© WWW.MADEEASY.

IN
 NETWORK THEORY

1 Basics

1Ω a b 3Ω

Y
V
+ ab –

5V + 1Ω 1Ω i 4 Vab
–
Q.1 For the given circuit, the currents i1 and i3 are

S
2Ω
(a) 0.31 A (b) 1.25 A
(c) 1.75 A (d) 2.5 A

A
i1 i1
[GATE-2008]
[GATE-2008]
4Ω 2Ω
P Q.4 The equivalent resistance between the points
i2 I0
5A A and D is
6Ω i3 i4
E
i2 3I 0 8Ω +
– 10 V 10 Ω 10 Ω 10 Ω
A B

Q 10 Ω 10 Ω
i2 i3
E
(a) i1 = –2.5 A and i3 = 3.93 A 10 Ω 10 Ω 10 Ω
C D
(b) i1 = 7.5 A and i3 = –2.5 A
(a) 10 Ω (b) 20 Ω
(c) i1 = 3.93 A and i3 = 2.14 A
(c) 30 Ω (d) 40 Ω
D

(d) i1 = –7.5 A and i3 = 3.93 A

[ESE-2015]
[ESE-2021] Q.5
Q.5 For the circuit shown in the figure, the current ‘I’ is
A

Q.2 Consider the circuit shown in the figure below: 2R I

A
4R
2F 4F 3F
M

Ceq ⇒ 3R
2R
4F +
2F 2F C
V
B
–
The equivalent resistance Ceq is equal to 5 F. 4R 4R 1A
The value of capacitance ‘C ’ is
(a) 15 F (b) 10 F
(c) 21 F (d) 26 F
(a) indeterminable due to inadequate data
Q.3 In the circuit shown in the figure, the value of (b) zero
the current i will be given by (c) 4A
(d) 8A [ESE-1999]

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2 CPQ 2025 • Electronics Engineering

C2 C3
Q.6 In the circuit of the figure, the value of the (a) 2.8 and 36
voltage source E is (b) 7 and 119
V2 0V
+
+
(c) 2.8 and 32
– –
C1
2V 1V (d) 7 and 80
+ [GATE-2013]
[GATE-2013]
E=?
– Q.10 If the two circuits shown below are equivalent,
+ + then which of the following is/are correct?
– –
3Ω 1Ω
4V 5V
V1 10 V X X
(a) –16 V (b) 4 V

Y
Io R
(c) –6 V (d) 16 V 18 V 6Ω Ro
[GATE-2000]
[GATE-2000] E
Y Y

S
Q.7 In the circuit shown in the given figure, power 1. E = 2 V, R = 5 Ω 2. E = 4 V, R = 4 Ω
dissipated in the 5 Ω resistor is 3. E = 6 V, R = 3 Ω 4. E = 10 V, R = 1 Ω
10 Ω
Select the correct answer using the code given

A
below:
4A 5Ω 4Ω 5A (a) Only 1 and 2 (b) Only 3
(c) 1, 2, 3 and 4 (d) None [ESE-2006]
E
(a) zero (b) 80 W Q.11 In the interconnection of ideal sources shown in
(c) 125 W (d) 405 W [ESE-2001] the figure, it is known that the 60 V source is
absorbing power.
Q.8 A fully charged mobile phone with a 12 V battery 20 V
E
is good for a 10 minute talk-time. Assume that, +–
during the talk-time the battery delivers a constant
current of 2 A and its voltage drops linearly from I +
– 60 V
D

12 V to 10 V as shown in the figure. How much

energy does the battery deliver during this
talk-time? 12 A
Which of the following can be the value of the
A

(a) 220 J v (t )
current source I ?
12 V
(b) 12 kJ (a) 10 A (b) 13 A
10 V
(c) 15 A (d) 18 A [GA TE-2009]
[GATE-2009]
M

(c) 13.2 kJ
0 10 min t Q.12 In the circuit shown below, the current I is equal to
Q.12
(d) 14.4 J
[GATE-2009]
[GATE-2009] I
j4 Ω –j 4 Ω
+
Q.9 Three capacitors C1, C2 and C3 whose values are 14∠0° A
– 6Ω
10 µF, 5 µF, and 2 µF respectively, have breakdown 6Ω 6Ω
voltages of 10 V, 5 V and 2 V respectively. For the
interconnection shown below, the maximum safe
(a) 1.4∠0° A (b) 2.0∠0° A
voltage in volts that can be applied across the
(c) 2.8∠0° A (d) 3.2∠0° A
combination, and the corresponding total charge
[GATE-2011]
[GATE-2011]
in µC stored in the effective capacitance across
the terminals are, respectively

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 Network Theory 3

Q.13 In the circuit shown below, the current through Q.16 Consider the network shown below with R1 = 1
the inductor is Ω, R2 = 2 Ω and R3 = 3 Ω. The network is
connected to a constant voltage source of 11 V.
1Ω j1 Ω
1∠0A
1∠0V 1∠0V R1 R1

– + + –

1∠0A R2

–j 1 Ω 1Ω
R1 R1 + 11 V
R3 R3 –

Y
2 −1
(a) A (b) A
1+ j 1+ j R2
R1 R1
1

S
(c) A (d) 0 A [GATE 2012
GATE 2012]]
1+ j
The magnitude of the current (in amperes,
Q.14 In the given circuit, each resistor has a value
accurate to two decimal places) through the

A
equal to 1 Ω.
a
source is ____.
[GA TE-2018]
[GATE-2018]

Q.17 If I = 5 A in the circuit below, then what is the

E
value of voltage source Vs (in volts)?

6Ω 6A
E

b
What is the equivalent resistance across the 16 V
3Ω 10 Ω
terminals a and b? +–
D

(a) 1/6 Ω (b) 1/3 Ω

(c) 9/20 Ω (d) 8/15 Ω 4A 16 Ω 12 Ω 7Ω
Vs
[GA TE-2016]
[GATE-2016] I
A

+–
20 Ω

Q.18 In the network shown in the figure, all resistors

M

Q.15 Consider the circuit given below. are identical with R = 300 Ω. The resistance
A
j3V
2Ω
C
Rab (in Ω) of the network is ______________.
B
+ – a
(2
4Ω +
j)V R R R R
R
–

R
+

+ H 4Ω G µF
(1 – j)V 0.
1 R R R
– 1 mH 3Ω
+

V
x
–
+

(1
+

3 R
–

– Ω Rab R
V j) V Ω R R R R
2
–

1
+ – b
F E D
2 mH
(1 + 2j)V R = 300 Ω
then the value of voltage Vx is equal to ____ V. [GATE-2015]
[GATE-2015]

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4 CPQ 2025 • Electronics Engineering

P5. Find ‘V2’ in the circuit shown

V1 V2 1 kΩ

49 i
P1. In the following circuit voltage Vx is given by 100 kΩ
Vx 25 Ω 10 V
– + i

2Ω 5Ω 10 V
+ 1V
–
3Ω +
– α Vx
1Ω
(a) 0.125 (b) 22
(c) 5.16 (d) 3.25

4 10 P6. Find ‘V0’ of the circuit shown

Y
(a) (b)
35 − 2α 35 − 2α 6Ω
10 4
(c) (d)
25 − 2α 25 + 2α

S
4Ω V0
4A 14 V
P2. Find the value of i 6Ω 3Ω
8Ω

A
1V
+ 6Ω
2 Vx +
– 3i
2Ω Vx 1Ω (a) 1 V (b) 2 V
3A
i – (c) 3 V (d) 4 V
E
10 A P7. In the circuit shown. Find Ix and VB
5A
5V

P3. Find the power delivered by the current source

E
+
1Ω 2A VB 8Ω 2 Ix 3Ω 7A 9Ω
6Ω 3Ω –
Ix
2Ω
D

6Ω
3Ω
6Ω (a) 3 A, 24 V (b) 3 A, 15 V
2A
3Ω
(c) 4 A, 18 V (d) 6 A, 10 V
A

1Ω

P4. The V-I relation of the unknown element ‘x’ in the

given network is V = A I + B. The value of
M

A (ohms) and B (in volts) respectively are

1Ω
2A

1Ω
+
+ V x 4A
12 V –
–
I

(a) 2, 8 (b) 2, 20
1 1
(c) ,4 (d) , 16
2 2

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 NETWORK THEORY

2 Steady State
AC Analysis

Q.4 A series circuit containing passive elements has

the following current and applied voltage :
v = 200 sin (2000 t + 50°) ; i = 4 cos (2000 t + 13.2°)

Y
The circuit elements
Q.1 In the circuit of figure, assume that the diodes (a) must be resistance and capacitance
are ideal and the meter is an average indicating (b) must be resistance and inductance

S
ammeter. The ammeter will read (c) must be inductance, capacitance and
resistance
+ A
(d) could be either resistance and capacitance
D1

A
D2 or resistance, inductance and capacitance.
4 sin (ωt )
10 kΩ [ESE -1996]
ESE-1996]
Volts
10 kΩ Q.5 In the circuit shown in the figure, output V0 ( j ω) is
E
–
R R
(a) 0.4 2 mA (b) 0.4 mA
+
10 V V0
0.8 0.4
(c) mA (d) mA
π π R C
E
[GATE-1996]
[GATE-1996]
(a) indeterminable as values of R and C are
Q.2 In the circuit shown, the average value of the
not given
voltage Vab (in Volts) in steady state condition is
D

(b) 2.5 V
_____.
(c) 5 2 V
1 µF
1 kΩ b a 1 mH 2 kΩ (d) 5 V [ESE-1999]
A

– +
5πsin(5000t)
Vab
5V
Q.6 When the angular frequency ω in the figure is
varied from 0 to ∞, the locus of the current phasor
I2 is given by
M

[GATE-2015]
[GATE-2015] i(t)

i 1 (t) i 2(t)
Q.3 An AC source of RMS voltage 20 V with internal
impedance Zs = (1 + 2 j ) Ω feeds a load of Em cos ωt
R2
impedance ZL = (7 + 4 j ) Ω in the figure below. R1
C
The reactive power consumed by the load is
(a) 8 VAR (a)
ZL= (7 + 4j)Ω

Zs = (1 + 2j )Ω
(b) 16 VAR ω=0
20∠0° V

+ I2
(c) 28 VAR –
ω=∞
(d) 32 VAR
[GATE-2009]
[GATE-2009] Em Em E = E m ∠0°
2R2 2 R2

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6 CPQ 2025 • Electronics Engineering

Q.9 VS = 5 cos t and the complex power drawn in

(b)
Em ω=0 E = Em ∠0° 3
2R2 Pcomplex = + 2 j , the value of R and L
2
respectively will be
Em
2R2 I2 R
+
ω=∞ VS L
(c) –
I2
ω=0
ω=∞ 3 4 16 16
(a) and (b) and
2 5 3 5

Y
Em Em Em E = Em ∠0° (c) 4 and 3 (d) 3 and 4
2R2 2 R2 2R2 [ESE-2015]
(d)
Q.10 In the RLC circuit shown in the figure, the input

S
Em E = Em ∠0°
ω=0
2R2 voltage is given by
vi (t ) = 2cos(200 t ) + 4 sin(500 t )
Em
The output voltage n0(t) is

A
2R2
0.25 H 100 µF
Em
2R2 I2 +
+
E 2Ω
0.4 H 10 µ F
ω=∞
[GATE-2001] vi(t) v0(t)
[GATE-2001]

Q.7 An RLC series circuit has a resistance R of 20 Ω 2Ω

and a current which lags behind the applied voltage
E
– –
by 45°. If the voltage across the inductor is twice (a) cos(200t ) + 2sin(500t )
the voltage across the capacitor, what is the
(b) 2cos(200t ) + 4sin(500t )
value of inductive reactance?
D

(c) sin(200t ) + 2cos(500t )

(a) 10 Ω (b) 20 Ω
(c) 40 Ω (d) 60 Ω [ESE-2005] (d) 2sin(200t ) + 4cos(500t )
[GATE-2016]
[GATE-2016]
Q.8 In the circuit shown in the below figure,
A

e1(t ) = 3 cos(ωt + 30°) and

e2(t ) = 3 sin(ωt + 60°). What is the voltage
v (t ) across the 1 Ω grounded resistor?
M

1Ω 1Ω
Q.11 The total power dissipated in the circuit, shown
in the figure, is 1 kW.
+ +
e1(t ) 1Ω e2(t ) 1Ω Xc XL R
10 A 2A 1

– –
Load
AC V 200 V
Source Xc2
(a) {cos ωt } V
(b) {sin(ωt + 30°) + cos(ωt + 60°)} V The voltmeter, across the load, reads 200 V. The
(c) l1∠90°q V value of XL is _______ . [GA TE-2014]
[GATE-2014]
(d) { j 1} V [ESE-2006]

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 Network Theory 7

Q.12 A 0.2 H inductor carries an ac current of 0.5 A P5. Find RMS value of the following wave form
(peak) at 60 Hz. A capacitor is to be connected
in parallel with the inductor such that it reduces
10 V
the magnitude of the current in the inductor to
0.3 A. Assuming that the total current supplied
2V
to the network does not change after adding
the capacitor, what values of capacitance will 2 4 6 8 10 t (s)
be required (in µF)? –4 V

P6. In the given circuit of figure, if ω = 100 rad/sec,

Y
current iL (t ) is
P1. In the circuit shown if power dissipated in 16 Ω
250 Ω
resistor is zero then Vs is

S
1Ω 16 Ω j5 Ω 2Ω
–+ iL(t)

– 4∠0° 1
+ + 2∠ –30° + H
50

A
20∠0° j1 Ω 2Ω Vs
100 Ω

2∠ 30° + 1
– F

+
20
E
–
2∠0°
P2. Find voltmeter reading of the circuit shown
50 Ω
V
1Ω
(a) 2cos(200 π t – 45°)
1F
(b) 1.414 cos(100 t + 45°)
E

5V 10sint (c) 1.414 cos(100 t – 45°)

(d) 2cos(100 π t + 45°)
D

(a) 5 V (b) 7.07 V P7. The voltage across a 20 µF capacitor is defined

(c) 8.66 V (d) 10 V as follows

P3. The resistance of a two element circuit with an (30t 2 )V , 0 < t < 0.5s

A

instantaneous current of I = 4.24 sin (500 t + 45°) v (t ) = 30(t − 1)2 V , 0.5s < t < 1s
that has taken real power of 180 W at a power  0, otherwise

factor 0.8 lag is
M

(a) 25 Ω (b) 15 Ω The waveform of current, through the capacitor

(c) 20 Ω (d) 10 Ω is
i(t), mA i(t), mA
P4. Find Z in the parallel circuit of the network shown 0.6 0.6
if V = 50 ∠ 30° and I = 27.9 ∠ 57.8° (a) 0
1
(b) 0
1
0.5 t (sec) 0.5 t(sec)
–0.6 –0.6
I
+ 3Ω
V 5Ω i(t), mA i(t), mA
Z
0.6 0.6
–j 4 Ω 1
(c) 0
0.5 1 t(sec)
(d) 0
0.5 t(sec)
(a) 5 ∠ – 30 (b) 6 ∠ 30° –0.6

(c) 5 ∠ 30° (d) None

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 NETWORK THEORY

3 Transient Response

Vs Vs

Y
(a) t
(b)
t
–2 –2
Q.1 In the circuit shown in figure. Switch SW1 is initially

S
Vs Vs
closed and SW2 is open. The inductor L carries a
current of 10 A and the capacitor charged to 10 V
(c) (d)
with polarities as indicated. SW2 is closed at t = 0

A
t t

and SW1 is opened at t = 0. The current through –2 –2

[GATE-2014]
[GATE-2014]
C and the voltage across L at (t = 0+) is
SW2 R2 = 10 Ω Q.3 The voltage V C1 , V C 2 and V C3 across the
E
capacitors in the circuit in Fig., under steady
+ state, are respectively.
SW1 C
R1 = 10 Ω L 10 A _ 10 V 10 kΩ 1H 2F 2H 25 kΩ
+ –
E
VC2
+ + +
(a) 55 A, 4.5 V (b) 5.5 A, 45 V 100 V VC1 1F VC3 3F
– 40 kΩ –
–
(c) 45 A, 5.5 A (d) 4.5 A, 55 V
D

[GA TE-2007]
[GATE-2007]
(a) 80 V, 32 V, 48 V (b) 80 V, 48 V, 32 V
Q.2 A combination of 1 µF capacitor with an initial
(c) 20 V, 8 V, 12 V (d) 20 V, 12 V, 8 V
voltage vc(0) = –2 V in series with a 100 Ω
[GA TE-1996]
[GATE-1996]
A

resistor is connected to a 20 mA ideal dc current

source by operating both switches at t = 0 is as Q.4 In the circuit, switch 'S' is in the closed position
shown in the figure. Which of the following graphs for a very long time. If the switch is opened at
M

shown in the options approximates the voltage time t = 0, then iL(t) in amperes, for t ≥ 0 is
vs across the current source over the next few S t=0

seconds? 1Ω
Vc
+ –

4Ω 30 V
10 V
t=0 +
Vs 100 Ω iL (t) 0.5 H
–

(a) 10 (b) 8e–10t

(c) 8 + 2e–10t (d) 10(1 – e–2t)
t=0
[GATE-2021]
[GATE-2021]

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 Network Theory 9

Q.5 When a unit impulse voltage is applied to an It the switch S is closed at t = 0 the voltage VC2
inductor of 1 H, the energy supplied by the will be a
source is (a) fixed voltage of 20 V
(a) ∞ (b) 1 J (b) fixed voltage of 10 V
(c) (1/2) J (d) 0 [ESE -1991]
ESE-1991] (c) fixed voltage of –10 V
(d) sinusoidal voltage [ESE-2001]
Q.6 Consider the circuit given below,
Q.9 In a circuit the voltage across an element is
t = 0 10 Ω t=0
A v (t ) = 10(t – 0.01) e–100t V. The circuit is
10 Ω B k1 k2 (a) Undamped
+ (b) Underdamped

Y
20 V +
–
5Ω VL 6H 2H (c) Critically damped
–
(d) Overdamped [ESE-2003]

Q.10 If the switch S in the circuit shown below is

S
The switch k1 is kept at position A and switch
opened at t = 0, what are the values of v (0+)
k2 was closed for a long time. At t = 0 switch
k1, is moved to position B and k2 is opened. dv +
and (0 ) , respectively?
dt

A
The voltage VL across 6 H inductor at t = 0+ is
(a) 5 V (b) 3 V V
(c) –3.75 V (d) –4.75 V

Q.7 In the circuit shown in the figure below, switch

E
1A S 100 Ω 1H
K is closed at t = 0. The circuit was initially
relaxed. Which one of the following sources of
v (t ) will produce maximum current at t = 0+?
(a) 100 V, 10,000 V/s
E
K R L
(b) 100 V, –10,000 V/s
(c) –100 V, 10,000 V/s
v(t ) + i(t)
– (d) –100 V, –10,000 V/s [ESE-2006]
D

Q.11 x(t ) : Input voltage

(a) Unit step y (t ) : Output voltage
(b) Unit impulse
A

Consider the circuit shown below:

(c) Unit ramp
L = 2H
(d) Unit step plus unit ramp
[ESE-2000]
M

+
Q.8 In the circuit shown in the given figure, x(t) C = 2F y(t )
C1 = C2 = 2 F and the capacitor C1 has a voltage –
of 20 V when S is open.
L S

+
What is the natural response of this system?
(a) A sinusoid with constant amplitude
C1 C2 vc 2 (b) A growing sinusoid
(c) Zero
– (d) A decaying sinusoid
[ESE-2006]

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10 CPQ 2025 • Electronics Engineering

Q.12 In the figure shown below, assume that all the

capacitors are initially uncharged. If
vi (t ) = 10u (t ) Volts, v0(t ) is given by

Q.15 The initial charge in the 1 F capacitor present in

1 kΩ
the circuit shown is zero. The energy in joules
+ + transferred from the DC source until steady state
condition is reached equals ______. (Give the
4 µF 1 µF
4 kΩ
vi(t ) vo(t) answer upto one decimal place.)
– –

Y
1F
5Ω 5Ω
(a) 8e–t/0.004
Volts (b) 8(1 – e–t/0.004) Volts
(c) 8u(t) Volts (d) 8 Volts
10 V +
–
[GATE-2006]
[GATE-2006] 5Ω

S
5Ω 5Ω
Q.13 The switch has been in position 1 for a long
time and abruptly changes to position 2 at t = 0.

A
3Ω 1 2 4Ω 2Ω
[GATE-2017]
[GATE-2017]
t=0
Q.16 In the circuit shown in the figure, the switch is
10 V +
– 2Ω + 2Ω
E
5A closed at time t = 0, while the capacitor is initially
0.1 F V
_ C charged to –5 V (i.e., vc (0) = –5 V).
t=0
If time t is in seconds, the capacitor voltage VC 250 Ω

(in volts) for t > 0 is given by + V –

E
R
(a) 4 (1 – exp (–t/0.5) + VR +
5V – 250 Ω vc(t) 0.6 µF
(b) 10 – 6 exp (–t/0.5) 500
–
(c) 4 (1 – exp (–t/0.6)
D

(d) 10 – 6 exp (–t/0.6) [GA TE-2016]

[GATE-2016]
The time after which the voltage across the
Q.14 In the circuit shown, the switch S is open for a capacitor becomes zero (rounded off to three
long time and is closed at t = 0. The current i(t) decimal places) is ______ ms.
A

for t ≥ 0+ is [GATE-2021]
[GATE-2021]

Q.17 In the circuit below, both the switches are open

M

t=0 10 Ω
S at t = 0 after having been closed for a long time.

1.5 A 10 Ω 15 mH t=0 t=0

6H
i(t) 10 Ω

21 mA 1 kΩ 4 kΩ 20 kΩ 80 kΩ
(a) i(t ) = 0.5 – 0.125 e–1000t A
(b) i(t ) = 1.5 – 0.125 e–1000tA
(c) i(t ) = 0.5 – 0.5 e–1000t A
After what time the energy dissipated in the 4 kΩ
(d) i(t ) = 0.375 e–1000t A
resistor will be 10% of the initial energy stored
[GATE-2010]
[GATE-2010] in the inductor (in µ sec)?

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 Network Theory 11

Q.18 Assume that the circuit in the figure has reached Q.21 In the circuit shown in figure. The switch is
the steady state before time t = 0 when the 3 Ω closed at t = 0.
resistor suddenly burns out, resulting in an open t=0
R L
circuit. The current i(t ) (in ampere) at t = 0+ is _____.

3F 2Ω
1Ω 2Ω 100V i (t ) C
i(t)
12 V +
–
2F 3Ω
Assume initially no charge on the capacitor and
[GATE-2016]
[GATE-2016]
inductor.

Y
Q.19 The RC circuit shown below has a variable Which of the following statement (s) is/are correct?
resistance R(t) given by the following expression: (a) If ‘R’ is increased, the steady state voltage
t across ‘C’ is reduced.
R(t ) = Ro 1−  for 0 ≤ t < T

S
 T  (b) If ‘L’ is reduced to zero, current in the circuit
where Ro = 1 Ω, and C = 1 F. We are also given is exponentially decreases.
that T = 3RoC and the source voltage is Vs = 1 (c) The steady state current through the circuit

A
V. If the current at time t = 0 is 1 A. then the is zero.
current I(t ), in amperes, at time t = T /2 is (d) If ‘R’ is reduce to zero, the peak amplitude
__________ (rounded off to 2 decimal places). of the voltage across ‘C’ will be 200 V.
R(t)
E
I(t)

Vs + C
–
t=0 P1. In the circuit shown, the switch ‘S ’ is open for a
E
long time and closed at t = 0. Find the value of
[GATE-2019]
[GATE-2019] I at t = 0+
2Ω
D

I
t=0
6A 6Ω 4Ω 1F
A

Q.20 In a given circuit, the switch ‘S1’ is closed and

3
‘S2’ is opened for a long time. At t = 0, the switch (a) –6 (b)
2
‘S1’ is open and ‘S2’ is closed.
9
M

2Ω (c) 6 (d)
S1
2
P2. In the network shown, if the voltage ‘V ’ at the time
18V 6H 3H dv
considered is 20 V, then at that time will be
dt
+
S2
10 Ω
Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct? 20 Ω
1F V
2
(a) At t = 0–, the current through 6 H is 9 A 40 V

(b) At t = 0+, the current through 3 H is 0 A –

(c) At t = 0+, the current through 6 H is 9 A (a) 1 (b) 3
(d) At t = 0+ , the current through 3 H is 6 A (c) 2 (d) 0

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12 CPQ 2025 • Electronics Engineering

P3. Find i (t ) for t > 0 P6. Find initial value and final value

4e−2s (s + 2)
2Ω t=0 F (s ) =
2Ω
s
+ ψ(0) = 10
10 V – 2Ω P7. Two series connected capacitors of 30 µF and
1H 45 µF having initial voltage 30 V and 10 V
respectively, are connected to the terminals of
a black box at t = 0. The current in the circuit is
P4. The switch has been in position ‘a ’ for a long
time at t = 0, it moves to position ‘b ’ calculate given as i(t ) = 900 e–2.5 t µA, for t ≥ 0.
i (t ) for t > 0

Y
i(t )
a 6Ω +
+ + t=0
30 V 30 µF v1(t)
i –
t=0 – Black
vo(t )

S
b box
30 V + 2F – +
– 3Ω
10 V 45 µF v2(t)
+ 12 V + – –
–

(a)
−t
3e 4 (b)
−t
−3e 2
A The voltage v0(t), for t ≥ 0 is given by
(a) (40 – 20e –2.5 t ) V
(b) (10 + 20e –2.5 t ) V
−t −t
E
3 4 (c) (40 + 20e –2.5 t ) V
(c) −3e 4 (d) e
2 (d) 20e –2.5 t V
P5. Find i (t) for t > 0
E
3Ω

3Ω 3Ω
D

1Ω 1Ω
t=0
i

+
A

12 V – 1Ω 1H

(a) 2 – e–3t (b) 2 + e–3t

M

(c) 3 – e–3t (d) 3 + e–3t

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 NETWORK THEORY

4 Network Theorems

2V

Y
2Ω 4Ω
+

1A 1Ω 2A 2Ω VTh
Q.1 The Thevenin equivalent impedance ZTh between

S
the nodes P and Q in the following circuit is
–
1H 1F
(a) 2.8 V (b) 3.6 V

1Ω
P

1A 1Ω
A
Q.4
(c) 2.4 V (d) 4.5 V [GATE-2020]
[GATE-2020]

A battery charger can drive a current of 5 A into

E a 1 Ω resistance connected at its output terminals.
10 V +
– Q If it is able to charge an ideal 2 V battery at 7 A
rate, then Thevenin’s equivalent will be
1 (a) 7.5 V in series with 0.5 Ω
(a) 1 (b) 1 + s +
E
s (b) 12.5 V in series with 1.5 Ω
(c) 7.5 V in parallel with 0.5 Ω
1 s2 + s + 1 (d) 12.5 V in parallel with 1.5 Ω
(c) 2 + s + (d)
s s2 + 2s + 1
D

[ESE-2014]
[GATE-2008]
[GATE-2008]
Q.5 Statement (I) : Two ideal current sources with
Q.2 In the circuit shown below, Vs is constant voltage currents I1 and I2 cannot be connected in series.
A

source and IL is a constant current load. Statement (II) : Superposition theorem cannot
be applied to current sources when one terminal
R
of each of these sources is connected to a
M

Vs IL common node.
(a) Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are
individually true and Statement (II) is the
The value of IL that maximizes the power correct explanation of Statement (I).
absorbed by the constant current load is (b) Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are
Vs Vs individually true but Statement (II) is not the
(a) (b)
4R 2R correct explanation of Statement (I).
Vs (c) Statement (I) is true but Statement (II) is
(c) (d) ∞ [GATE-2016]
[GATE-2016]
R false.
Q.3 In the circuit shown below, the Thevenin voltage (d) Statement (I) is false but Statement (II) is true
VTh is [ESE-2018]

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14 CPQ 2025 • Electronics Engineering

Q.6 For the network shown, the equivalent Thevenin A

voltage and Thevenin impedance as seen across
1Ω
terminals ‘ab’ is
1Ω
3i1
2Ω +
1A 1Ω 1Ω
a –
1V
1Ω B

10 Ω (a) 1 A (b) 0.5 A

5A
(c) 0.25 A (d) 0.125 A [ESE-1999]
i1
b Q.10 In the circuit shown in the figure below, the power
(a) 10 V in series with 12 Ω consumed in the resistance R is measured when
(b) 35 V in series with 2 Ω

Y
one source is acting at a time, these values are
(c) 50 V in series with 2 Ω 18 W, 50 W and 98 W. When all the sources are
(d) 65 V in series with 15 Ω acting simultaneously, the possible maximum
[GATE-2021]
[GATE-2021] and minimum values of power in R will be

S
Q.7 The cells are connected in two rows in parallel E1 E2 E3
to pass a current of 6 A through an external
resistance 0.7 Ω. If the electromotive force of
each cell is 2.1 Volts and internal resistance
0.5 Ω, the minimum number of cells will be
(a) 10 cells (b) 12 cells
A RESISTIVE NETWORK R
E
(c) 14 cells (d) 16 cells [ESE-2020]
(a) 98 W and 18 W (b) 166 W and 18 W
Q.8 Consider the circuit shown in the figure below: (c) 450 W and 2 W (d) 166 W and 2 W
4V [ESE-2000]
6Ω
E

Q.11 If the secondary winding of the ideal

2A 3A transformer shown in the circuit of figure has
I
A a 40 turns, the number of turns in the primary
D

B +
winding for maximum power transfer to the 2
7Ω
1A Ω resistor will be
+ Ideal
– 5V
A

– 8Ω transformer
b
Then which of the following statement is not
correct? Vg 40 2Ω
M

turns
(a) The Norton equivalent current source is
equal to 6 A.
(b) The Norton equivalent resistance is equal (a) 20 (b) 40
to 100 Ω. (c) 80 (d) 160
(c) The Thevenin’s equivalent circuit cannot be [GATE-1993 ]
[GATE-1993
constructed.
(d) The Norton’s equivalent resistance is equal Q.12 An input voltage
to infinity. v(t) = 10 2 cos (t + 10°) + 10 5 cos (2 t + 10°)V
Q.9 If a resistance ‘R ’ of 1 Ω is connected across is applied to a series combination of resistance
the terminals AB as shown in the given figure, R = 1 Ω and an inductance L = 1 H. The resulting
then the current flowing through R will be steady-state current i(t) in ampere is

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 Network Theory 15

(a) 10cos (t + 55°) + 10cos (2t + 10° + tan–12) Q.16 The linear network as shown below has only
resistors. If I1 = 8 A and I2 = 12 A; V is found to
3
(b) 10cos (t + 55°) + 10 cos (2t + 55°) be 80 V. V = 0 when I1 = –8 A and I2 = 4 A. Then
2
the value of V when I1 = I2 = 10 A, is
(c) 10cos (t – 35°) + 10cos (2 t + 10° – tan–12)
+ v –
3
(d) 10cos (t – 35°) + 10 cos (2t – 35°)
2
I1 NETWORK I2
Q.13 In the figure, the value of the load resistor RL
which maximizes the power delivered to it is
10 Ω 1H (a) 25 V (b) 50 V
(c) 75 V (d) 100 V

Y
[ESE-2003]
Em cos 10t RL Q.17 For the circuit shown in the figure, Thevenin’s
voltage and Thevenin’s equivalent resistance at

S
terminals a-b is
(a) 14.14 Ω (b) 10 Ω 1A
5Ω
(c) 200 Ω (d) 28.28 Ω
[GATE-2001]
[GATE-2001]

Q.14 In the circuit given below, viewed from AB, the

A 0.5 I1 +
– 5Ω
a

b
I1 +

–
10 V
E
circuit can be reduced to an equivalent circuit as (a) 5 V and 2 Ω (b) 7.5 V and 2.5 Ω
A
+
(c) 4 V and 2 Ω (d) 3 V and 2.5 Ω
10 V 4Ω [GA TE-2005]
[GATE-2005]
–
Q.18 In the circuit shown below, if the current through
E
+
6Ω 5V the resistor R is zero, what is the value of I ?
–
B
D

2Ω 2Ω
(a) 5 volt source in series with 10 Ω resistor
16 V
(b) 7 volt source in series with 2.4 Ω resistor – + R=2Ω
(c) 15 volt source in series with 2.4 Ω resistor
A

(d) 1 volt source in series with 10 Ω resistor 2Ω I

[ESE-2002]

Q.15 In the network of the figure, the maximum power (a) 1 A (b) 2 A
M

is delivered to R1 if its value is (c) 3 A (d) 4 A [ESE-2006]

I1
Q.19 For the network shown below I = (0.2 V – 2) A, (I = the
current delivered by the voltage source V). The
40 Ω
Thevenin voltage Vth and resistance Rth for the
0.5 I1 20 Ω R1 network N across the terminals AB are respectively
+
50 V A I
–
+
N V
40
(a) 16 Ω (b) Ω
3 B
(c) 60 Ω (d) 20 Ω [GA TE-2002]
[GATE-2002]

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16 CPQ 2025 • Electronics Engineering

(a) –10 V, 5 Ω (b) 10 V, 5 Ω

(c) –10 V, 0.2 Ω (d) 10 V, 0.2 Ω
[ESE-2010]

Q.20 Two AC sources feed a common variable resistive Q.24 In the circuit shown in the figure, the maximum
load as shown in the figure. Under the maximum power (in watt) delivered to the resistor R is
power transfer condition, the power absorbed by _____.
the load resistance RL is 3 kΩ 10 kΩ
6Ω j8 Ω 6Ω j8 Ω

100V0
+ +
5V + 2 kΩ V 40 kΩ R

Y
i1 i2 – _ 0 –
110∠0° V RL 90∠0° V

[GATE-2016]
[GATE-2016]

S
(a) 2200 W (b) 1250 W
(c) 1000 W (d) 625 W Q.25 Consider the circuit shown in the figure.
[2003 : 2 Marks]

A
Q.21 In the circuit given below, the value of R required 3 i0

for the transfer of maximum power to the load i0

P
1Ω
having a resistance of 3 Ω is
R
E 10 V 1Ω 1Ω

1Ω
Q
+
6Ω Load
The Thevenin equivalent resistance (in Ω) across
10 V 3Ω
– P-Q is _____.
E

[GA TE-2017]
[GATE-2017]
(a) zero (b) 3 Ω
(c) 6 Ω (d) infinity [GATE-2011]
[GATE-2011]
D

Q.22 Assuming both the voltage sources are in phase,

the value of R for which maximum power is
transferred from circuit A to circuit B is Q.26 A D.C. circuit has a voltage source ‘V’ and current
A

source ‘I’ and several resistors, A Particular

2Ω R
resistance ‘R’ dissipates a power of 64 watts, when
+ + voltage source alone is active. The same resistance
M

10 V – j1 Ω 3V dissipates power of 9 watts, when current source

– – alone is active. The power dissipated by ‘R’, when
both source are active will be
Circuit A Circuit B
(a) 121 W (b) 25 W
(a) 0.8 Ω (b) 1.4 Ω (c) 75 W (d) 100 W
(c) 2 Ω (d) 2.8 Ω [GATE
GATE-2012]
TE-2012]

Q.23 A practical dc current source provides

20 kW to a 50 Ω load and 20 kW to a 200 Ω load.
The maximum power that can be drawn from it, is P1. For the circuit shown. The Nortons equivalent
(a) 22.5 kW (b) 30.3 kW circuit between terminals A and B
(c) 40.5 kW (d) 45.0 kW [ESE-2015]

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 Network Theory 17

50 V (a) 222 V (b) 250 V

–+ A (c) 166.6 V (d) 200 V

+ P5. When given network satisfy the reciprocity. Find

100 V – 3Ω 2A 6Ω 4A
Isc with respect to A and B
B
10 A
(a) 4 A, 2 Ω (b) 6 A, 2 Ω
(c) 4 A, 0 (d) Not exist
20 V 5V
P2. In the network shown, the parallel combination
of ‘R ’ and ‘L ’ constitutes the internal impedance

Y
of the source whereas series combination of R A
and C constitutes the impedance of the load. If
ISC 6A
load draws maximum power the value of R1 and

S
C interms of R and L are B
R

(a) 3 A (b) 1.5 A

A
(c) 2 A (d) None
R1
v(t) = Vm sinωt
L [ESE -1991]
ESE-1991]
C P6. Consider a circuit shown in the figure
E
R(ωL)2 R2 + (ωL)2 14 V
(a) R1 = , C = 6Ω
R2 + (ωL)2 ω2LR2 –+
2 2 2 2 2
R (ωL) ω LR
(b) R1 = 2
,C = 2 a
(RωL) R + ω2L2
E

3A 6Ω 3Ω 9A
RωL2 R2 + (ωL)2
(c) R1 = 2 , C = b
R + (ωL)2 R2ω2L
D

R(ωL)2 R2 + ωL –+
(d) R1 = , C = 10 Ω
R2 + (ωL)2 R2 + ω2L 8V

P3. Which of the following circuit is equivalent to

A

Find the maximum power absorbed by load

the above circuit?
5Ω j10 Ω
a a
M

+
250∠0 ZL –j10Ω 10∠90° (a) 18 V – 18 Ω (b) 1A 18 Ω

b b

P4. Find ‘Vth’ with respect to A and B a

a

A 18 Ω
18 Ω
8 kΩ (c) + (d) 34 V +
+ 18 V – –

I 0.01 VAB + 80I 50 kΩ VAB

–
+ 2V – b b
–

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18 CPQ 2025 • Electronics Engineering

P7. In the following circuit the value of open circuit

voltage and Thevenin resistance at terminals a,
b are
0.01 Vx

3I x
600 Ω
a
+

150 Ω 300 Ω Vx
Ix
–
b

Y
900 Ω
(a) Voc = 100 V, RTh = 1800 Ω
(b) Voc = 0 V, RTh = 270 Ω

S
(c) Voc = 100 V, RTh = 90 Ω
(d) Voc = 0 V, RTh = 90 Ω

A
E
E
D
A
M

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 NETWORK THEORY

5 Two-Port Networks

V1 A B + B1D2

Y
(a) VT = , ZT = 1 2
A1A2 A1A2 + B1C2
V1 A B + B1D2
(b) VT = , ZT = 1 2
Q.1 The parameters of the circuit shown in the figure A1A2 + B1C2 A1A2

S
are Ri = 1 M Ω, R0 = 10 Ω, A = 106 V/V. If V1 A B + B1D2
Vi = 1 µV, the output voltage, input impedance
(c) VT = , ZT = 1 2
A1 + A2 A1 + A2
and output impedance respectively are

A
V1 A B + B1D2
(d) VT = , ZT = 1 2
Ri R0 A1A2 + B1C2 A1A2 + B1C2
+ [GATE-2017]
[GATE-2017]
E
Vi AVi  Z11 Z12 
Q.3 The Z-parameter matrix   for the
Z21 Z22 
–
two-port network shown is
E
(a) 1 V, ∞, 10 Ω (b) 1 V, 0, 10 Ω
(c) 1 V, 0, ∞ (d) 10 V, ∞, 10 Ω 3Ω
[GA TE-2006]
[GATE-2006]
input port output port
D

Q.2 Two passive two-port networks are connected

in cascade as shown in figure. A voltage source 6Ω

is connected at port 1.
A

I1 I2 I3  2 −2  2 2 
(a)  −2 2  (b) 2 2 
+
Two-port
+
Two-port
+    
V1 V2 V3
Network 1 Network 2
M

– – –  9 −3  9 3 
Port 1 Port 2 Port 3 (c) 6 9  (d) 6 9 
   
Given, V1 = A1V2 + B1I2 [GATE-2016]
[GATE-2016]
I1 = C1V2 + D1I2
Q.4 For the two port network as shown below, the
V2 = A2V3 + B2I3
parameters h11 and h21 are
I2 = C2V3 + D2I3
A1, B1, C1, D1, A2, B2 , C 2 and D 2 are the 1 2

generalized circuit constants. If the Thevenin –2

equivalent circuit at port 3 consists of a voltage 4 6

source VT and an impedance ZT, connected in

series, then 1′ 2′

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20 CPQ 2025 • Electronics Engineering

(a) 1 Ω and 2 Ω (b) 2 Ω and 1 (c) Statement (I) is true but Statement (II) is false
1 1 (d) Statement (I) is false but Statement (II) is true
(c) 1and Ω (d) Ω and 1 [ESE-2020]
2 2
[ESE-2013]
Q.8 The Y parameters of a four-terminal block are
Q.5 In the circuit shown, 2-port network N has
4 2
Z11 = 103 Ω, Z12 = 10 Ω, Z21 = –106 Ω and  1 1 . A single element of 1 ohm is connected
 
I2
Z22 = 104 Ω. The current gain is across as shown in the given figure. The new Y
I1
I1 I2 V2 parameters will be

Y
1Ω
50 Ω
+ N 10 kΩ
1 2
VS
– 4 2

S
 1 1
 

(a) –50 (b) +50 5 1 4 3

(a)   (b)  
(c) +20 (d) –20 0 2  2 2 

Q.6 Two identical two-port networks having

A
[ESE-2011] 3 2 
(c)  1 2 
 
4 2
(d)  1 1
 
[ESE-1994]
ESE-1994]

transmission matrix
E
Q.9 If the transmission parameters of the above
A B  network are A = C = 1, B = 2 and D = 3, then
C D 
  the value of Zin is
are cascaded. What will be the resultant
+
E
transmission matrix of the cascade?
V1 2-Port V2 10 Ω
A B  Network
(a)   –
C D 
D

2A 2B  Zin
(b)   12 13
2C 2D  (a) Ω (b) Ω
13 12
 A 2 + BC AB + BD 
A

(c)   8
 AC + CD BC + D 2  (c) Ω (d) 4 Ω [ESE-2000]
7
A2 B2 
(d)  2  [ESE-2014] Q.10 The impedance matrices of two, two-port
M

C D 2  networks are given by

Q.7 Statement (I): ABCD parameters are widely 3 2  15 5 
2 3  and  5 25
used in analysis of power transmission    
engineering and termed as circuit parameters. If these two networks are connected in series,
Statement (II): ABCD parameters are called as the impedance matrix of the resulting two-port
transmission parameters. network will be
(a) Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are 3 5  18 7 
individually true and Statement (II) is the (a)   (b)  
correct explanation of Statement (I) 2 25   7 28 
(b) Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are 15 2 
(c)   (d) indeterminate
individually true but Statement (II) is NOT  5 3
the correct explanation of Statement (I) [ESE-2000]

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 Network Theory 21

Q.11 For the circuit shown in the figure below, The V1 V2

equivalent z -parameter matrix is
I1 1Ω 1Ω I2 gV1
+ +

V1 I2 1Ω V2
The y -parameters of the composite network will
satisfy which one of the following?
– – (a) y 11 = Y + g (b) y 12 = –Y + g
2 Ω 3 Ω  2 Ω 1 Ω  (c) y 21 = –Y + g (d) y 22 = Y + g
(a)   (b)   [ESE-2004]
1 Ω 1 Ω  1 Ω 1 Ω

Y
2 Ω 3 Ω  2 Ω 3 Ω  Q.15 The h11 and h22 of a standard T -network with
(c)   (d)   series impedances 2 Ω and 7 Ω, and shunt
1 Ω 3 Ω 1 Ω 2 Ω
branch impedance of 3 Ω are
Q.12 The input voltage V1 and current I1 for linear (a) 5 Ω and 10 mho respectively

S
passive network is given by V1 = AV2 – BI 2 and (b) 10 Ω and 5 mho respectively
I1 = CV2 – DIz (c) 4.1 Ω and 0.1 mho respectively
Now consider the following network: (d) 10 Ω and 0.2 mho respectively

A
[ESE-2012]
1 2
+ + Q.16 For the circuit shown in the figure, the initial
10 Ω
V1 V2
conditions are zero. Its transfer function
– –
E
1′ 2′
Vc (s)
H (s) = is
Which one of the following is the transfer matrix Vi (s)
10 kΩ 10 mH
A B 
C D  of the network shown above?
E
 
vi(t ) 100 µF vc(t )
1 0   1 10 
(a)   (b)  
0 10  0 1 
D

1 106
 0 1 0 10  (a) (b)
(c)  (d)  s 2 + 106 s + 106 s 2 + 103 s + 106
 
10 0  1 0  103 106
A

(c) 2 (d)
[ESE-2004] s + 103 s + 106 s 2 + 106 s + 106
[GA TE-2004]
[GATE-2004]
Q.13 For an ideal step-down (n : 1) transformer, which
V (s)
M

one of the following is the ABCD parameter matrix? Q.17 The transfer function 2 of the circuit shown
V1(s)
n 1 n 0  below is
(a)   (b)  
1 n 0 n 
100 µF
+ +

10 kΩ
n 0   n 1/ n 
(c)  (d)  V1(s) V2(s)
 
0 1/ n  1/ n 1  100 µF
[ESE-2004] – –
0.5s + 1 3s + 6
Q.14 The 2-port network shown in the circuit given (a) (b)
s +1 s+2
below is connected in parallel with another 2-port s+2 s +1
network which has y11 = y22 = –y12 = –y21 = Y. (c) (d)
s +1 s+2

© Copyright www.madeeasy.in
22 CPQ 2025 • Electronics Engineering

Q.18 Which one of the following is the transmission matrix Q.22 For the circuit shown below, the natural frequencies
for the network shown in the figure given below? at port 2 are given by s + 2 = 0 and s + 5 = 0,
z
without knowing which refers to open-circuit and
which to short-circuit. Then the impedances Z11
y
and Z22 are given respectively by

R1
 1 1 + yz  1 + yz z 1 2
(a)  (b) 
y z   y 1
z11(s ) L R2 z22(s)
1 z   1 1 + yz 
(c)   (d) 
y 

Y
y 1 + yz  z 1′ 2′
[ESE-2006]

Q.19 What is the value of the parameter h12 for the s+5 s+2
(a) K1 , K2

S
2-port network shown in the figure given below? s+2 s+5
4Ω 4Ω 4Ω s+2 s+5
E1 E2 (b) K1 , K2
I1 I2 s+5 s+2

4Ω 8Ω

A (c) K1
s
s+5
, K2
s+2
s+5
E s+2 s+2
(a) 0.125 (b) 0.167 (d) K1 , K2 [ESE-2010]
s+5 s+5
(c) 0.250 (d) 0.625 [ESE-2006]

Q.20 In the two port network shown in the figure below, Q.23 The two-port network P shown in the figure has
Z12 and Z21 are, respectively port 1 and 2, denoted by terminals (a, b) and
E

(c, d), respectively. It has an impedance matrix

I1 I2
Z with parameters denoted by z ij .
re βI1 ro A 1 Ω resistor is connected in series with the
D

network at port 1 as shown in the figure. The

(a) re and βr0 (b) 0 and –βr0 impedance matrix of the modified two-port
(c) 0 and βr0 (d) re and –βr0 network (shown as a dashed box) is
A

[GA TE-2006]
[GATE-2006]
1Ω
Q.21 With reference to the below network the value e a c
M

of Z11 will be P
5Ω 5Ω 5Ω
+ + f b d
I1 I2
+ 5Ω
V1 5Ω vZ V2 z11 + 1 z12 + 1 z11 + 1 z12 
(a)  z  (b)  z 
–  21 z22 + 1  21 z22 + 1
4 vZ +
–
– – z11 + 1 z12   z11 + 1 z12 
(c)   (d) 
(a) –3 (b) 3  z21 z22  z21 + 1 z22 
(c) –1 (d) –5 [GATE-2010]
[GATE-2010]
[ESE-2009]

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 Network Theory 23

Q.24 The ABCD parameters of the two port network Q.27 Two-port parameters of the network shown.
in figure are,
 4 20  2Ω 2Ω
0.1 2 
  3Ω
The output port is connected to a variable load
for maximum power transfer. The maximum

Y
power transferred will be ________ W.  5 3
10 Ω  5 3  16 16 
(a) [ z ] =   (b) [ y ] =  
 3 5  − 3 16 
 16 5 

S
50 V +
– [T] RL
 5 16  16 3 
   5 5
(c) [T ] =  3 3  (d) h  =  

A
1 5   3 1
Q.25 For the circuit shown below the voltage V1 is __ Volts.  5 5 
 3 3 
25 Ω
3Ω
+ +
E Q.28
10 –5
100 V +
– V1 [y ] = mS V2 100 Ω
50 20
– –

6Ω 6Ω
3Ω
Q.26 The ABCD parameters of the following 2-port
E

network are For the network shown

1 1
(a) Y11 = (b) Y12 = −
D

(5 + j4) Ω (5 – j4) Ω 4 12
(2 + j0) Ω 3 3
(c) Y21 = (d) Y22 =
12 4
A

3.5 + j 2 20.5 
(a) 
3.5 − j 2 
M

 20.5 P1. When given network satisfy the reciprocity. Find

the value of ‘K ’
3.5 + j 2 0.5  0.5 V1
(b)  0.5 3.5 − j 2 
2Ω I2
 + +– +
I1
 10 2 + j 0 2Ω
(c) 2 + j 0 10  V1 V2

+ KI 1
7 + j 4 0.5  –
(d)  30.5 7 − j 4  – –
 
(a) 2 (b) – 2
[GATE-2015]
[GATE-2015]
(c) 1 (d) – 1

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24 CPQ 2025 • Electronics Engineering

P2. Find Z22 P6. Find ABCD parameters of the network shown
6Ω
1Ω 1Ω 3Ω 1Ω 1Ω 3Ω

1Ω 4Ω
1Ω 3Ω 3Ω 1Ω 3Ω 3Ω

+
Vx + 5 Vx
2Ω –
P3. Find Isc with respect to A and B –

Rs = 1 Ω
A P7. In the following circuit the z-parameters for
+
 1 −1 L = 3 H are

Y
VS = 1 V Y =  RL
−1 2  1 2
k= k=
B 2 3

S
P4. Find Z-parameters of the circuit shown L L
L L
2I1

A
7.5s 2s  7.5s −2s 
(a)  2s 3s  (b)  −2s 3s 
3Ω   
6s 2s  2s 3s 
10 Ω
E (c) 2s 3s  (d) 6s 2s 
   

P8. In the given two port network what are the values
P5. Find the two-port shown of current I1 and I2 ?
E
I1 I2 I1 I2
4Ω

+ +
10 V + V1 [h ] V2 25 Ω 40 j 20
– 100∠0° + [z] = 10 Ω
– – – j 30 50
D

16 Ω 3 
[h ] =   (a) 2∠0° A, 1∠90° A
 −2 0.01s 
A

(b) 2∠0° A, 1∠0° A

Find (c) 2∠0° A, 1∠–90° A
V2 I2 (d) 2∠–90° A, 1∠–90° A
(a) V (b) I
M

1 1

I1 V2
(c) V (d) I
1 1

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 NETWORK THEORY

6 Resonance

Q.4 Assertion (A): A series R1 – L and a series

Y
R 2 – C are connected in parallel. Parallel
resonance will occur at all frequencies when
R12 = R 22 = L / C.
Q.1 A series resonant circuit has an inductive

S
reactance of 1000 Ω, a capacitive reactance of Reason (R): An inductor must be operated
1000 Ω and a resistance of 0.1 Ω. If the resonant below the self-resonant frequency.
frequency is 10 MHz, then the bandwidth of the (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct

A
circuit will be explanation of A
(a) 1 kHz (b) 10 kHz (b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the
(c) 1 MHz (d) 0.1 kHz correct explanation of A
E
[ESE-1999] (c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is false but R is true [ESE-2002]
Q.2 The value of the capacitance ‘C ’ in the given ac
Q.5 A series L-C-R circuit has a resonant frequency
circuit to make it a constant resistance circuit
f0, with R = 1 Ω, L = 1 H and C = 1 F. If the
E
OR for the supply current to be independent of
components’ values are tripled, the new resonant
its frequency is
frequency will be
(a) 3fo (b) unaltered
D

1H C fo fo
(c) (d) [ESE-2012]
V 3 3
4Ω
A

4Ω Q.6 Consider the following circuit:

R
(a) 1/16 F (b) 1/12 F
M

(c) 1/8 F (d) 1/4 F [ESE-2001]

ω L C
Q.3 The resonant frequency of the given series
circuit is
M = 1H
For what value of ω, the circuit shown above
exhibits unity power factor?
2H 2H 2F 1 1
(a) (b)
(a) 1 / 2π 3 Hz (b) 1 / 4π 3Hz LC  LC + R 2C 2 
 
(c) 1/ 4π 2Hz (d) 1 / π 2 Hz
1 1
[ESE-2001] (c) (d) [ESE-2004]
 LC − R 2C 2  RC
 

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26 CPQ 2025 • Electronics Engineering

V0 (s) and R2. When connected in series, their effective

Q.7 The transfer function H (s) = of an R-L-C Q factor at the same operating frequency is
V1(s)
(a) q1 + q2
106 (b) (1/q1) + (1/q2)
circuit is given by H(s) = 2 . The
s + 20s + 106 (c) (q1R1 + q2R2)/(R1 + R2)
Quality factor (Q -factor) of this circuit is (d) (q1R2 + q2R1)/(R1 + R2) [ESE-2013]
(a) 25 (b) 50
(c) 100 (d) 5000 Q.12 The parallel RLC circuit shown in figure is in
[GA TE-2004]
[GATE-2004] resonance. In this circuit

IR IL IC
Q.8 The condition on R, L and C such that the step

Y
response y (t ) in the figure has no oscillations, is 1 mA RMS R L C
L R

(a) IR < 1mA (b) IR + IL > 1mA

S
u(t ) + C y(t)
–
(c) IR + IC < 1mA (d) IL + IC > 1mA
[GATE-1998]
[GATE-1998]

A
1 L L
(a) R ≥ (b) R ≥
2 C C
L 1
(c) R ≥ 2 (d) R =
E
C LC Q.13 The quality factor of the circuit shown in figure is
[GATE-2005]
[GATE-2005]
R 50 H 200 µF

Q.9 In a series R-L-C circuit, the maximum voltage

across the capacitor occurs at a frequency VL = 40 V
E

(a) double the resonant frequency

20 cos 10t V
(b) equal to resonant frequency
+ –
(c) 2 times the resonant frequency
D

(d) below the resonant frequency Q.14 The resonant frequency of the circuit shown in
[ESE-2006] figure is ________ rad/sec.
A

Q.10 In the circuit shown in the figure below, for what a

3F 6F
value of C will the current I be in phase with the
4H
sinusoidal source voltage Vs = sin2t ?
1
M

(a) F I b
4 4H
1 Vs C (1 + j1)Ω
(b) F
2 Q.15 For the circuit shown below resonant frequency
1
(c) F f0 is _______ kHz.
2 10 Ω 1 mH
(d) 1 F [ESE-2006]
+ –
V 1 ( j ω)
Q.11 Two magnetically uncoupled inductive coils have V1 ( j ω)
Zin(jω) 50 nF
Q factors q1 and q2 at the chosen operating 2
frequency. Their respective resistance are R1

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 Network Theory 27

P3. In a series RLC circuit with frequency of

resonance as f 0 , voltage across resistor,
capacitor and inductor are VR, VC and VL
respectively. Then at any frequency f, which of
Q.16 For series R-L-C circuit, at the upper half-power the following is true
frequency (i) VC > VL if f > f0
(a) p.f. is 0.707 lag
(ii) VC < VL if f < f0
(b) p.f. is 0.707 lead
(iii) VR leads source voltage if f < f0
(c) z = 2 R
(iv) VL = VC = VR if f = f0
(d) z = R (a) (i) and (ii) (b) (iii) and (iv)

Y
Q.17 Resonance frequency of the following network is (c) (iii) only (d) (iv) only

P4. Find impedance (Z ) at resonance.

S
3Ω 3Ω

2Ω
1F 625 µF
9H

(a) 1 rad/sec
(c) Not exist
(b) 2 rad/sec
(d) –9 rad/sec
A 0.16 H
E Z
(a) 1.28 Ω (b) 12.8 Ω
(c) 2 Ω (d) 128 Ω

P5. Find average power consumed by the circuits

P1. In the given network. Find the value of ‘R ’ such at resonance.
E

that the reactive power generated by the source 4H

2Ω
is zero. Value of ‘R ’ in ohms is _______. (i)
2Ω 1F
D

R R

2cosωt
+ –
A

4H 1F
20 cosωt
(ii) 2Ω 1H
P2. Find the voltage across capacitor when voltage
M

across resistor is maximum. 2Ω 1F

0.5 Ω 2H 0.5 F

+ –

20 cosωt
20 V (P – P)

40
(a) V (b) 40 V
2
(c) 20 V (d) 10 V

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 NETWORK THEORY

7 Filters and Magnetic

Coupled Circuits

Q.4 The pole-zero pattern shown in the given figure

is for

Y
jω
Q.1 The circuit shown in the figure below is a

S
L r
1
σ
0

Input
R
C
R

Output
A
E
(a) a low-pass filter (b) a high-pass filter
(a) low pass filter (b) high pass filter
(c) an all-pass filter (d) a band-pass filter
(c) band pass filter (d) band stop filter
[ESE-2001]
[ESE-2000]
E

Q.2 The circuit of the figure represents a Q.5 The transfer function
L1 V2 (s) 10s
= is for an active
D

V1(s) s 2 + 10s + 100

C1 V0
(a) low pass filter (b) band pass filter
L2
A

(c) high pass filter (d) all pass filter

VS RL [ESE-2001]
C2
Q.6 Which one of the following is the transfer function
M

of an electrical low-pass filter using R and C

(a) low pass filter (b) high pass filter elements?
(c) band pass filter (d) band reject filter
RCs 1
[GA TE-2000]
[GATE-2000] (a) (b)
[1 + RCs ] [1 + RCs ]
Q.3 If the numerator of a second-order transfer
function F (s ) is a constant, then the filter is a RC s
(a) band-pass filter (b) band-stop filter (c) (d)
[ RCs ]
1 + [1 + RCs ]
(c) high-pass filter (d) low-pass filter
[ESE-2001] [ESE-2004]

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 Network Theory 29

Q.7 The RC circuit shown in the figure is Q.10 Impedance Z as shown in the given figure is
R C
j5 j2
+ +

j 10 j2
Vi R C VO
j 10

– –

(a) a low-pass filter (a) j 29 Ω (b) j 9 Ω

(b) a high-pass filter (c) j 19 Ω (d) j 39 Ω
(c) a band-pass filter

Y
[GATE-2005]
[GATE-2005]
(d) a band-reject filter [GATE-2007]
[GATE-2007]
Q.11 The following arrangement consists of an ideal
Q.8 In the transformer shown in the figure below, transformer and an attenuator which attenuates

S
the inductance measured across the terminal 1 by a factor of 0.8. An ac voltage VWX1 = 100 V
and 2 was 4 H with open terminals 3 and 4. It is applied across W X to get an open circuit
was 3 H when the terminal 3 and 4 were short
voltage VYZ 1 across YZ. Next, an ac voltage
circuited. The coefficient of coupling would be

A
VYZ2 = 100 V is applied across YZ to get an open
I1 I2
M circuit voltage V W X 2 across W X. Then,
1 3 VYZ 1/VWX1, VWX2/VYZ 2 are respectively,
E
V1 LP LS = 2H V2 W
1 : 1.25
2 4
Y
(a) 1
(b) 0.707
E
X Z
(c) 0.5
(d) indeterminate due to insufficient data (a) 125/100 and 80/100
[ESE-2000] (b) 100/100 and 80/100
D

Q.9 The inductance matrix of a system of two (c) 100/100 and 100/100
mutually coupled inductors shown in figure 1 is (d) 80/100 and 80/100
[GATE-2013]
[GATE-2013]
A

 5 + 4
given by L =  
+ 4 7 
i1 i2
M

B D
A C A
P1. The circuit given below will act
+ +
V1 V2 L1 C1 C1 L1
– – + +
B D C
Fig. (a) Fig. (b)
V1 V2
When the inductors are connected as shown in L2 C2
figure 2, the equivalent inductance of the system
– –
is given by
(a) 20 H (b) 4 H (a) Low pass filter (b) High pass filter
(c) 16 H (d) 8 H (c) Band pass filter (d) Band stop filter
[ESE-2002]

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30 CPQ 2025 • Electronics Engineering

P2. In the circuit below, the load consists of a 400 Ω

resistor and an inductor. For what value of n and
L, the power transferred to the load will be
maximum?
100 Ω 62.5 pF
ω = 10 rad/s

1:n
400 Ω
+
5

–
Vs L

Y
Load
(a) n = 4, L = 3.2 H
(b) n = 0.5, L = 1.6 H
(c) n = 2, L = 6.4 H

S
(d) n = 2, L = 4.8 H

A
E
E
D
A
M

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 Workbook 81
Q.6 Consider a spanning tree of the connected The fundamental cut-set matrix Q corresponding

© Copyright: Subject matter to MADE EASY Publications, New Delhi. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilised in any form without the written permission.
graph: to the same tree is given by

 −1 0 −1 1 0 0
(a) Q =  0 0 1 0 1 0
 0 1 1 0 0 1

 −1 0 1 1 0 0
 
(b) Q =  0 0 −1 0 1 0
 0 1 1 0 0 1
What is the number of fundamental cut-sets?
(a) 15 (b) 16
(c) 8 (d) 7  1 0 1 1 0 0
 
[ESE-2004] (c) Q = 0 0 −1 0 1 0
0 1 1 0 0 1
Q.7 What is the total number of trees for the graph
shown below?
0 0 0 1 0 0
(d) Q = 0 1 0 0 0 −1
 1 0 1 1 −1 −1

[ESE-2012]

(a) 4 (b) 8 Q.10 If Q t and Q l be the sub-matrices of Q f

(c) 12 (d) 16 (fundamental cut-set matrix) corresponding to
[ESE-2006] twigs and links of a connected graph
respectively, then
Q.8 Consider the following with regards to graph as 1. Qt is an identity matrix
shown in the figure given below : 2. Ql is a rectangular matrix
2 3 3. Qf is of rank (n – 1)
Which of the above are correct?
1 4
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 1 and 3 only
(c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
6 5
1. Regular graph 2. Connected graph [ESE-2014]
3. Complete graph 4. Non-regular graph Q.11 A reduced incidence matrix of a graph is given
Which of the above are correct? by
(a) 1 and 4 (b) 3 and 4
(c) 2 and 3 (d) 1 and 2  1 1 0 0 1
[ESE-2017] [A ] =  0 −1 1 0 0

Q.9 For a given connected network and for a fixed  −1 0 −1 −1 0
tree, the fundamental loop matrix is given by
The number of possible trees is
 1 0 0 1 0 0 (a) 8 (b) 7
B = 0 1 0 0 0 −1 (c) 9 (d) 6
0 0 1 1 −1 −1 [ESE-2015]
 

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