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Tutorial 4 (4)

The document contains a tutorial on thermodynamics focusing on the 2nd Law and entropy, providing calculations related to heat pumps and refrigeration units. It includes problems on minimum power requirements, evaluating claims of performance, and analyzing Carnot cycles and efficiencies of heat engines. Specific numerical answers are provided for each problem, demonstrating practical applications of thermodynamic principles.

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14 views1 page

Tutorial 4 (4)

The document contains a tutorial on thermodynamics focusing on the 2nd Law and entropy, providing calculations related to heat pumps and refrigeration units. It includes problems on minimum power requirements, evaluating claims of performance, and analyzing Carnot cycles and efficiencies of heat engines. Specific numerical answers are provided for each problem, demonstrating practical applications of thermodynamic principles.

Uploaded by

eazyncwadi5
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Thermodynamics 1 – Tutorial 4

The 2nd Law of Thermodynamics & Entropy

For air assume Cp=1005 J/kg K; R=287 J/kg K, γ=1.4; For steam assume R = 462 J/kgK

1. It is proposed to heat a house during the winter using a heat pump. The house is to be maintained at
20°C at all times. It is estimated that when the ambient temperature outside drops to –10°C, the rate of
heat loss from the house will be 25kW. What is the minimum electrical power required to drive the heat
pump unit?
[Answer: 2.56kW]

2. An inventor claims to have developed a refrigeration unit that maintains the refrigerated space at –10°C
while operating in a room where the temperature is 25°C, and has a coefficient of performance of 8.5.
How do you evaluate this claim? How would you evaluate the claim of a coefficient of performance of
7.0?

3. A heat pump is to be used to heat a house in the winter and then reversed to cool the house in the
summer. The interior temperature is to be maintained at 20°C in the winter and 25°C in the summer. Heat
transfer through the walls and roof is estimated to be about 2400 kJ per hr per degree temperature
difference between the inside and outside.
a) If the outside temperature in the winter is 0°C, what is the minimum power required to drive the
heat pump?
b) If the power output is the same as that in part a), what is the maximum outside summer
temperature for which the inside of the house can be maintained at 25°C?

[Answers: a) 0.91kW b) 45.3°C]

4. Consider a Carnot cycle heat engine that operates between reservoirs at temperatures of 1000°C and
0°C, and receives 1000kJ of heat from the high temperature reservoir. Taking the working fluid as the
system:
a) Show the cycle on T-s co-ordinates.
b) Calculate the net work and the thermal efficiency of this cycle.
c) Calculate the change in entropy of the high and low temperature reservoirs.

[Answers: b) 785.6kJ, 0.786 c) 0.786J/kgK, 0.785 J/kgK]

5. A heat engine has a perfectly reversible “core” and the only imperfections are the mechanical friction
and the two external heat conductors connecting it to the reservoirs which are at 400 K and 300 K. The
hot conductor has a drop of 11 K, the cold one has a drop of 7 K. The mechanical losses are 50W and this
energy is transferred to the cold reservoir. Calculate:
a) The efficiency of the “core” when operating as an engine
b) The performance of the “core” when operating as a heat pump
c) The performance of the “core” when operating as a refrigerator
d) The real efficiency as an engine delivering 750 W
e) The real performance when operating as a heat pump driven by 750 W

[Answers: a) 21.1% b) 3.48 c) 2.48 d) 19.7% e) 3.25]

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