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5G NETWORKS AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE TELECOMMUNICATIONS

INDUSTRY IN NIGERIA

Conference Paper · March 2024

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 5. INTERNATIONAL MEDITERRANEAN CONGRESS
January 13-14, 2024
Mersin -Türkiye

5G NETWORKS AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE TELECOMMUNICATIONS

INDUSTRY IN NIGERIA

Halliru Sani
College of Computing and Information System, Department of Information Technology, AlQalam
University Katsina, Nigeria.
ORCID: 0009-0000-4703-7300
Muhammad Dapchi Baba
College of Computing and Information System, Department of Information Technology, AlQalam
University Katsina, Nigeria.

ABSTRACT
The telecommunication industry is developing and preparing to adopt the fifth-generation (5G)
networks. The evolving 5G networks are becoming more available as a significant driver of the growth
of telecommunication industry. 5G networks are the next generation of mobile communication
technology, promising faster speeds, lower latency, and increased capacity compared to previous
generations. This study explores the impact of 5G networks on the telecommunications industry. It
discusses the key features and capabilities of 5G networks, including enhanced mobile broadband,
massive machine-type communications, and ultra-reliable low-latency communications. The study also
examines the potential benefits and challenges that 5G networks bring to the telecommunications
industry, such as improved connectivity, new business opportunities, and infrastructure requirements.
Furthermore, it analyzes the implications of 5G networks on various sectors within the
telecommunications industry, including network operators, device manufacturers, and service providers.
The data was collected using a closed ended questionnaire survey with 162 participants. The study is
restricted to the staff from the three selected telecommunication industries (MTN, Glo, Airtel and
Etisalat) within the Katsina metropolis. IBM SPSS software application was used to enter and analyze
raw data from the questionnaire. To fully harness the benefits of 5G networks and mitigate potential
challenges, it is recommended that stakeholders in the telecommunications industry collaborate closely
with policymakers, regulators, and technology providers. This collaboration should focus on addressing
spectrum allocation issues, ensuring cybersecurity measures are in place, promoting infrastructure
development, and fostering innovation through research and development initiatives. This study also
suggests among other things that a similar study be undertaken on other sectors to see how the findings
of the study can differ or be similar to this one. Overall, this paper provides a comprehensive overview
of 5G networks and their transformative impact on the telecommunications industry.
Keywords: 5G, 5G networks, telecommunication industry, mobile communication, technology
PROCEEDINGS BOOK

Introduction
In today’s rapidly evolving technological landscape, the integration of advanced technologies has
become paramount to addressing various challenges across industries. The latest wireless mobile phone
technology, Fifth Generation (5G), was first widely deployed in 2019. While 5G network is at
developing stage, some countries including China, South Korea, the UK and the US commercially
deployed 5G networks, and some other developed countries are being expecting to put forward
commercial 5G networks by 2025 (Bass, 2019). Comparing to the existing wireless networks, 5G
provides high data rate, lower latency, high volume of devices connectivity with energy efficiency, high
reliability and mobility support (Agiwal & Saxena, 2020).
This paper delves into the exploration of the impacts of 5G in telecommunication industry. The
background of this paper can be traced back to the evolution of wireless communication technologies.
From the early days of 1G networks, which only supported voice calls, to the current 4G networks,
which offer high-speed data transfer and multimedia services, the telecommunications industry has
witnessed remarkable advancements. The journey towards 5G has been marked by a continuum of
wireless communication technologies, each generation building upon the innovations of its
predecessors. The first-generation (1G) networks in the 1980s enabled basic voice communication,
followed by second-generation (2G) networks that introduced digital voice and text messaging. Third

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generation (3G) networks brought mobile data and internet connectivity, while fourth-generation (4G)
networks elevated data speeds, enabling seamless multimedia streaming and app usage (Andrews et al.,
2021).
With the emergence of new technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), virtual and augmented
reality, autonomous vehicles, and smart cities, the demand for faster and more reliable communication
networks has increased. This is where 5G networks come in. It promises to provide faster data transfer
speeds, lower latency, higher network capacity, and more reliable connectivity than its predecessors.
With its potential to support a wide range of applications and services, it unlocks new possibilities and
redefines the way we interact with technology (Rappaport et al., 2022). However, the deployment and
integration of 5G networks into the existing telecommunications infrastructure pose both technical and
strategic challenges. Its impact is multi-dimensional and far-reaching. The roll-out of 5G requires
significant investment in new infrastructure, including advanced antennas, small cells, and fiber-optic
cables. The increased frequency spectrum used by 5G also demands careful consideration of signal
propagation and coverage. Furthermore, the coexistence of 5G with previous generations necessitates
efficient network management and seamless interconnectivity.
As the world becomes increasingly interconnected and reliant on advanced technologies, the demand
for faster, more reliable, and more efficient telecommunication networks has never been greater. The
emergence of 5G technology promises to revolutionize the telecommunications industry by offering
unprecedented levels of speed, capacity, and connectivity. However, the widespread adoption of 5G
technology also raises significant challenges and concerns, such as the need for significant infrastructure
investments, the potential for increased cybersecurity risks, and the impact on existing business models
and regulatory frameworks. This paper therefore primarily aims to investigate, study and advance the
existing knowledge on 5G networks and their various impacts on the telecommunications industry.
Research on 5G networks and their impact on the telecommunications industry is essential for
companies, policymakers, and other stakeholders to understand the potential benefits and challenges of
this new technology and make informed decisions about its deployment and use.

Literature Review
Introduction
The fifth-generation (5G) network, with the speed of 1–10 Gbps (1Gbit = 1000 Mbit), denotes the next
major phase of mobile telecommunications standards beyond the current 4G Long Term Evolution
(LTE). 5G technology offers extraordinary data capabilities and unlimited data broadcast within the
latest mobile operating systems. Other features of 5G networks are enhanced mobile broadband,
dynamic low latency, wider bandwidths, device-centric mobility, and simultaneous redundant, and
reliable-device-to-device links (Bhalla & Bhalla 2010; Mishra 2018).
5G technology has sparked significant interest and excitement in the telecommunications industry. As
the fifth generation of mobile networks, 5G promises to revolutionize global wireless standards, offering
higher data speeds, reduced latency, enhanced reliability, and increased network capacity.
PROCEEDINGS BOOK

5G represents the fifth generation of mobile networks, ushering in a new global wireless standard
following the progression of 1G, 2G, 3G, and 4G networks. This advanced technology aims to create a
network that seamlessly connects not only people but also machines, objects, and various devices. With
5G, users can expect higher peak data speeds reaching multi-GBPS, significantly reduced latency,
enhanced reliability, expanded network capacity, increased availability, and a more consistent user
experience for a larger number of users. These improvements in performance and efficiency open the
door to exciting new user experiences and enable connections across diverse industries (Mellouk &
Bagaa 2019).
The primary objective of 5G is not limited to providing faster and superior mobile broadband services
than 4G LTE. Additionally, it aims to venture into new service areas like mission-critical
communications and facilitating the connection of the massive Internet of Things (IoT). To achieve this,
5G utilizes various cutting-edge techniques in its air interface design, such as the incorporation of a self-
contained TDD (Time Division Duplex) sub frame design (Ken, 2021).

Conceptual Framework
According to Harvey and Giles (2023), 5G is considered a cellular broadband technology and functions
as a network of networks. The expertise and knowledge of Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) in

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building and operating networks will play a crucial role in the success of 5G. Besides providing network
services, MNOs will also be involved in developing and managing new Internet of Things (IoT) services.
Deploying 5G networks while maintaining the operation of existing 3G and 4G networks may present
challenges, particularly concerning the frequency spectrum's capacity, especially if there is a significant
increase in IoT devices as predicted. To address this, MNOs will need to utilize a new spectrum in the
6 to 300 GHz range, which requires substantial network infrastructure investments. To achieve the
ambitious 1ms latency goal, 5G networks will rely on optical fibers for connectivity to the base stations.
Additionally, 5G networks are designed to support virtual networks like low power, low throughput
(LPLT) networks for cost-effective IoT solutions.
The fifth-generation (5G) technological standard for broadband cellular networks, which cellular phone
providers started rolling out globally in 2019, is the anticipated replacement for the 4G networks that
connect the majority of modern cell phones. The same as their predecessors, 5G networks are cellular
networks with discrete geographic locations called cells serving as the service area. Through a local
antenna within the cell, all 5G wireless devices are connected to the internet and phone network via
radio waves. With only one user on the network, the new networks can reach peak download rates of 10
gigabits per second (Gbit/s). With more connections possible because of 5G's larger bandwidth than 4G,
faster speeds can be delivered to more devices in busy regions. Due to the higher capacity, it is
anticipated that 5G networks would be used more frequently as general internet service providers (ISPs),
competing with other ISPs like cable internet. Additionally, new applications in the internet of things
(IoT) and machine to machine (M2M) sectors will be made possible by 5G networks. The 5G networks
cannot be used by smartphones with only 4G capabilities (Jamal, 2022).
5G is poised to transform a wide range of products, services, and industries. While the technology will
improve mobile performance. Fixed wireless connection will be one advantage for both residential and
commercial use, as the fifth generation network will enable online connectivity to rival fiber broadband,
eliminating the need for a landline and bringing improved online access to hard-to-reach places. It will
also provide a number of remote applications, with trials having already taken place with the NHS to
remotely monitor significant changes to a patient’s health.
5G is also being connected with artificial intelligence and holographic technologies, while it is also
being tested for the world’s first 5G television. Other entertainment-related application includes the
deployment of the new networks to provide coverage at festivals and sporting events. Transport is also
set to be revolutionized, including developments in connected cars and the advent of autonomous
transport. Other magnificent uses of the technology include the creation of super smart factories which
promise improved safety, more efficient manufacturing systems, and cost savings for both
manufacturers and consumers. These are just a few examples of how the fifth generation network could
change everything from domestic life, transport and entertainment to business and manufacturing
(Ericsson, 2022).
The making of 5G technology dates back to 2008, with the aim to better utilize the radio spectrum and
enable many devices to be connected simultaneously. It uses higher frequency waves with shorter
PROCEEDINGS BOOK

wavelengths than previous generations. 5G is much better at handling thousands of devices

simultaneously, meaning that one network can handle mobile phones and equipment sensors among
many other forms of hardware without slowing down. The higher-frequency radio bands in which 5G
operates 3.5GHz (gigahertz) to 26GHz and beyond have much greater capacity than their predecessors.
Still, some infrastructure issues are created because cell communication towers must be spaced more
closely to achieve a good signal.
In addition, 5G wireless technology is designed to deliver much higher peak data speeds, ultra-low
latency, and greater reliability and capacity than previous networks allowing more users per cell and
better performance in populated urban areas. For 5G to work, the most important cellular phone
companies in the world will need to install many more transmitters and receivers near homes. It is a
significant investment, requiring these companies to be wholly committed to the technology (Rijmenam,
2022).

Key Features of 5G Networks

5G networks provide lower prices, lower battery consumption, and lower latency than 4G wireless
networks. It is because 5G uses Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) networks with higher band breadth at low

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energy levels. Band breadth is 4000 Mbps, which is four hundred times faster than 4G wireless networks.
5G communication networks can also provide hundreds of billions of connections, massive machine
communication, and extreme mobile broadband. Additionally, 5G offers ultra-low latency of 1 ms, 90%
more energy efficiency, 99.9% ultra-reliability, 10 Gbps peak data rate transmission speeds, and mobile
data volume of 10 Tb (Barreto et al. 2016; Saha et al. 2016; Cero et al. 2017).
5G Networking Standards
The 5G networking technology standard is divided into two key parts:
Non-Standalone (NSA) The first 5G networks are based on NSA, which is the basis of commercial
launches expected by the end of 2019. The NSA standard uses existing 4G LTE infrastructure to handle
the control plane and the signal traffic. It can be thought of as just having an extra fast data pipe attached
to existing 4G LTE infrastructure. NSA acts as an initial step that will allow carriers to offer commercial
service throughout 2019 until the adoption of a 5G Standalone standard (Liangping et al., 2019)
Standalone (SA) the 5G Standalone (SA) comes with entirely new core architecture. It moved the control
plane transition over to the 5G Core and made significant changes for the way that networks operate.
SA will be released in 2020—it will support more flexible network slicing and subcarrier encoding. It
is designed to be more efficient than 4GLTE and NSA and will lead to lower costs for the carriers and
improved performance for users (Cero et al. 2017; Saha et al. 2016).
Expanding the Networking Spectrum
5G is an evolving standard combining more spectrums and allowing for more bandwidth and much
faster speeds for consumers. Consumers can connect to the 5G network and leverage the benefits of a
wide range of spectrums. The most used 5G technology is mm. Wave. Carriers will also be using a new
spectrum in the sub-6 GHz WiFi region, low bands below 1 GHz, and existing 4G LTE bands. At
present, there is a significant amount of unused high-frequency spectrum, and the higher the frequency,
the more bandwidth is available (Mathias, 2019).
5G networking technology also relies on different wave spectrums. Wireless networks are composed of
cell sites divided into sectors that send data through radio waves. Fourth-generation (4G) Long-Term
Evolution (LTE) wireless technology requires high-power, large cell towers to radiate signals over long
distances. 5G wireless signals, on the other hand, will be transmitted via large numbers of multiple small
cell stations located in places like light poles or building roofs. The use of a large number of small cells
is necessary since 5G relies on millimeter wave spectrum between 30 and 300 GHz which can only
travel over short distances and is subject to interference from weather and physical obstacles (Hossain
2013).
Unique Features of 5G Networks
5G networks provide improved support of machine to machine communication, aiming at lower prices,
reduced battery consumption, and lower latency than 4G instrumentation. 5G uses Ultra-Wide Band
(UWB) networks with higher band breadth at low energy levels. Band breadth is of 4000 Mbps, which
is four hundred times quicker than today’s 4G wireless networks. 5G communication networks can also
provide hundreds of billions of connections, massive machine communication, and extreme mobile
PROCEEDINGS BOOK

broadband. Additionally, 5G offers ultra-low latency of 1 ms, 90% more energy efficiency, 99.9% ultra-
reliability, 10 Gbps peak data rate transmission speeds, and a mobile data volume of 10 Tb (Barreto et
al. 2016; Saha et al. 2016; Cero et al. 2017).
Intelligent Automation and Economic Contributions of 5G Networks
Manufacturing industries are moving towards digitalization for several reasons, including increasing
revenue by better serving their customers, increasing demand, beating the competition, decreasing costs
by increasing productivity and efficiency, and decreasing risk by increasing safety and security. A recent
study identified the key challenges and requirements in digitization industries digitization (Ericsson,
2017).
5G delivers a high-speed, reliable, and secure broadband experience, and will be a major technology for
growing industry digitization. It will provide the networks and platforms to drive the digitization and
automation of Industry 4.0. It will support the massive rollout of intelligent IoT and the widespread
adoption of critical communications services (Ericsson, 2017).

5G and Telecommunication Industry

Telecommunication industry around the world are under extreme competitive pressure due to shorter
business and product lifecycles. Margins are being squeezed more than ever, and workforces are aging

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and becoming costlier to maintain. To compete globally, telecommunication industry have to improve
efficiency and reduce costs through new process innovations—technologies like robotics, warehouse
automation, smart factories, and flexible manufacturing help. 5G networks and IoT will play crucial
roles in enhancing and enabling these manufacturing advances. 5G networking technologies provide the
network characteristics essential for manufacturing (Ghost et al., 2019).
5G will give telecommunication industry a chance to build smart factories and truly take advantage of
technologies such as automation, artificial intelligence, and augmented reality for troubleshooting. 5G
is a significant technology for industry digitalization that directly enhances connectivity, quality, speed,
latency, and bandwidth. 5G could help overcome manufacturing problems and pain points, including
connectivity issues such as insufficient bandwidth, speed, and latency issues. 5G will also improve
connectivity for a large network of sensors for predictive maintenance of factory floor machines and
robots. 5G networks will allow for higher flexibility, lower cost, and shorter lead times for factory floor
layout changes and alterations. 5G networks, services, and connectivity capabilities have the potential
to transform production, business models, and sales in ways that will benefit manufacturing. Advanced
5G networks and information processing technology can streamline smart factories, improve internal
and external communications, and unify full product life cycle management on a single network
(Ericsson, 2019).
The Impact of 5G on Telecommunication Industry
A 2017 CEO survey of 5G potential applications revealed five different services that could be supported
and would come to maturity when commercial 5G networks are widely deployed (Obiodu & Giles
2017). IoT ranked second on the list, with 77% of the respondent of respondents believing that 5G
provides broad enablement of IoT use cases. Gartner conducted another survey in 2018 to understand
the growing demand and adoption plans for 5G. The results revealed that 65% of organizations had
plans to deploy 5G networks to be mainly used for IoT and video communications by 2020. They
identified operational efficiency as the key driver for their decision (Omale, 2018).
5G networks will integrate mobile tech, big data, IoT, and cloud computing, and will generate a variety
of new applications as the technology is rolled out. 5G will support smart devices, including self-driving
cars, wearable, telemedicine, and Internet of Things (IoT). Autonomous cars and IoT devices are
expected to be major revenue drivers for 5G networks (i-SCOOP 2018).

The potential of 5G technology to improve telecommunication industry has been recognized by

numerous research. In comparison to 4G technology, 5G technology may be able to support up to 10
times faster data transfer rates, 100 times more connected devices, and 10 times reduced latency. Real-
time services and applications like remote control of machines, self-driving cars, and smart cities might
be made possible by this. Furthermore, IoT device energy consumption may be decreased by 5G
technology, which may be advantageous to sectors like agriculture and healthcare (Wu et al., 2020).
While 5G networks have already been implemented in developed countries, the adoption of IoT
solutions in underdeveloped nations has been relatively slow as a result of a number of issues including
PROCEEDINGS BOOK

a lack of adequate connectivity, insufficient network infrastructure, and high implementation costs (Dey
et al., 2020; Ojha et al., 2020). These difficulties have hampered the mainstream adoption of IoT
technologies in industries like manufacturing, transportation, healthcare, and agriculture. The adoption
and use of the IoT technology in these nations, and subsequently, their economic development, may be
significantly impacted by this delay.
Performance Requirements for 5G Networks
An important challenge for 5G networks is to support a variety of performance requirements for
applications in a reliable, flexible, and cost-effective way (Zhang & Fitzek 2015). Activity-based
applications pose many performance requirements, as described in several studies. Energy optimization
of streaming applications in IoT has been analyzed, and energy-efficient task mapping and scheduling
have been proposed (Ali et al. 2019; Tariq et al. 2019). The performance requirements range from data
rate, mobility, latency, connection density, reliability, positioning accuracy, coverage, and energy
efficiency and are usually well described for specific IoT applications. A comprehensive understanding
of the performance requirements of each activity based IoT application could facilitate the selection of
5G technologies needed to meet the growing demands of these applications.
Methodology

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In this paper, a survey research design is adopted. Survey is chosen based on the aim of the study. Survey
is defined according to Dan (2022) as a research technique used to collect data from a predetermined
sample of respondents in order to gain information and insights on a topic of interest. The population
for the study comprised of the whole staff of MTN, Glo, Airtel and Etisalat industries within the Katsina
metropolis. A simple systematic sampling technique was used to select 162 respondents from the
population. Every member of the population is listed with an identity number. Example candidate 1,
candidate 2 etc.
A survey questionnaire was used as an instrument for data collection which was administered to collect
quantitative data from a large sample of undergraduate students. For the purpose of this research paper,
analysis of data collected was based on theoretical studies and graphical representations. With this
technique, the researcher establishes a valid result of findings.
Regarding the sample size for this research, a sample of 162 respondents was be taken. This sample was
drawn based on the recommendation of Krejcie and Morgan’s table (1970) of sample size since the total
population is 280. To distribute the sample size of the research among the telecommunication industries,
the method of proportionate allocation was used. The distribution of the sample size for each of the
industries selected for this research is presented below:
Table 1: Questionnaire Distribution
SN Industry Population Sample Questionnaire
distribution
1 MTN 73 42 73÷280×162= 42
2 Glo 68 39 68÷280×162= 39
3 Airtel 88 51 88÷280×162= 51
4 Etisalat 51 30 51÷280×162= 30
Total 280 162 162
Source: Extracted from IBM SPSS output, 2024
Figure 1: Population Distribution of the Respondents
PROCEEDINGS BOOK

In the MTN industry, where a sample size of 42 will be taken, questionnaires was administered to 42
respondents, in the case of Glo, 39 questionnaires was distributed, Airtel will also have 51
questionnaires, and finally 30 questionnaire was distributed to the respondent from Etisalat industry.
Results and Discussion
Data presentation and analysis play a crucial role in understanding the impact of 5G networks. As the
next generation of wireless technology, 5G promises to revolutionize data transmission by providing
faster speeds, lower latency, and increased capacity. This advancement has significant implications for
various industries, including telecommunications, healthcare, transportation, and manufacturing.
Data Presentation and Analysis
Figure 2: Demographic Characteristics of the respondents

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Based on the result as shown on Figure 2, 93 of the respondents were males representing 57.41% while
69 females were 42.59%. In terms of age, 46 of the respondents falls between the age brackets of 18 –
25 years with 28.40%, those between 26-30 years stands at 21.60%, followed by 31 – 35 years with
24.69% while those between 36-40 years were representing 25.31%. Analyzing the result based on
industry, Airtel has the highest number of respondents with 51 which stands about 31.48%, followed by
42 from MTN with 25.93%, Glo 24.07% and finally Etisalat with the least number of respondents of
18.52%.

Table 3: Positive Impact Questionnaire Items

SN Questionnaire items SD(1) D(2) U(3) A(4) SA(5) Mean St D
Item1 You are familiar with 5 7 36 51 63 3.54 1.35
the fundamental 3.1% 4.3% 22.2% 31.5% 38.9%
principles and
capabilities of 5G
networks
Item2 You have experienced 9 12 30 52 59 3.91 1.19
changes in 5.6% 7.4% 18.5% 32.1% 36.4%
telecommunication
services because of the
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introduction of 5G
Item3 The introduction of 5G 7 14 29 45 67 3.69 1.24
has impacted the 4.3% 8.6% 17.9% 27.8% 41.4%
speed, latency, and
reliability of
telecommunication
networks
Item4 The implementation of 5 17 26 48 66 3.43 1.37
5G technology has 3.1% 10.5% 16.0% 29.6% 40.7%
impacted the user
experience in terms of
internet speed,
connectivity, and
access to innovative
services
Item5 The introduction of 5G 10 16 26 39 71 3.48 1.32
networks positively 6.2% 9.9% 16.0% 24.1% 43.8%

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affected the
competition in the
telecommunication
industry
Source: Extracted from IBM SPSS output, 2024
Table 3 shows the descriptive result of positive impact of 5G networks based on the response
from the respondents. The result shows that Item2 has the highest mean of 3.91 while Item4 has
the least mean of 3.43. Item4 has the highest standard deviation of 1.37, closely followed by
Item1, Item5 and Item3 with a standard deviation of 1.35, 1.32 and 1.24 respectively, while
Item2 has the least standard deviation of 1.19. Most of the respondents have strongly agreed
with the questions as indicated on the table.

Table 4: Negative Impact Questionnaire Items

SN Questionnaire items SD(1) D(2) U(3) A(4) SA(5) Mean St D
Item1 The implementation of 14 18 28 43 59 4.14 1.23
5G technology is 8.6% 11.1% 17.3% 26.5% 36.4%
associated with
privacy challenges in
the telecommunication
industry
Item2 There are certain 6 9 19 62 66 3.92 1.17
factors mitigating the 3.7% 5.6% 11.7% 38.3% 40.7%
implementation of 5G
technology in Nigerian
telecommunication
industry
Item3 The advent of 5G 6 9 35 54 58 3.89 1.21
technology influenced 3.7% 5.5% 21.6% 33.3% 35.8%
the workforce
readiness programs in
preparing individuals
for careers in the
telecommunication
industry
Item4 The Nigerian 3 10 33 56 60 3.72 1.27
government is actively 1.9% 6.2% 20.4% 34.6% 37.0%
supporting the
implementation of 5G
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networks in the
telecommunication
industry
Item5 The introduction of 5G 4 7 34 50 67 3.41 1.35
technology negatively 11.0% 16.4% 22.1% 21.0% 29.5%
influenced the
transformations in
terms of connectivity,
accessibility, and
digital inclusion
Source: Extracted from IBM SPSS output, 2024
Table 4 shows the descriptive result of negative impact of 5G networks based on the response from the
respondents. The result shows that Item1 has the highest mean of 4.14, closely followed by Item2, Item3
and Item4 with 3.92, 3.89 and 3.72 respectively, Item5 has the least mean of 3.41. Item5 has the highest
standard deviation of 1.35, closely followed by Item4, Item1 and Item3 with 1.27, 1.23 and 1.21
respectively, while Item2 has the least standard deviation of 1.17. Most of the respondents have strongly
agreed with the questions as indicated on the table.

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Conclusion and Recommendations
This study sought to find out the impact of 5G networks on telecommunications industry in Nigeria. In
conclusion, 5G networks have the potential to transform the telecommunications industry by providing
faster and more reliable connectivity. The widespread adoption of 5G will enable the development of
new applications and services that can revolutionize various sectors. However, the successful
deployment of 5G networks requires significant investment in infrastructure development and
addressing technical and regulatory challenges.
To fully harness the benefits of 5G networks and mitigate potential challenges, it is recommended that
stakeholders in the telecommunications industry collaborate closely with policymakers, regulators, and
technology providers. This collaboration should focus on addressing spectrum allocation issues,
ensuring cybersecurity measures are in place, promoting infrastructure development, and fostering
innovation through research and development initiatives.
5G will continue to evolve as companies work towards its next phase, though it will take some time
before 5G networks are fully rolled out and utilized. 5G Wireless will also play a crucial role in a
growing number of consumer electronics technologies and companies and will transform the
fundamental ways industries conduct business. 5G wireless will enable companies to be on the growing
side of the growth wave keeping their investors, customers, and workers happy. So, the very near future
will be one of the most exciting times for business in our lifetimes, full of challenges, opportunities, and
risks.

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