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—— of Newburgh, earl of Warwick, 109
Rollo, duke of Normandy, 28
Rome, 292
Rothbury (Northumberland), fortified rectory, 312
Rother river, 325
Rouen (Seine-Inférieure), 22, 27, 66, 176;
abbey of Saint-Ouen, 22;
castle, 23, 82, 117, 176, 178;
priory of Ste-Trinité-du-Mont, 85
Roussillon, fortified churches in, 315
Royat (Puy-de-Dôme), fortified church, 315
Runcorn (Chester), 29
Ruthin (Denbigh), castle, 119
Rutupiae (Kent), 12;
see Richborough
Rye (Sussex), 325
Ryedale (Yorks, N.R.), 85
Bailey, 40, 43, 44, 45, 46, 50, 51, 55, 56;
see Castles, plan of
Ballista, 16, 63, 67, 73, 74
Ballium, 40
Barbican, 215, 229, 230, 233-6, 239-41
Barmkin, 189, 229, 312, 347
Bartizan, 187, 235, 236
Base-court, 40, 96
Basse-cour, 40
Bastille, 236
Bastion, 289, 290
Battering ram, see Ram
Bayeux tapestry, 36, 38, 45, 46, A. Thompson; 36, 38, 44, 45,
46, 52, 66, 190, 192
Belfry, 72, Viollet-le-Duc; 67, 70, 71, 78
Berfredum, 67
Berm, 5, 11, 60
Bishop’s palaces, fortified, 301, 338, 341, 342
Bore, 70, Viollet-le-Duc; 61, 64, 68
Borough, 30
Bourg, 26
Bower, 192, 193
Brattice, 79, 187
Bretèche, 79, 187
Brick-work in eastern counties, 355, 358
—— tower of, at siege of Marseilles, 62
Bridges, fortified, 297, 298;
London bridge, 64;
bridges at Paris, 63
Burg, 25, 26
Burgus or burgum, 30, 41
Burh, 25;
burhs in Saxon England, map of, 31, A. Thompson; 25-27,
28-33, 35, 38, 41, 42
Byzantine military science, 59, 61, 67, 73
Cabulus, 76
Carfax, 22
Castel, 35, 37, 42
Castellum, 35, 55, 60, 66;
castellum construere, etc., 38;
castellis, vastata in, 42
Castles, dwelling-houses in, 188-211
—— in England, Norman, earthworks, 26, 30, 32, 33, 35-57;
mount-and-bailey plan, 42-47, 48-52, 55-56, 110, 113, 160,
161;
relative date of, 56, 57;
importance in warfare, 65, 66, 83-7;
stone fortifications, 47, 89-107
—— in relation to plan of walled towns, 87-89
—— plan of, with successive baileys, 162, 163, 164;
concentric, 7, 164, 264, 264-82, 304;
mount-and-bailey, see Castles in England, Norman
—— strategic position in North of England, map illustrating, 84,
A. Thompson; 83-87
—— Syrian, see Crusaders
Castrum, 35, 53
Cat, 68
Catapult, 73, Viollet-le-Duc;
16, 17, 51, 67, 70, 71, 73-6;
see Ballista, Mangana, etc.
Centering of vault at Lancaster castle, 327
Cervi, 60
Chamber, great, 54, 205, 206, 207
Chapels in castles, 107-9, 209-11;
see also Keep
Châtelet, 236
Chats-châteaux, 68
Chemise, 90, 177
Churches, fortified, 315, 316
Cippi, 60, 61
Closes of cathedrals, fortified, 298, 301
“Contour” forts, 1, 2
Cortina, 89
Countervallation, wall of, 62
Coursière, 80, 82, 178
Courtine, 89
Crenellate, licences to, 298, 301, 303, 304, 307, 308, 309
Crenellations, 79
Cross-bow, 67, 73, 74, 78
Crusade, first, 66, 74;
fourth, 70
Crusaders, castles of, in Syria, 175, 176, 240, 241, 262, 263
Crusades, influence of, on military science, 59, 66, 67, 160, 163,
164, 175, 176, 262, 263
D
Danegeld, 33
Danes, invasions of England and France by, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30,
33, 34, 39, 63, 64, 65
Defence, science and progress of, 79-82, 161-5
Demi-lune, 215
Domesday Book, evidence with regard to early castles, 30, 37,
41, 42, 83
Domgio, 46
Donjon or dungeon, 43, 46, 47, 361, 365
Drainage of roofs, 156, 179
Drawbridge, 55
Dungeon, see Donjon
Dunio, 46
Haia, 55
Hall of castle, 54, 55, 56, 104, 107, 190-3, 195, 197, 198, 200,
202, 205, 206
“Herring-bone” masonry, 93, 99-102
Herse, 70
Hides, raw, used to protect palisades, 62, 64, 68
Hoarding, 79, Viollet-le-Duc;
79, 80, 81, 82, 187
Hooks, grappling, 61, 71
Horn-work, 215
Hourd; see Hoarding
Hurdles, use of, in attack, 61
Lilium, 60, 61
Lists, 264
Limestone, Yorkshire, 355
Logium, 54
Oppidum, 21
Palicium, 55
Palisade and stockade, use of, 5, 25, 26, 29, 32, 36, 40, 45, 46,
52, 53, 55, 58, 59, 61, 65, 66, 67, 68, 73, 89
Pantry, 54
Parapets, 79, 80, 82, 102, 242, 245, 246
Parvise, 192
Pele, 229, 312
Pele-towers, 185, 219, 220, 312, 315, 316
Pele-yard, 315
Pent-houses, 62, 64, 79
Petraria, 73
Pierrière, 73
Pomerium, 292, 295
Porta decumana, 19;
praetoria, 19;
principalis, 19
Portcullis, 70, 96, 227, 229
Porte-coulis, 70
Postern, 247, 251
Praetorium, 14, 18
Promontories, early camps on, 1, 2
Propugnaculum, 89
Quincunx, 60
T
Terebra, 68
Testudo, 62, 68
Tête-du-pont, 63, 234, 326
Teutonic origin of mount-and-bailey castle, conjectural, 51
Timbrian, 29
Tortoise, 68;
see Testudo
Tower at siege of Marseilles, 62
Tower, great, see Keep
Towers on ramparts, 60, 61, 161, 162, 164;
in early Norman castles, 102-4;
see Flanking
—— on walls of Roman stations, 15-17
—— strong, survivals of keep, 269, 281, 282
Towns; Saxon settlements, 23, 24
—— walled, 228, 288, Viollet-le-Duc;
early, 64, 65;
in relation to castles, 87-89
Trebuchet, 75, 76, Viollet-le-Duc; 76
Turrets on Roman wall, 11
Urbs, 21
Ward, 40
Wells in castles, 119, 124, 125, 141, 145, 146, 154, 155, 179