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Lecture 3_Modeling in the Frequency Domain

The document discusses control system models, emphasizing the importance of representing system specifications for analysis and design. It reviews the Laplace Transform and provides examples of finding both the Laplace and inverse Laplace transforms, as well as solving linear time-invariant differential equations using the Laplace transform method. The document includes step-by-step procedures for applying these concepts to solve differential equations.

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13 views14 pages

Lecture 3_Modeling in the Frequency Domain

The document discusses control system models, emphasizing the importance of representing system specifications for analysis and design. It reviews the Laplace Transform and provides examples of finding both the Laplace and inverse Laplace transforms, as well as solving linear time-invariant differential equations using the Laplace transform method. The document includes step-by-step procedures for applying these concepts to solve differential equations.

Uploaded by

21-07565
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Modeling in the

Frequency Domain
Engr. John Kristoffer L. Javarez

2:00PM
CONTROL SYSTEM MODELS OR
REPRESENTATION
• To solve a control systems problem, we must put the specifications or description
of the system configuration and its components into a form amenable to analysis
or design.
• Three basic representations (models) of components and systems are used
extensively in the study of control systems:
• Mathematical Models, in the form of differential equations, and/or other
mathematical relations, for example, Laplace- and Z-Transforms.
• Block Diagrams
• Signal-Flow Graph
Review of Laplace Transform
 The Laplace Transform is defined as:

L [f(t)] = F(s)
+
= 
−
f(t)e - st dt

+
= 
0
f(t)e - st dt

 Where s = RE + jIM, a complex number


EXAMPLES
Problem Number One
• Find the Laplace transform of the following:

A.
− at
f(t) = Ae u(t)
B.
f(t) = 3 − 2t + 4t 2
Problem Number Two
• Find the inverse Laplace transform of the following:
2
A. F(s) =
(s + 1)(s + 2)

𝒔𝟐 −𝟔
B. F(s)
𝒔(𝒔+𝟏)(𝒔+𝟑)
SOLVING LTI DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION
• The Laplace transform method yield the complete solution
(complementary solution and particular solution) of linear, time
invariant, differential equations.

• In solving linear, time invariant, differential equations by the


Laplace transform method, two steps are involved.
SOLVING LTI DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION
• STEP ONE
By taking the Laplace transform of each term in the given differential
equation, convert the differential equation into an algebraic equation in s
and obtain the expression for the Laplace transform of the dependent
variable by rearranging the algebraic equation.
• STEP TWO
The time solution of the differential equation is obtained by finding the
inverse Laplace transform of the dependent variable.
EXAMPLES
Problem Number One
• Given the given differential equation, solve for x(t) using the
Laplace transform method. Assume zero initial conditions.
d2 d
2
x(t) + 12 x(t) + 32 x(t) = 32 u(t)
dt dt
s2X(s)+12sX(s) +32 X(s) = 32/s
(s2 +12s + 32 ) X(s) = 32/s
X(s) = 32 / s(s2 +12s + 32 )
= 1/s – 2/(s+4)+1/(s+8)
Take the inverse Laplace of X(s) to solve for x(t)
x(t) = u(t) - 2 e-4t u(t) + 2 e-8t u(t)

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