected
23 Converqing
reflected rays

same. I/
image.
in water, its focal length remains
24 Ifa spherical mirror is placed als0 erect then the
image must also be
erect and its image is
or lens if object is real and
25 In case of mirror
positive. T/F
virtual and its
magnification must be
-
rays are tocused at
L6. For a
concave mirror paraxial -
rays are focused at
27. For a concave marginal
mirror wr.t mirror=
velocity vo then the velocity of image
Z8 If object is moving
with

21 Velocity of image wrt.

ground in above question
= (NEET 2020)
30 Absolute refractive index = (NEET 2023, 22)
medium I
medium 2 with respect to
Relatve refractive index of
J
formula)
(according to Cauchy's
2J= oc
33. For numericals we consider U

34. On and remains same.

refraction
20)
- (NEET 2022, 21.
35 Snells lw -
is represented by its
a medum
30 Uptical density of =

vacuum, air and diamond

Absolute refractive index of
J1 medium. l/F
temperature of the
refractive index depends on the
30 Value of

34 What is optical path?

40Optical path =
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
152 PHYSICSHACK

4|. Lateral shift

42 Lateral shift = (uhen incident angle is very small
43. f an object is placed in a medium of refractive index J and observer is present
in a medium
of retractwe
index Hz
then the relation between the real distance and apparent distance of theimage observed
bythe
observer =
44. Relation between real and apparent depth

45. If a beaker of height his fild with hqud of refractive index upto the brim, the apparent
depth of
bottom the
of the beaker =

46. Shift produced due to presence ofa block of

refractive index as shoun Diga@3

l in Digal3 =

47 One face of a rectangular glass block of & cm is silvered.

An object held lO cm away from unsilvered face forms an imaqe

I2 cm behind the silvered
face, the refractive index of the block
=

48. What is critical angle

(C)?
shift
49. sinC = (NEET 2023, 22, 20)

50. Total internal reflection is seen when incidernce angle is -

51. In TIR
when the angle
of incidence is equal to the critical angle
the angle of refraction = (NEET 2019)
52. A fish or diver in water at a depth h sees
the sk in a horizontal circle
53. Examples - of radius =
of TIR
54. In optical fibers, core is opfically rarer than the cladding
T/F
55. Refraction by spherical
surfaces formula -
56. Lens makers formula -
(NEET 2022, 20, I9)
57 Lens formula
58. Lateral magnification =
59. Longitudinal magnification =

60. (a) Write the nature,

position and size of the image formed by a convex
(à at infinty lens when the object lies

(i) between infinity

and 2F
G) at 2F

l) between F and 2F
(w at F
(u) between C
and F
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
153
pAYOPTICS
by a concave lens when the object lies
W
the nature, position and size of the image tormed

betueen infinity
and C
d placedin a medum such that the refractve index
of mediumis more than lens then the nature
lens is
&fa
reversed TE
flensis
oft image
oc
K2 ntensity
lens =
Velocity of image wrt
B
lens =
A Power of
65 lnit of
pouer
separated a distance d = (NEET 2019)
pouer off combination of two thin lenses by
66 The
-
lenses in contact NEET 2023)
A Pouer of combination of

68 An air bubble in
water wil act as a lens.

is cut along
-
The and focal length of a lens when it
fnal aperture, intensity
A
-
G pane perpendicular
to principlal axis
axis - (NEET 2019)
plane containing principal
(
lens, T/F
70.Optial centre cannot le outside the
-
7 By dsplacement
method

=
lid length of object

=
Z In silvering of lens on one side the power of system
the above case
=
3 tocal length of the mirror formed in

v graph for
-

1H.

) Concave mirror -

( Convex mirror -

(m) Concave lens

liv) Convex
lens -
the retina
n myopia ight converge in front/behind
lb. For correction of myopia which lens is used?
1.Chromatic
aberration=
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
PHYSICSHACK
154
-

78. Condition for achronmatism when

() Two lenses are in contact

a x
(i) lwo lenses are separated by distance

19. Astigmatism is corrected by using

80. In prism
i e, A
-

() Relation between and ð

(H) Relation between A, r and rz

) u =
(for minimum deviation)

li) For minimum deviation relation between i and e -

(u) For minimum deviation relation between r, r2 and A

(u) For small angled prism Om =

8l. The refractive index of violet is greater/ lesser than red

82 Whie pasing through prism deviation of violet colour is greatest/least
83. Angular dispersion of prism =

84. Angular deviation produced

by prism =
85.Dispersive power ot prism =

86. When tuo prism are used, condition for dispersion without deviation -

81. Net dispersion produced in above condition =

88. When two prism are used, condition for deviation without
dispersion -
89 An observer con see the rainbow only when - (NEET 2019)
90. Steps of formation of primary
. In primary rainbow
rainbow -

colour is on the top

andis at bottom. (NEET 2019)
92.Steps of formation of secondary rainbow - (NEET
2019)
43 In secondary rainbow
colour is on the top
and is at bottom (NEET 2019)
94. Rayleigh law

45. This law is only valid when -

.
46. For condition where

Near point of eye =

98. In simple microscope
a >>> which wavelength is
scattered the most?

-
() magnification
(i) m = (when image
torms at near point)
(i) m = (when
image forms
at far point)
Giw)
Maximum magnification
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
RAYOPTICS 155
-
microscope
compound
h
()m= near point)
m= (when image torms at
=lwhen image
torms at far point)
m
lmi
between focalIlengthI of eyepiecee and abjective lens
od Relation
-
telescope
00 h objective lens
-

A Rlation between focal length of eyepiece and

=
( m
U) m
= (when image torms at near point)

torms at far point)

(w m= (when image
= (when image forms at near point)
(W Length of telescope
(o Length of telescope
= (when image forms at far point)
-
eyepiece
(wil The objective lens has larger/smaller aperture than the
-
Ol Iin terrestrial telescope
() m= (for normal adjustment)

li) m= (for final image at near point)

li) L = (for normal adjustment)

liw) L = (for final image at near point)
aqe.
I02 Near point of eye increases/decreases with
=

telescope
I03 Magnificaton of Cassegrain (reflecting
is -
I04. Advantage of reflecting telescope
I05 Numerical aperture =
on increasing aperture of objective lens
lo Magnitication power of astronomical telescope
increases/
decreases. -
should be
compound microscope fo and fe
0L For high magnification in
I08. Nature final image formed by

() Simple microscope -

( Compound microscope -

n) Astronomical telescope
(w) Terrestrial telescope
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
PHYSICSHACK
156
High BMR BEAST LEVEL
Low BMR Medium BMR
Bio Multiple
Revision (BMR)
***
4 5 6 7 3

No. of revision OJOlOlO

Revision time
(in minutes)

Active space
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
157
RAYOPTICS

ANSWERS
9. infinite

inverted IO. Wavelength and frequency 360°- 20 -6

erect and laterally

V 28
3m=: I2. 20
= wrt miror
v wrt mirror -vO
= Zvm - vo lall these velocities I3. Positive
v wrt ground
(i
4. Positive
are wrt groundl
to principal axis
lf parallel beams of lght paralel
are incident on a mirror then they will converge or
6 Steps
-
() form the image of the object
focus.
W Join the top and bottom of the
image to observer appear to diverge at a point F called principal
some angle to principal
A Now by wsing similarity betueen the tuo triangles
16. If paralel beams of lght at
will converqe
as its base and other
with axis are incident on a mirror then they
formed - one with mirror
is
in focal plane which
at a point
eas its base,calculate the required length of or appear to dverge
a
inage and passing
a plane perpendicular to the principal ais
mirror
through principal axis
160 m R
60 m where, R - radius of curvature
required 2
mirror
80 m
B
V

f f-v
m 3m
Z m

AB
In this =
20. m
concave mirror:
21.
a. Imaqe formed by a
(à Object at infinity
360 -
-|
360
lns

360
(ud)
Greatest integer less than
<br>

PHYSICSHACK

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
158 or in
princijpal focus
image: At the
Position of
the focal plane.
extremely
image: Real inverted
Nature of
diminished in size.
curvature
centre of
li) Object beyond the

( Object at the principal focus

principal focus
Position ofimaqe Between the
and centre of curvature
diminished in
Nature of image: Real inverted,
Position of image At infinity
SIze
Nature of image Extremely magnified
lni) Object at the centre of curvature
(ud Object between the pole and principal focus

Position of image At the centre of curvature

Nature of imaqe: Real, inverted and equal to Positionof image: Behind the mirror.
dbject Nature of image: Virtual, erect and magnitied
liv) Object between focus and centre of b.
Image tormed by a convex mirror'
curvature
() Object at infinity
Position of image Beyond centre of curvature. Position of image Appears at the prinagad
Nature of image: Real inverted and
bigger than focus.
object.
Nature of image: Virtual erect and extremely
diminished
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
159
32. u -A+ B

C 34. Frequency and phase

35. U1sin i M2sin r

36. Refractive index (higher the Rl. more opticaly

and the pole

denser the medium)
t betveen infinity
37. Vacuum - L003, diamond- 246
Appears between the principal -l, air

Posion of inage 38 T

fecus and
the pole 39. IH is the distance travelled by lhght in vacuum in
Virtual erect and diminished
Nature ot
image a
the same time interval in which it has travelled
distance x in a medium of refractive index u

40. Ux
tsinli -r
4.
C COS r

42.

H2 v
43
wirtual
2 Real
Ps Ho where, Us - Rl. of source,
B Real wirtual l.
H h
h - apparent
Uo -R. of observer, H- real depth
depth

45
R

lcos
By-mvo direction of light)
(This shift occurs along the
21=-lvo - vmt Vm where Vm - velocity of

To solve this type of

question first calculate the
murror
47.
= cm
total shift ie.
- (10 +
8)- 12 6
30 u Speed of light in vacuum
= where,
speed of light in medium Now this total shift

of block
V1
t- thickness
values u = 16
Afer putting the
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK

160 PHYSICSHACK

48. H is
the angle of incidence corresponding to which 60. a Images formed by a convex lens:

the angle of refraction becomes 90® () When object les at infinity

Real
image
formed at the focus (F) of the
lens
Thesize
is
the image very smal
is ie, a point of
50. More than critical angle image
formed is
5. 400

52

2F
2F

(i) When object les between infinity

and 2F:
Real. inverted and diminished
image is formed

between F and 2F.

sinG =

2F

53. Optical fibers, mirage. brillance of diamond

54. , vice versa is true

lio When object lies at 2F: Real and inverted

image is formed at 2F. The size of the image is

same as that of the obiect.

where,
R

U-Rl. of
medium from which light coming
is

2F

57.

58. m =
Sw|Sw|< f f-v
liv) When object les between Fand 2F: Red.

54. m = inverted and enlarged image is formed betul

2F and infinity
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK

161
RAYOPTICs

2F
F 2F
C

(i) When object is lies between infinity and C Virtual,

and
w When object lies at F: Real, Inverted erect and diminished image is formed between F and
infinitu
highly enlarged image
is formed at

F 2F

2F 2F F

61. T
meet at infinity
62. Square of diameter of aperture

(w) When object les between C and E Virtual

on
erect and highly enlarged image is formed

the same side as that of the object.

65. Diapter
= -
66. P Py +P2 dPaP2
+ Pz +
P3..
67 P=P1
68. Concave
2F
69.
2
)AL 2f
A
where, A, l and f are the initial
Gf
aperture, intensity and focal length respectively
b. Images formed by a convex lens' 70. F
O When object lies at infinity Virtual and erect
image is formed at the focus (F) of the lens. The size 4D m2 - m1
of theimage is formed
is very small ie, a point image
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
PHYSICSHACK
162
x=fo

(i) m1 =
D
-x
D
+x
(iv) m2 = D+x (0, 0)
x
D-
( uy =
D
D²- 4Df
2

(ul uz D- VD²- 40r

2
72. Psys 2 PL + PM

73. FM =
Psys

+infinite

2f

2 |(0, 0)
-infinite u intinite
uinfinte

+intinite
u-2f
v+2f

75. In front of retina

-infinite
6. Concave lens
71. wf= fe - fy

78. ()
W1f f2
+
Wf2 Wzf1
(i x=
W+ W2
79. Cylindrical lens

80.

(i) A = r1 +
2
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
163
RAYOPTICs

om or size of particlel
5. a << à la- diameter
+
|A
sin
6. Alluavdengths soatered aqualy
7.D 25 cm

98.

2
-
D
Bl lreater

82
lreatest
- UR)
30-8V - OR
= A (uV

Angular dispersion b/w red & violet colours

memo, m = .
85 W= ) m =
mean deviation

Gil m

uhere
PV+ UR (mean refractive index (Maximum magnification)

-
86. (u
- DA +
(u'- IA' 0
810 = A(u - DlW - w) folfe
(iw)
or fe> fo
88 (uv -
R)A – (uv- UR)A=0
I00.
W+ w'S'-0
89 His back is towards the sun
(0 fo> fe
90 3 steps
-
() Refraction with dispersion (i) m=
li) lnternal reflection
(ni) Refraction () m=
L Red violet
= - fo
- (iv m
4 steps () Refraction with dispersion
2 fe
(i) laternal reflection ue = Dfe
()L= fo+ to +

(i) Internal reflection D+ fe

(ud L= fo t fe
() Refraction
(ui) Larger
93. Violet, red
IOL. () m fo
h. Amount of scattering O4 fe
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK PHYSICSHACK

164 -
I05. Jsin u-u?
(i) m= 106. Increases

(ini)
L= fo t+
4fa fe I07 Small
feD I08.

fe + D () Virtual erect
I02. Increases (i) Virtual, inverted

fo Virtual, inverted
J03. m = ()
fe (u) Virtual erect
I04. There is no chromatic aberration in a mirror

MEME POINT

When someone says

optics is easy

le physics.

Kropd Tod Saále Ka

<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK

Chapto, 10
WAVE OPTICS
.
model of
light states that
corpuscular
source a small portion of the spherical wavefront can be considered as plane
|Ihe dstance from aapoint

wave tront
Whatis a wavefront T/F
3 an independent sOurce to produce secondary
LFery point on a wave tront is
callaJ.
a source of newdisturbance
Cch point on primary wavetront is

wavelets are in shape

6These qve -

common tangential surface on these wavelets

7The -
source moves towards the observer, trequency and wavelength changes as
Wen
-
question is caled
4 The effect seen in above
as -
source moves away trom the observer, trequency
and wavelenqth changes
nWhen
-
question is caled
I The effect seen in above

2 ln
dopplers effect - Av

What are coherent sources?

3
independent sources can
never be coherent. TIF
Tuo
4
sources must be coherent. T/F
5 For interterence to occur
kx + is
waves - y1 = Asinl uwt+ ko and u2 = Bsinlwt+ )
6 Resutant of tuo
=
wave formed in above question
n Amplitude and tan for the resultant
wave =
8 Itensity of the resultant
resutant wave =
=
B in the above question
no.
l6 then ampltude and intensity of
M
fA
difference -
U Kelation betueen phase dfference and path
1l For incohrent sources average intensity =

22 Average of cos

23. In YDSE -

) For maxima y =
li) For minima
19)
Fringe width (NEET 2024, 22, 20,
=
i
width = (NEET 2023)
ll hingdlar fringe
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
PHYSICSHACK

166 =
in the above
formula n
maxima
l) For first order n =
above formula
lvi) For first order minima in the
n =

(uvi)l For highest order maxima

(vi) Total number of maxima

on screen =
u - (NEET 2019)
a lqud of optical density
YDSE setup is taken in
24. What happens when whole
25. Shape of the fringe when
screen -
() Sources are parallel to the
-
to the screen
(i) Sources are perpendicular very large distance
-
screen is placed at

Z6
lm) Sources are parallel

When source is shifted by

to each other
angle
but
.
the entire fringe patern
is shifted by

light is used in YDSE colour that

appear On -
27. When white

() Inner side of fringe IS

(H) Outer side of fringe is -

glass plate of thickness t and refractive index U is placed

in tront of one ot the sources in YDSE ..
28. If a
all fringes are shifted by -
29. In case of thin film, optical path difference between two waves

() in reflected part for maxima and minima =

=
C) in transmitted part for maxima and minima
30. What is diffraction?
31. Two types of diffraction -
32. In single slt diffraction experiment

()0 - (for maxima)

(i) =
(for minimal
(u) For first order maxima n =

(iv) The intensity of maxima decreases/ increases as

the value of n increases.
() Angular width of central maxima - (NEET 2019)
(v) No.
of maxima of YDSE obtained in central maxima =
33.The angular resolution of the telescope
is determined by
the objective of the telescope
34. Rayleigh s criterion - T/F
35. Angular resolution (Limiting resolution) =
(NEET 2020)
36. Angular resolving power =
37.The distance upto which ray
optics holds good is called -
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
OPTICS 167
WAVE
=
distance
38 Fresnel
microscope
34 For
=
() dmin
=
(i) Resoling power
described
.
las the oscilations of electric/ magnetic field
40. Light is
When an unpolarised hght is converted into plane polarised ight its intensaity becomes
anis of polariser
2 otensty of polarsed lghi possing through analyser with angle between the transmission

ond
andalyser beng 0- (Malus lauw) (NEET 2024,)
=

L3 ln above question it unpolarised light is used then the intensity of light after passing analyser
or plane of oscillaton =
LL Angle between direction of propagation and plane of polarisation
plane polarised ight in a direction
L5 The emitted radiation in scattering of light by small particles produces
to direction of incident lght.
L6 In above question all other emitted radiations are not polarised T/F
-
47 Explain the condition for polarisation by reflection
=
to Brewster's law
48. Angle of incidence according
on an interface of twO media, only part of
When an unpolarised lhaht is
incident the Brewster's angle
49
vector -- to the plane of incidence will be reflected
laht uith electric field
-
an interface should be
50 Brewster 's angle for
BEAST LEVEL
Medium BMR High BMR
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<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
168 pHYSICSHAC

ANSWERS
n
bends towards the 23. () y =
light on refraction
1F the ray
of

greater in
normal then the speed of lht would be (2n - D2D
Cil y =
the second medium.
2d
2.T
3. IH is defined a surface of constant phase d

4T
5. Secondary wavelets d

6 Sphericl
1Secondary wave front

wavelength decreases
8 Frequency increases,
9 Blue shif
(vin) Znmax + I
wavelength increases
I. Frequency decreases, L In allformlae, wavelength
II Red shift of lignt decresz

I2 - (when source is moving towards

factor of u ie. - 2=
C
25. (0 Hyperbola
observer, velbcity is taken as -vel

3. Two sources which emit same colour and vibrate (i) Circular
Gin)
uith a constant phase difference between them are Straight lne
said to be coherent. 26. -
Screen

15. T

+
l6. y=Rsinlwt+ ke ) frigl

nNRA+B 2ABcos@. tanb = Bin)

A+ Beos
I8,I=h+ht2vhhcos

Inew
cent

2 S2
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
OPTICS
WAVE 169
Red
220 (2n - DA
Voet 32 ()
lJ 2
n

Cii) 2
liv) Decreases

a
24

33. T

P
L222f where, 2a
- diameter of the
34. ro =
2a
d circular aperture or diameter of the lens
1224
35. 0

36.

37. Fresnel distance

Fringes will shift in the direction of slt before which

the gos plate is placed

(2n - ). 1222f I224
29. (0 Maxima - Ax = 2utcosr = 34. () dmin
2 D Ztanß
-
Minima
A n. =

G) Maxima - Ax = dmin
nd
40 Electric field
(2n - 02
Minima - Ax =
2
4. Half
waves on corners or openings 42. locose
30. It is the bending of
to the wavelength of locos?o
having its dimensions comparable
2
the wave
screen at finite
3. (O Fresnel diffraction (source and
45, Perpendicudar
distance)
screen at 46. F, they are partially polarised
i) Fraunhofer diffraction (source and
47. For angle of incidence in which reflected wave
infinte distance)
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
170 PHYSICSHACK
travels at right angle to the refracted wave, the 48 i= tan'(u)
reflected light is polarized while refracted liqht is 49 Perpendicular
partially polarized 50. 45° <i< 90°

MEME POINT
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK

Chapte tt
DUAL NATURE OF RADIATION
AND MATTER
I Photoelectric effect
() Discovered by -

() Esplained by
2 What is work tunction (0,)? (NEET 2023)

3 Work function is lowest for and highest for

Llo thermionic and field emission free/ bounded e are emitted -

5 Ih photoelectric emission free/ bounded e are emitted

6 Akali metals show photoelectric effect with -
1 Draw the graçh for effect of intensity of light on photoourrent - (photocurrent vs potentia)
8Draw the graph for effect of frequency of light on photocurrent - (photocurrent vs potential
4 Time lag in photoelectric effect is of
order
= (NEET
10 Ensten's photoelectric equation 2024, 22)
L Work =
funtion of metal
2 Enerqy of phaton = (NEET 2024, 23, 2, 20, 19)

I3 Momentum of photon =

la ntensity represents -
5.Photons are deflected by electric and maqnetic fields. T/F

l6. Photons are conserved in a collision. T/F

n Function of photocell -
8. The current in photocells is in order of -
= 19)
R De Broghe wavelength (NEET 2024, 22, 2,
= (NEET 2020. 19)
0 De Brogle wavelength of electron
2lhecording to Heisenberg's uncertainty principe
-
AxAp -

12. Davisson and Germer experiment verified nature of electrons. (NEET 2020)
-
23, Reoluing power of electron microscope is directy proportional to

2+. Resoluing power times the resolving power of optical

of electron microscope is approximately icroscope.
25. Non-metals also show photoelectric effect. T/F
26. The photoelectrons emitted from a metal surface have ditterent kinetic enerqies even though the incident
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
PHYSICSHACK
172

photons have same energy

F
temperature, there is
no change in the
work function
T/F

27. On increasing
the
wavelength then the total energy of
photon and an electron have got same de Broqle
Z8. Ha wl be
more.

29. Rest enerqy of electron

wave.
30.De mechanical
Brogle wave is an electromagnetic
willalways do.
cannot eject photoelectrons while
=
waves associated with nth orbital electron
32. lhe number of de Broglie
=
33.KE. of electron in nth orbit of hydroqen atom
=
34. Wavelength of electron in nth orbit of hydrogen atom

effect the electron with which the photon colides is assumed to be while in photoelectr:
35. In compton

effect the electron is assumed to be

=
36. Crompton shift

37.Formula for wavelength of -

() Proton =

(H) Deutron =

(i)l a-partice =

(i) Neutron =

(w) Gas molecules =

38. Relativistic energy =

39. Rest mass
of photon =

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@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
NATURE OF
DUAL RADIATION AND 173
MATTER

ANSWERS
Heinrich Herte
|()
li) Einstein C
Minimum amount of energy required I4. The number of photons per second crossing a
2 to pull an

alectron from the surface of a metal qiven area

3Cs Pt 15. F
4, Free l6. F
5,Bounded n.H converts lght enerqy into electrical energy
Visble laght I8. Mieroampere
6
h h
Photoelectric current

3
20. A
mv
- 150 .
V2mkE

227
VSimnkT

A
V2mq

2
Stopping
potential
21

h2 h

47
22. Wave

-Retarding potential Colecting plate potental

23.
or V
24. I05
Photoelectric current
25. T
8
26. T
V3> V2 > V1 27. F, work function decreases

Saturation 28. Electron

current
V3/V 29 mc
30. I is neither electromagnetic nor mechanical
-Vo3 -Vo2 -Vo
Colecting plate potential- 31. Infrared radiation, X-rays
-Retarding potentil

32. n
9. (0-9 (thus it is considered that in photoelectric
=
33. I3.6 eV 13.6 eV (in case of higher
effect release of electron occurs instantaneously
I0. Kmax =
hv -
o elements ions with single electron)

o =
hvo where, Vo - threshold frequency
34. 33n =-
in case of higher elements
12. E = hc
A
33-
hv
ions with single electron)
where, h - Planck's constant =
6636 x \0-J-sec
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
PHYSICSHACK

174 in eVÅ
(iv
0286
35. Free bounded
-
36. AA =
All
cos) m
moc /3mkT
0286 A 38 E - Vmoc +p´c, where m - rest mass
37. ()

0202 39 0
()

MEME POINT

A guy caling
Himself Alpha

Me realizing
that ne has almost no
a

penetration power
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK

Capte, 12
ATOMS
particle scattering experiment energy of alpha particle beam =

used
partcle scattering experiment -
2 napha
A Zof the incident -particles scattered by more than 1°

a-particles detlected by more than 900

Wof d-particlespassed without deviation
()_of
of closest approach for alpha particle =
Dstance
3
-
LRadius ot atom and nucleus is around
cla amision spectra dark lines are obtained in on bright background T/F
-
6 Rutherford's model failed because
-
postulates of Bohr model
13
8 Bohr model is only applicable in - (NEET 2020)
=
momentum of electron in nth orbit
9 Angular
in nth orbit
= (NEET 2019)
10 Vedocity of dlectron
(NEET 2023, 19)
I Rodus of the nth orbit-
= (NEET 2022. 20. 19)
12 TE, KE of eectron in nth orbit
PE nd with quantum number ni make
photon when electron from higher energy state
B Wavelength of emitted

transiton to lower
energy state n, = NEET 2023)

constant -
4 Value of Rydberg and respectively
= and 5 fall under
5 The radiations with nr l 2.3.4
INEET 2024, 23) -
scattering angle of -particle
l6. Relation betueen impact parameter and -
an angle are directly proportional to
Ihe no. of alpha particles scattered at
I
18. Tuo types of X-rays -
4 Soft Xrays -
(0 Wavelengthis equal | to
and pressure
are produced at potential difference
l) These
20. Hard Xorays

(0 Wavelength - --pressure
potential difference and
() These are produced at
21 Frequency of Ka X-ray -
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
PHYSICSHACK
176
with wavelength in the
spectrum of X-rays
22. araph of variation of intensity
23. = (for continuous X-rays)
min
of emergent -ray
=

24. Intensity
=
25. Wavelength of electron in nth orbit
-

26. The light in the glouwing flament ofa bulb is qenerated by

27. Laser is based on the principle of -

=
in ground state and excited state
Z8. Relation between number of atoms

29. Mean ife of electron in excited state

-
excited state should be in order of
30 For laser mean lite of electron in

31. In maser the emitted radiation is in range

32. 4 properties of laser

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<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
ATOMS
177

ANSWERS
55MeV
nh
mur
2) 042
(i) 0012% Ci)- ke (nh/2rl
By eq, &

id 9986%
i() 2eohn
22e eoh?
I. r=
3. ro Ime
nh
4 O-14. 10-1 and l0-10 respectiuely Derivation myr =

5E Bright lines are obtained on dark background

2
nh
6 A charged particle emits radiaton in form of EM
27
wave, thus an electron circling around nucleus would
continuously loose energy and fall into the nucleus. Ume

12. TE - -
Which doesnt happen thus Rutherford model failed 136N, PE. -272e and
- An
1 Postulate l electron in an atom revolve in
KE. - -TE PE
certain stable orbits uwithout emitting radiant enerqy el
2
These stable orbits are caled stationary states of the me4
13.
atom Seog'e
Postulate 2 - An electron can revolve around nucleus or = I2431

only in those orbits whose anqular momentum is AEin e)

or in
I4. R = 1097x 10 12 (use this
m

h
integral matple of R
questions)
Postulate 3 - An electron can make a transition from
I5. Lyman, Balmer, Pachen Brackett and Pfund
while
its stable orbit to another lower stable orbit,

doing so a photon is emitted with

enerqy equal to the 6b= 72 coT0/
enerqy difference of initial and final states.
8. Single electron systems sin0/2)E2
nh
18. Soft X-rays and hard X-rays
=
4L = mur 14 () 4 A or above
21
I0. v = - 22 x (06 Z l) Low, high
I37 X n
2eohn 20 () 1Å
Derivation -
ke? mv2 - () (i) High. low
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK

178 PHYSICSHACK
-
21. v KIZ - B² - 248 x 101512
-I
24. I
loe, where J - absorption coefficien!
22 25. nd = 2irn
26. Spontaneous emission

27. Stimulated emission

Ke|LLe 28. NE = NGeE-E/AT

29. 1O-8

30. 10-3
Amin Wavelength 3. Microwave
32. () highly monochromatic, (il highly coherent,
23. Amin = I2400 (a
highly drectional and lid highl intense

MEME POINT

MEUTRONIN

NUCLEUS
:PS
s

PROTORT
FMUCLEIS

ELECTBON IN

THE SHELL OUTSIDE

KUCLEUS
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK

Chapte 13
NUCLEI

2 Free proton is stableunstable

3 Free neutron is stable unstoble
includes -
4 Nucleons
=
5 Mean ife of neutron
6 Neutron decay into
mass =
7 Enerqy of lu
8 What are isotopes?

9 What are isobars?

0.
What are isotones?
no.
L Gold has of isotopes
=
2 Radius of nucleus (NEET 2022)

18 Mass density is higher for nucleus with higher mass number T/E
=
4. Nuclear density
=
15. Mas defect (AM)
l6. Binding enerqy is maximum for -

n Nuclear force is short/long ranged

18. The above statement is based on the fact that
R. Binding energy =
=
Z0. Binding enerqy per nucleon of Fe
=
ZI Average binding enerqy per nucleon

22 Nuclear forces are central/ noncentral in nature

=
- Gravitational force Electrostatic force
: Nucear force :

23. The ratio

nucleons is around
the distance between the
Z4. Potential enerqy is minimum when fm
fm and repulsive for distance less
than
distance larqer than
25. Nuclear force is attractive for
more than fm
Nuclear force is nealiaible when distance between nuceons is
26.
nucleons is =
nuclear force is maximum when distance between the
Z1. The attractive

28. Difference between electron and positron

29. Ratio ofN for heaviest stable nucide

7
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
PHYSICSHACK
180
30. What is emitted in -

) a-deca - (NEET 2024, 19)

(W B-decay - (NEET 2024)
(n) y-decay

O. For radioactive deca relation betuween N and N (NEET 2021)

32. Rate of decay =

(NEET 2020, 19)

33. Relation between R and Ro (NEET 2021)

34. 1 Becquerel =
35. 1Curie = - Bq
36. I Rutherford
=_Bq
37. Mean life =

38. Half life =

-
31. F zX wndergoes C deca the resltant nuclei and parhicles are (NEET 2020)
40. In B decay is transformed to and
4l. In Bt decay - is transformed to and
42. B particle is a-
43 B
particle is a - (NEET 2022)

ah If zX undergoes ß- decay the resutant nudei and paricles are - (NEET 202)
45.If ;X undergoes B+ decay the resultant nuclei and particles emithed are - (NEET
202)
46. Q = in B decay
47Q = lin B* decay
48. In ßr decay after emission anqular momentum of electron is
balanced by -

49. B
decay occurs in nuclides for which too large/small for
is stabilt

50. ß* decay occurs in nucldes for which -is too large/small for
stabilty
5. What happens to the mass number and atomic
number of an element when it emits y-radiation
(NEET 2020)
52. Transformation of proton into
neutron is not possible outside Hhe nucleus. T/E
53. When alue of is too smal butB* decay is not energetically possible
then OCcurs
5L In electron capture electron trom -- shell is used to combine with proton.
55 In electron capture electron and proton combine to
form -
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
NUCLEI 181
=
s6Q (for electron capture)
51.Electron capture can occur outside the nucleus. T/F
58.After electron-capture is emitted

54. y decay occurs after

60. a and fß decay can take place simultaneousl T/F
6l wo y decay can take place simutaneousl T/E

6) 5 conservation laws followed by nuclear reactions are -

63. Enerqy produced in nuclear reaction is in form of -

64. Enerqy released by fission of single g2l285 nucleus is about MeV.

lumass
=
65.Enerqy released by disintegration of
MeV

66. On averaqe - no. of neutrons per fission of uranium nucleus are produced
67 Slouw/fast neutrons have more intinsic probabilty of inducing fission. (NEET 2024)
68. Function of moderator
- (3)
69. Examples of moderators
=
70. Multiplication factor ()
-
7 Function of control rods
-
12 Materials used for making of control rods eg
_
73. Natural uranium has of Us and rest being Us0
ue3
74. Enriched uranium
hasof
15. 238 is fissionable. T/F
76. Moderators should be of high/low molecular weiaht
17. Moderators should be able to absorb neutron. T/F
to reduce their speeds. T/F
78. Moderators should undergo elastic collsion with neutrons
-
should be
M For qeneration of steady power mutiplcation factor
-
reactor
80. Examples of coolant used in nuclear
- (NEET 2024)
used as a coolant in nuclear reactor
a because
81. VWater is
=
reactor wall should be
02. For satety purposes thickness of
83. What are breeder reactors?
84 92l/38 *on'
-
03. Energy generation in
stars take place via
to form helium atom and release MeV of energu
86. Four hydrogen atom combine
= lwhen decay occurs by 2 processes having decay
constants as and )
81. e
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
PHYSICSHACK
182
mean life as l and T)
88. Te =
lwhen decay occurs by 2 processes having
=
89 KE. of thermal neutron
High BMR BEAST LEVEL
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Revision (BMR)
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e
No. of revision OlOlOOO
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(in minutes)

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<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
NUCLEI 183

ANSWERS
mass is same
Z6. Charge is opposite but

2 Stable 29. 16
"He lhelum nucleil
3 Unstable 30. () a-particle ie.

4 Protons and neutrons lid electron or positron

5. 1000 seconds li) Photon

an
6A proton, an electron and antineutrino
N =
31
=
-Adt, N Noe-t
7 9315 MeV N

same nuclear charge but different dN

8 Nuclei having
32. R = =
Noe-t
dt
mass numbers
33. R = Rge-dt
4 Nuclei having same mass number but different
34. 1 Bq =I deoay/sec
nuclear charge
35. /Ci = 3.7 x (0"° B
I0. Nuclei with same number of neutrons
36. I Rd = io Bq
I 32
12 R= RoAV3 - |2 x |0-1> AV m where A - mass 37. T =

No

number In2 0.6931

38. Ty -
3Etis same for all nuclei
229 x \0"" kam3 34.
z,/+ zHe+ @

4p-
=
(Zmp + (A -
Z)mn] -
M 40. A neutron is transformed to a proton, an electron
I5
M
16 59Fe and an antineutrino lon'H'+-1e+vQ)
4l. A proton is transformed to a neutron a positron
n Short ranged
18. Binding enerqy is almost constant in the range 30 and a neutrino (4H
on'+ e+v+Q)
to I10 mass 42. Electron
number
43. Positron lan anti particle of electron)
20. 875 MeV
21. 8 MeV
45. zY 1e+v+Q
22. Non central
23.1: 10: 1038

24.
mass mentioned in above two formula are the mass
08 fm
25. 0.8 0.8 of atom not nucleus
48. Antineutrino particle
26. 10 fm
27. 1
fm 49. Large
<br>

PHYSICSHACK
184 @PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
70. k= Rate of
production of neutrons/rate
of loss
50. Small
5L
of neutrons
Both remain unchanged L
Absorb neutron to reduce the value of
52. T
12. Neutron-absorbing materials -Cd Boron
53. Electron capture
73. 0.7%
54. K
74. 3%
55. Neutron and neutrino
- mlz,y"]2 75. F, U235 is
56. Lml,X^)
76. Low
57 T
71F. moderators should not absorb neutron
58. X-rays

59.a or B decay 78. T

60. F. y decay takes place between them 79 k=l

61. T 80 Air, ice cold water, molten sodium, COz eto
IH
62. () Conservation of electric charge 8. has high specific heat capacity
(H) Conservation of total number of nucleons 82. 7 to 8 ft
() Conservation of mass-energy 83. Reactors that can produce more fuel than they

liv) Conservaton of linear momentum use

(w) Conservation of anqular momentum sal/239
63. Kinetic energy 85. Thermonuclear fusion
64. 200 MeV 86.267 MeV
65. 431 MeV 81. = +
he
2
66. 2h 88. Te = T72
67. Slow (T + Tz)
68. Slowdown the neutron 89. 003 eV

69. Water, D,0. graphite MEME POINT

WHY
DONTTHE ELECTRONS
JUST FALINTO THE
NUCLEUS? ARETHEY STUPID?
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK

Chapto 4
SEMICONDUCTOR ELECTRONICS
-

|Resistivity of
=
(6) Metals
=
(i) Semiconductors
(m) =
lnsulators
2.Examples -
of elemental semiconductors
-
3. Examples of
() Organic semiconductors
-
(i) Inorganic semiconductors

(m) Organic polymer semiconductors -

-
4 Energy band gap for
=
() Metals
=
(i) Insulators

(in) Semiconductors =

liw) Si =

() Ge =

5. In insulators electrons cannot be excited from valence band to conduction band through thermal excitation.

T/F
6. For intrinsic semiconductors relation between no. of electrons, holes and intrinsic carriers -
7 Hole in semiconductor acts as a positive charge. T/F
8 Conductivity of hole is more than electron T/F (NEET 2021)

4 Mobility of electron hole is more.

I0. Effective mass of electron/ hole is more.

I.The no of electron reaching the conducton band from valence band at finite temperature -=

12. Total current in intrinsic semiconductor =

I3.What is doping?
-
4 When Si or Ge is doped with pentavalent atoms the type of semiconductor formed
is (NEET 2020)

15 When Si or Ce s doped with triualent atoms he type of semiconduchor formed is -

(NEET 2019)
is -
l6. Majority charge carrier in n-type semiconductor
n After n-type doping the cryatal lattice acaquires a negatve charge T7F
as
l6. Impurity in p-type semiconductor is also known
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK PHYSICSHACK

186 - (NEET 2019)

semiconductor is
I9,Majority charge carrier in p-type thermal equilibrium is qiven as
-
a semiconductor in
concentration in
20. The electron and hole

21. What is depletion layer? .

current is maximum
& Current Is zero,
22. During formation of depletion layer intially
Current and minority charge carriers are respon.
responsible for,
23. Majority charge carriers are

for current.
24. Width of depletion layer is around -
temperature. 7F
depletion layer is inversely proportional to
25. Width of
proportional to doping T/E
26. Width of depletion layer is directly
are ohmic non-ohmic devices.
Z1. PN junctions and diodes
= (NEET 2021)
or voltage for qermanium and silicon
28 Value of potential barrier threshold
29. In forward biasing -

() P side is connected to terminal of the battery

(i) Potential barrier increases/ decreases.

Ciri) Width of depletion layer increases/ decreases.
(i) PN junction offers smal high resistance
=
(u For ideal PN junction RFB

(u)_ charge carriers are responsible for current.

30 n reverse biasing -
()P side is connected to terminal of Hhe battery

(H) Potential barrier increases/

decreases.
(n) Width of depletion layer increases/ decreases. (NEET 2020)
(iw) PN junction offers small high resistance
=
() For ideal PN junction RRB
(v) charge carriers are responsible for current. (NEET 2024-)
(vi) Value of current depends only on -
31.For every l°C rise in temperature, the reverse saturation
current increases by -_
32. For every l0°C rise in temperature,
the reverse saturation current increases by
33. On increasing the reverse biased voltaqe, tor a -7
particular value for which the reverse current increases
abruptly This valtage calld
is -

34. Avalanche breakdown occurs in a biased lghtly highly

doped diode.
35. When p-n junction is lightiy doped, the width
of the depletion regjon is largelsmal.
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
SEMICONDUCTOR ELECTRONICS 187
36. Continuous flow occurs in
Zener breakdown. T/F
37.Avalanche breakdown is permanent.
T/F
38. Large number of electrons and holes are produced
during Zener breakdown
39. Dynamic resistance
|/
of p-n junction =
40. VA graph of p-n junction
41 For -
rectifier define
(G DC output value
-
(i) Ripple factor (r)
(i) Efficiency

(iv) Peak inverse voltage (PlL)

-
() Form factor
-
(l Peak factor
42 Compare the value of lav Irms form factor, peak factor, ripple factor, max efficienay and PIV for hatf
wave and tull wave rectifier
43. If input voltage is -
A

at Imput AC
Voltage

Then output voltage from half wave and full wave rectifier is given as
44. The output signal frequency in ful-uave rectifier ia double that of input frequency 1/F
45 The output siqnal frequency in half-wave rectifier is half that of input frequency T/F (NEET 2022)

46. In full wave rectifier is used to remove AC ripple from the rectified output. (NEET 2023)
-
41 Zener diode is always used in (NEET 2023, 21)

48. Zener diode is lightly doped silicon diode. T/F

44 For zener diode silcon is preferred over germanium because

50. When input voltage is more than the breakdown voltage of zener diode (zener voltage) the output voltage

willbe equal to

5. Photo diode is operated in -

52. The photo-current is directy proportional to -

more, so
53. If photo-diode is used in forward bias then the photo current will be why is it used in reverse

bias?
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK

188 PHYSICSHACK

54. -V graph for photo diode -

55. LED is operated in -
-
56. In LED, iodes that emit light in infrared region
57. Diode Hhat emit liaht in visible reqion -

58. LED is a heavil lighty doped diode

59. As the forward current increases, intensity of light increases and raches
a
maximum. Further increase
in
the forward current results in decrease of laht intensity T/F

60. Reverse breakdown voltage of LED

61. Safe value of forward current of LED is usually =

62. |-V graph for LED

63. In solar cell one of the p or n reqions is made very thin so That

64. Semiconductors with band gap close to eV are ideal materials for solar cell
-
65. Reason for above statement
66. Materials used for solar cell eq

-
61. |-V qraph of solar cll (NEET 2024)
-
68. Types of transistors

61 Lompare the doping and size of emitter, base and collector - (NEET 2020)
10. Relation between current in emitter, base and collector -

1. Output is aluways taken with -

72. In CE confiquration input and output is taken between

73. Input and output characteristic graph of CE configuration -

74. Input resistance =

75. Output resistance =

76. Current amplification factor for CE mode (B) for AC =

and DC
77. Biasing of emitter and collector when transistor is used as in -

l0 Active regjon - (NEET 2020)

(i) Cutoff reqion -

(n) Saturation reqion -

78. Current amplfication factor for CB mode

la) for AC and DC =
79. Relation between a &ß -
80. When transistor is used as a switch -

(i) Vo =
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK

SEMICONDUCTOR ELECTRONICS 189

- high low output
On lbu input transistor gives
) -- region and off
in
on in regon
lul Switch is
-
When switch is on the output voltage is

is used. an amplfier
When transistor
as

8 =
() A, (oltage gain)
Ay -
a Which configuration has highest

lnl Vo =

VCE
(
VBB =
()
=
(wil AP (power gain)
-
82 Phase difference between input and output signal
in CE and CB amplifier

over CB because
83.For amplfication CE configuration is preferred

CC configuration input is qiven at and output is taken at

84. In
output voltage -
85, In CC confiquration phase difference between input and

86. CC confiquration is used for -

81. Transconductance =
=
88. Voltage qain without feedback
=
81. Voltage qain with feedback

90.Resistance qain =
for realization circuits
ldentity the logic gate and write its
symbol, characteristic equation and truth able

21, 20. 19)

gien in DigaQ I (NEET 2024, 23, 22,

Vcc

Aw
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK

190 PHYSICSHACK

Be

V()

R1
Vcc

R2
(vi)
V+)
BW
Be K

SR
R1

BeW

Voc

() V)
R1
Rz
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK

SEMICONDUCTOR ELECTRONICS 191

equation for XOR and XNOR qate. (NEET 2024)

symbol and characteristic
2 Write
the
the characteristic equation of the symbol given in Diga&2 Digal2
Write
3
(NEET 2024)
T-

97A+0=
=
8 AI
100 ABC
-
(OLA. B.C
+ =
I02 A + A A
=
(03.AAAA

=
I05. AA

06. A
+1=
=
(07 A+ BC
-
I08, In solar cell e and holes are collected by

High BMR BEAST LEVEL

Low BMR Medium BMR
Bio Multiple
Revision (BMR)
6 e
1 2 3 5
No. of revision O

Revision time
(in minutes)

Active space
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK

192 PHYSICSHACK

ANSWERS
24. 10-0

25. F, directly proportional

(imi)
101- o19 m
26. F, inversly proportional
2.
Si and he 27. Non-ohmic

28. Ge - V, Si - 0.7V
3.
) Anthracene, doped pthalocyanines, etc. 0.3
(i) CdS, Gats, CdSe, InP etc. 29
(i) Polgpyrole polyanline, polythiophene etc. () Positive
4 () 0, (i) Eg > 3 el, Ci)
Eg<3eV lapprox - I eV), (H) Decreases
liv)
l -36 x \0-4 T eV,
(i) 07-22 x \0-4 TeV (i) Decreases
5T (iv) Small
6. ni = ne = nh
(u)0
(u) Mgjority

8F. electron has moreeconductivity 30.

9 Electron
( Negative
I0. Hole
(i) Increases
=
Il.n AT3/eEyk where, K = 138 x |0-25 J/K ) ncreases
I2. I - le + Ih Ciol High
3. Adding desirable impurity to intrinsic (W Infinite
semiconductors
(u Minority
4. N-type (wil Temperature
I5. P-type
3. 7%

l6. Electron
32. 100%

nE.t doesnt acquireany charge 33. Zener voltage

1B. Acceptor impurity 34. Reverse, hghtly
19 Hole 35. Large
n
20. nenh 36. F, occurs in Avalanche breakdown
21. The layer
of immobile positive and negative ions 37. T

which have no free electron & holes

T
38
22. Diffusior, drift AV
34. r, =
23. Diffusion, drift
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@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
SEMICONDUCTOR ELECTRONICS
193
43. Half-wave rectifier -

Output vatage

Zener voltaqe
Knee voltage

Reverse bias) (Forward bias) Full-wave rectifier -

due to D
due to D2 due to Di due to Da

Zener
Avalanche breakdoun
breakdown

4 (0 Area under the waveform period 45. F, same

rms value of AL 46. Capacitor
componentrms|2
(i)r= DC output 47, Reverse bias
trid 7 - DC pouwer suplied to load input power 48. F. highly dped
(ol the maximum magnitude of voltage which 49. Silicon has higher thermal stabilty
appears across a diode when it is in reverse bias in 50. Zener voltage
rectifier circuit
5. Reverse bias
(w rms. valuel average value 52. Intensity of incident light
(w) Peak value/ r.ms. value 53. Because fractional change in reverse biased
42
current is easier to observe
Parameter Half wave Full wave 54.
rectifier rectifier

Imr
Irms Im2 Reverse bias
or l!
Form factor n/2 or 157 n/2\2 V(Volt)

Peak factor 2
Rpple factor 121 048
Maximum
405%
effciency (7)
PIV
Vm 2Vm lin centre
tapped) 55. Forward bias
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
194 PHYSICSHACK
= Ib +
56. Si Ge and Gals 70. le lc and Ae = Ab+ Ne
57. Gadl . Collector
58. Heavily 12 Input - base and emitter, output - collector and

59 T
emitter
60.5 V 13. Input -

6. 5 mA

=
VoE
8V
62 Intra-red

I00
Forward current mber White

Red
DI 80
VE = 12 V
50 -
60+
40
40+
30
20+
20
02 04 06 0.8

Output
0 I 2 3 5
(mA)
63. The light energy falling on diode is not
greatly
Base current )
absorbed before reaching the junction
8+ -60 yA
64. 15 -50 uA
6+
65. Solar radiation has maximum
intensity of 15 eV
30 JA
66. Si hats, Cdle, Culn Sez
20 uA
67. -V characteristics of solar cell

(Open circuit votage) AVBE

Voc
lat constant VCE)
AB
AVCE
15. ro =
lat constant IB)

76. Bac = lat constant Ic

lsc
VCE), Bdc =
A/B
(Short circuit current) lB
1.
() emitter - Forward biased, collector - reverse
68. Two types - n-p-n
and p-np biased
69 (il emitter - - RB
Emitter Base Collector RB, collector

Doping I00% 2-5% 95-98%

(mi)
emitter - FB, collector - FB
Size Moderate Small Large 8. dac = adc = lc
NB E
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
eEMICONDUCTOR ELECTRONICs 195

89 A- Yo. A

V, - BA
B
a = /BRB VBE
Vi
80 () R
VcC
- lCRC
lil Vo =

Gad High output

() NOT A| Y
liw Saturation, cutoff

(W close to zero

(wi) Transfer characteristic

(i) OR
Active region
A| BY
Cut-off Saturation region 00|0
reqion i

Y
-A +B

(in) AND
ABY
|000
AVo -RCANC -BRC
=
8L () Ay
AV Y = AB
RBAB RE
(i) Common collector

(u) Vo = AVCE = -/CRC (iv) NAND

|ATBY
(i) Vi = AVBB - /BRB |00||
(W VCE - VCc - lcRc
VBB = Y = AB
(ui)
VBE+/BRB
(ui) AP
Bac X Ay

82. 180°,
0° () NOR
ABY
83 CE confiq shows more current gain, voltage gain 00|

and power gain 0|||0

84. Base, emitter
Y
=A+B
85. 0°
86. Impedance 92. XOR
matching
y- AB. B - A +B
81. gm =
AV
V
=
88. A
Vi+ BVo
<br>

@PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
196 PHYSICSHACK
XNOR
49. 0
Y- AB+AB I00. + B+C
IOL. ABC
I02. A
93. Y - A+ B-AB
I03. A

95.1
105. 0
A
6.
I06. |
I07. (A + B).(A + C)
98. A
e - front contact,
I08. holes - back contact

MEME POINT

NPN junction
diode
PNP junction PS
diode

P
Apne SaathMat|Jodiye Hum Alag Hain
<br>

Whatyou get by
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important as whct you @PHYSICSHACKPDFBOOK
ls not co
becomobyachlevng your
goals"

Neel Goyal

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a
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