Mathematics 10

Quarter 2
Self-Learning Module 1
Illustrating Polynomial
Function
Mathematics – Grade 10
Quarter 2 – Self-Learning Module 1: Illustrating Polynomial Function
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education Division of Pasig City

Development Team of the Self-Learning Module

Writer: Glady O. Dela Cruz
Editor: Cristina DC. Prado
Reviewers: Cristina DC. Prado, Ma. Cynthia P. Badana; Ma. Victoria L. Peñalosa

Illustrator: Edison P. Clet

Layout Artist: Clifchard D. Valente
Management Team: Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin
OIC – Schools Division Superintendent
Carolina T. Rivera
OIC - Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Victor M. Javeña EdD
Chief – School Governance & Operations Division and
OIC – Chief Curriculum Implementation Division

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Librada L. Agon EdD (EPP/TLE/TVL/TVE)

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Norlyn D. Conde EdD (MAPEH/SPA/SPS/HOPE/A&D/Sports)
Wilma Q. Del Rosario (LRMS/ADM)
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Perlita M. Ignacio PhD (EsP)
Dulce O. Santos PhD (Kindergarten/MTB-MLE)
Teresita P. Tagulao EdD (Mathematics/ABM)

Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – Schools Division of

Pasig City
 Mathematics 10
Quarter 2
Self-Learning Module 1
Illustrating Polynomial Function
Introductory Message

For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Mathematics Grade 10 Self-Learning Module on Illustrating

Polynomial Functions!

This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed

by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its Officer-in-
Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin, in
partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor, Honorable Victor Ma.
Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum using
the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in developing this instructional
resource.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help learners
acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely: Communication,
Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character, while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body
of the self-learning module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this self-
learning module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing
them to manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist
the learners as they do the tasks included in this self-learning module.
 For the Learner:

Welcome to the Mathematics Grade 10 Self-Learning Module on Illustrating

Polynomial Functions!

This self-learning module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will
be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being an active learner.

This self-learning module has the following parts and its corresponding icons:

Expectations – This section pertains to a set of knowledge and

skills that you will learn after completing the module.

Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson at

hand.

Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts and

skills that you already know about a previous lesson.

Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the module.

Activities – This part includes a set of activities that you need to

perform.

Wrap-Up - This section summarizes the concepts and application

of the lesson.

Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the

lesson.

Posttest - This measures how much you have learned from the
entire module.
 EXPECTATIONS

1. Illustrate polynomial functions.

2. Determine the degree, leading coefficient, and constant term of polynomial

function.

PRETEST

Directions: Read each question carefully and choose the letter that corresponds to the
correct answer.

1. Which of the following is a polynomial function of degree 4?

𝑥 4 −4𝑥 2 +8𝑥+15
A. 𝐺 (𝑥 ) = C. 𝐼 (𝑥 ) = √𝑥 4 + 𝑥 3 − 10𝑥 + 15
𝑥
B. 𝐻(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 3 − 7𝑥 4 + 15𝑥 − 38 D. 𝐽(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 4 − 𝑥 6 + 𝑥 + 38

2. Which of the following is an example of a polynomial function?

5
A. f(x) = + 2x + 3 C. f(x) = x2 + √2𝑥 – 5
𝑥2
1
B. f(x) = 4𝑥 2 - 3x D. f(x) = 5x -3x5

3. How should the polynomial function f(x) = 4x + 3x3 + x5 + 2 be written in standard

form?

A. f(x) = x + 3x 3+ x5 + 2 C. f(x) = 2 + 3x3 + 4x + x5

B. f(x) = x5 + 3x3 + 4x + 2 D. f(x) = 3x3 + 4x + 2 + x5

4. What is the leading coefficient of the polynomial function f(x) = 3x2+4x3+2x4+1?

A. 4 C. 2
B. 3 D. 1

5. It is a polynomial function whose highest degree is 2.

A. Quadratic function C. Quintic function

B. Quartic function D. Constant function
 RECAP
Directions: Select from the “Expression Pond” the examples of polynomial expression.
Box your answers.

EXPRESSION POND

1
x3-3x2+1 4x3-2x2+x+5 2𝑥 4 +3

5x2+x-1+1 8x2+2x-1+2 x99-3x+2 (2x+3)/(x2-8y)

1
4x5-3x4+5x2-x 3x2+𝑥 3 -5x 5x-4x2+9x-8 3x2-x-10

x2+x-3+5 (√𝑥 + 1)3

𝑛 2
4x+3x2+2x3+3 m2-5mn+( )
𝑝

See how easy it is to identify polynomial expression? Good job!

LESSON

Have you ever wondered how businessmen,

researchers and designers made their predictions?
What factors did they consider in making their
predictions? The concepts of polynomial function
models and real-world situations greatly help in
making predictions. Let us first learn what a
polynomial function is.

Polynomial Function
A polynomial function is a function of the form:

f(x)= anxn + an-1xn-1 + … + a2x2 + a1x1 + a0

where an, an-1,…, a2, a1, a0 are real numbers and n is a nonnegative integer.

Do you know what those nonnegative integers are? Very good! Nonnegative
integers include zero or any positive integers.

Other important terms you must remember about polynomial functions are the
degree of a polynomial function which refers to the highest exponent appearing on
the function, the leading coefficient referring to the coefficient of the term with the
highest exponent and the constant term which is the coefficient of the term whose
exponent is zero.
 A polynomial function is said to be in standard form if its terms are arranged in
decreasing powers of x. Some polynomials may have “missing terms”. For example, 3x3
+ 4x + 2 does not have the term x2 but it is still called as a polynomial in the third
degree.

Degree (n, greatest exponent in polynomial)

f(x) = anxn + an-1xn-1 + … + a2x2 + a1x1 + a0

Leading Coefficient (an) Constant Term (a0)

Illustrative Examples:

y = 4x2 – 8x6 + 5x3 + 9 Standard Form y = – 8x6 + 5x3 + 4x2 + 9

Degree of the polynomial is 6.

Leading term is –8x6.
Leading Coefficient is –8.
Constant term is 9.
Missing terms are x5, x4, x.

Polynomial Function in Leading Constant

Polynomial Function Degree
Standard Form Coefficient Term
f(x) = x4 - 5x2 + 3 f(x) = x4 - 5x2 + 3 4 1 3
g(x) = - 5x + 4x2 + 3x7 + 6 g(x) = 3x7 + 4x2 - 5x + 6 7 3 6
h(x) = x + 3x2 + 5x3 + 7x5 h(x) = 7x5 + 5x3 + 3x2 + x 5 7 none

Polynomial functions may also be classified according to the degree:

Polynomial Function in Name of
Degree Example
Standard Form Function
y=a0 0 Constant y=3
y=a1x + a0 1 Linear y=2x - 5
y=a2x2 + a1x + a0 2 Quadratic y=3x2 – 2x + 5
y=a3x3 + a2x2 + a1x + a0 3 Cubic P(x) = 4x3 – 6x2 + 10x + 15
y=ax4+ a3x3 + a2x2 + a1x + a0 4 Quartic g(x) = 3x4 + 4x3 + 2x2 + 1
y=a5x5+ ax4+ a3x3 + a2x2 + a1x + a0 5 Quintic f(x) = x5 + 3x3 + 4x + 2

As we go through this part of the self-learning module, I hope you can now define
and illustrate polynomial functions.
 ACTIVITIES

ACTIVITY 1: LET’S PRACTICE!

Direction: Determine which of the following are polynomial functions. Write P if the
given is polynomial function and NP if not.

_____1. f(x) = 0
1
_____2. h(x) =
𝑥

_____3. g(x) = √𝑥 + 2

_____4. f(x) = 3x4 +2x2+ 1

5
_____5. y = x5 - x3 + x
9

ACTIVITY 2: KEEP PRACTICING!

Complete the table below

POLYNOMIAL FUNCTION POLYNOMIALS IN DEGREE LEADING CONSTANT

STANDARD FORM TERM TERM
1. y = 3x5 -2x2 - 7x4 – 3
2. y = 5x3 +7+ 6x7 - 2x
3. f(x) = 4x6 + 5x2 - 12 + 2x3
4. g(x) = 9+ 2x4 + 3x3 + 5x-3x2
5. p(x) = x2 - 3x3 - 10x – 24

After this activity, it is expected that the definition of polynomial functions and concepts
related to it are all clear to you. Advance to the next activity to deepen your
understanding by giving more examples of polynomial functions.

ACTIVITY 3: TEST YOURSELF!

Manipulate all the numbers in the box as coefficients or exponents to form as
many polynomial functions of x as you can. Please write your polynomial functions in
standard form. The first one is done for you as your guide.

√5 2
4 1 2 -2 -
4 3

2 √5
1) f(x)=-2x4 - x2 + x
3 4
 WRAP-UP

Show me what you have learned by completing the chart on Polynomial Function

Definition Characteristics

POLYNOMIAL FUNCTION

Examples Non-examples

VALUING

Would you have the same belief as

that of Norain’s? Write your answer in
your notebook.

POSTTEST

Direction: Read each question carefully and choose the letter that corresponds to the
correct answer.

1. Which of the following is true about n if f ( x) = x defines a polynomial function?

n

A. a positive integer C. any even number

B. any real number D. any number except 0
2. How should the polynomial function f(x) = 4x + 3x3 + x5 + 2 be written in standard
form?
A. f(x) = x+3x3+x5+2 C. f(x) = 3x3+4x+2+ x5
B. f(x) = x +3x +4x+2
5 3 D. f(x) = 2+3x3+4x+x5
3. It is a polynomial function whose degree is 4.
A. constant function C. quintic function
B. quadratic function D. quartic function
4. It is a function in the form 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑛 𝑥 𝑛 + 𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 𝑛−1 + ⋯ + 𝑎0 , where 𝑎0 , 𝑎, … are real
nos. and 𝑎𝑛 ≠ 0 and n is a non-negative integer
A. Exponential function C. Polynomial function
B. Logarithmic function D. Quadratic function
5. The leading coefficient of the polynomial 4𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 𝑛 − 𝑥 4 + 6 is 7. Which of the
following could be the value of n?
A. 0 C. 3
B. 1 D. 6
 POST TEST
1. A 2. B 3. D 4. C 5. D
ACTIVITY 3: TEST YOURSELF!
2 √5 2 √5
1. f(x)= - x4-2x2+ x 4. f(x)= - x4+ x2-2x
3 4 3 4
√5 2 √5 2
2. f(x)= x4- x2-2x 5. f(x)= x4-2x2- 𝑥
4 3 4 3
√5 2
3. f(x)= -2x4+ x2- 𝑥
4 3
ACTIVITY 2: KEEP PRACTICING!
POLYNOMIAL FUNCTION POLYNOMIALS IN DEGREE LEADING CONSTANT
STANDARD FORM TERM TERM
1. y = 3x5 -2x2 - 7x4 – 3 y =3x5- 7x4-2x2– 3 5 3x5 -3
2. y = 5x3 +7+ 6x7 - 2x y =6x7+5x3- 2x+7 7 6x7 7
3. f(x)=4x6 + 5x2 - 12 + 2x3 f(x)= 4x6+ 2x3+ 5x2 - 12 6 4x6 -12
4. g(x)=9+ 2x4 + 3x3 + 5x-3x2 g(x)= 2x4+ 3x3-3x2+ 5x+9 4 2x4 9
5. y = x2 - 3x3 - 10x – 24 y=-3x3+ x2- 10x – 24 3 -3x3 -24
ACTIVITY 1: LET’S PRACTICE!
1. P 2. 𝑁𝑃 3. 𝑁𝑃 4. 𝑃 5. 𝑃
RECAP
2x1/4+3 4x3-2x2+x+5
x3-3x2+1
2x+3/x2-8y x99-3x+2 8x2+2x-1+2 5x2+x-1+1
5x-4x2+9x-8 3x2+x11/3-5x 4x5-3x4+5x2-x
(√𝑥 + 1)3 x2+x-3+5 3x2-x-10
m2-5mn+(n/p)2
4x+3x2+2x3+3
PRETEST
1. B 2. D 3. B 4. C 5. A
KEY TO CORRECTION
 References

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Trigonometry and Statistics. Quezon,City: Book Media Press, Inc. 2005.
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Esparrago, Elino S. Garcia, Aries N. Magnaye, Fernando B. Orines, Rowena
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REX Book Store, Inc. 2015.
Insigne, Ligaya G. , Revie G.Santos. Advanced Algebra, Trigonometry ang Statistics.
Quezon, City: Bookman , Inc. 2004.
Malaborbor, Pastor B. , Leticia E. Sabangan, Editha J.Carreon, Jose Ramon S.
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