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Telomeres and Telomerase Methods and Protocols 1st
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Methods in Molecular Biology TM

VOLUME 191

Telomeres
and Telomerase
Methods and Protocols
Edited by
John A. Double
Michael J. Thompson

HUMANA PRESS
Telomeres and Telomerase
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M E T H O D S I N M O L E C U L A R B I O L O G Y™

Telomeres and
Telomerase
Methods and Protocols

Edited by

John A. Double
and

Michael J. Thompson
Cancer Research Unit, University of Bradford
Bradford, West Yorkshire, UK

Humana Press Totowa, New Jersey

© 2002 Humana Press Inc.
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Telomeres and telomerase : methods and protocols / edited by John A. Double and Michael J.
Thompson.
p. ; cm. -- (Methods in molecular biology ; v. 191)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-89603-657-X (alk. paper)
1. Telomerase--Laboratory manuals. 2. Telomere--Laboratory manuals. I. Double, John A. II.
Thompson, Michael J.
[DNLM: 1. Telomere--physiology. 2. Telomerase--physiology. QH 600.3 T2777 2002]
QP606.T44 T45 2002
572.8'7--dc21
2001039598
Preface

The fundamental problem that dividing cells have to over-

come is that of end-replication. Chromosomes shorten by many
bases during DNA replication and so this presents a major hurdle
that a cell has to overcome both to enable it to proliferate and for
the larger organism to survive and reproduce. The enzyme telomerase
provides a mechanism to ensure chromosome stability in both normal
and neoplastic cells. The demonstration of telomerase expression
in a majority of tumors and the realization of the potential role of
telomerase in aging has opened up the potential for telomerase to
be used as a target for therapeutic intervention.
There is therefore great interest in the expression and activity
of telomerase in a wide range of biological disciplines. Telomeres
and Telomerase: Methods and Protocols has been produced as a
tool for the many researchers in different areas of cell biology who
are interested in following research in the area of telomerase and
telomere maintenance, either in the area of fundamental mecha-
nisms or perhaps in the area of more applied drug discovery work.
Telomeres and Telomerase: Methods and Protocols covers a
range of novel and essential telomerase assay protocols in step-by-
step fashion allowing them to be easily repeated and applied by
both experienced and telomerase-naïve researchers. The protocols
allow a worker to identify and analyze telomeres, to determine
telomerase expression at the RNA level. The chapters also describe
various methods by which one can determine telomerase activity
and detect potential modifiers of this activity. We trust this work
will be found both informative and useful.
John A. Double
Michael J. Thompson

v
Contents

Preface ................................................................................ v
Contributors ........................................................................ ix
1 Introduction to Telomeres and Telomerase
Michael C. Bibby .......................................................... 1
2 Detection of Chromosome Ends by Telomere FISH
Harry Scherthan ......................................................... 13
3 Telomere Length Distribution:
Digital Image Processing and Statistical Analysis
Jean-Patrick Pommier and Laure Sabatier ............. 33
4 Analysis of Telomerase RNA Gene Expression
by In Situ Hybridization
W. Nicol Keith, Joseph Sarvesvaran,
and Martin Downey ............................................... 65
5 Relative Gene Expression in Normal
and Tumor Tissue by Quantitative RT-PCR
Dennis S. Salonga, Kathleen D. Danenberg,
Jean Grem, Ji Min Park,
and Peter V. Danenberg ....................................... 83
6 Quantitative Detection of Telomerase Components
by Real-Time, Online RT-PCR Analysis
with the LightCycler
Thomas Emrich, Sheng-Yung Chang, Gerlinde Karl,
Birgit Panzinger, and Chris Santini.................... 99
7 Standard TRAP Assay
Angelika M. Burger .................................................. 109
8 Stretch PCR Assay
Jun-ichi Nakayama and Fuyuki Ishikawa ............. 125

vii
viii Contents

9 Fluorescent Detection of Telomerase Activity

Wade K. Aldous, Amber J. Marean, Mary J. DeHart,
and Katherine H. Moore ..................................... 137
10 Nonradioactive Detection of Telomerase Activity
Using a PCR–ELISA-Based Telomeric Repeat
Amplification Protocol
Thomas Emrich and Gerlinde Karl ........................ 147
11 In Situ TRAP Assay Detection of Telomerase Activity
in Cytological Preparations
Kazuma Ohyashiki and Junko H. Ohyashiki ........ 159
12 Biotinylated Primer for Detecting Telomerase
Activity Without Amplification
Daekyu Sun ............................................................... 165
13 Whole-Cell and Microcell Fusion for the Identification
of Natural Regulators of Telomerase
Henriette Gourdeau, Marsha D. Speevak,
Lucie Jetté, and Mario Chevrette ..................... 173
14 Screening with COMPARE Analysis
for Telomerase Inhibitors
Imad Naasani, Takao Yamori,
and Takashi Tsuruo............................................ 197
15 Telomerase as a Therapeutic Target:
Therapeutic Potential of Telomerase Inhibitors
John A. Double ......................................................... 209
Index ................................................................................ 217
Contributors

WADE K. ALDOUS • Department of Clinical Investigation,

Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, WA
MICHAEL C. BIBBY • Cancer Research Unit,
University of Bradford, Bradford, West Yorkshire, UK
ANGELIKA M. BURGER • Tumor Biology Center,
University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
SHENG-YUNG CHANG • Roche Molecular Systems, Alameda, CA
MARIO CHEVRETTE • Urology Division, Department of Surgery,
McGill University and Montreal General Hospital Research
Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
KATHLEEN D. DANENBERG • USC Norris Cancer Center,
Los Angeles, CA
PETER V. DANENBERG • USC Norris Cancer Center, Los Angeles,CA
MARY J. DEHART • Department of Clinical Investigation,
Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, WA
JOHN A. DOUBLE • Cancer Research Unit,
University of Bradford, Bradford, West Yorkshire, UK
MARTIN DOWNEY • CRC Department of Medical Oncology,
University of Glasgow, CRC Beatson Labs, Glasgow, UK
THOMAS EMRICH • Roche Applied Science of Roche Diagnostics
GmbH, Research Center Penzberg, Penzberg, Germany
HENRIETTE GOURDEAU • Cancer Biology, Shire BioChem Inc.,
Laval, Quebec, Canada
JEAN GREM • National Cancer Institute–Medicine Branch,
National Naval Medical Center, Bethesda, MD
FUYUKI ISHIKAWA • Department of Life Science,
Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
LUCIE JETTÉ • Department of Pharmacology, ConjuChem Inc.,
Montreal, Quebec, Canada

ix
x Contributors

GERLINDE KARL • Roche Applied Science of Roche Diagnostics

GmbH, Research Center Penzberg, Penzberg, Germany
W. NICOL KEITH • CRC Department of Medical Oncology,
University of Glasgow, CRC Beatson Labs, Glasgow, UK
AMBER J. MAREAN • Department of Clinical Investigation,
Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, WA
KATHERINE H. MOORE • Department of Clinical Investigation,
Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, WA
IMAD NAASANI • Cancer Therapy Center,
Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
JUN-ICHI NAKAYAMA • Department of Life Science,
Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
JUNKO H. OHYASHIKI • Division of Virology, Medical Research
Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
KAZUMA OHYASHIKI • The First Department of Internal Medicine,
Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
BIRGIT PANZINGER • Roche Applied Science of Roche Diagnostics
GmbH, Research Center Penzberg, Penzberg, Germany
JI MIN PARK • USC Norris Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA
JEAN-PATRICK POMMIER • CEA, DSV/DRR, Laboratoire
de Radiobiologie et Oncologie, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
LAURE SABATIER • CEA, DSV/DRR, Laboratoire de Radiobiologie
et Oncologie, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
DENNIS S. SALONGA • USC Norris Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA
CHRIS SANTINI • Roche Molecular Systems, Alameda, CA
JOSEPH SARVESVARAN • CRC Department of Medical Oncology,
University of Glasgow, CRC Beatson Labs, Glasgow, UK
HARRY SCHERTHAN • Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Genetics,
Berlin, Germany
MARSHA D. SPEEVAK • Department of Laboratory Medicine,
Credit Valley Hospital, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
DAEKYU SUN • Department of Translational Research,
Institute for Drug Development, Cancer Therapy
and Research Center, San Antonio, TX
MICHAEL J. THOMPSON • Cancer Research Unit,
University of Bradford, Bradford, West Yorkshire, UK
Contributors xi

TAKASHI TSURUO • Cancer Therapy Center, Japanese Foundation

for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
TAKAO YAMORI • Cancer Therapy Center, Japanese Foundation
for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
Introduction to Telomeres and Telomerase 1

1
Introduction to Telomeres and Telomerase

Michael C. Bibby

Telomeres are specialized nucleoproteins that have an important

role in chromosome structure and function (1). The telomeric DNA
together with it’s associated proteins protects the chromosome ends
from degredation or aberrant recombination (1, 2). In most eukary-
otes telomeric DNA consists of tracts of simple, tandemly repeated
sequences running 5' to 3' toward the distal ends of the chromo-
some. In humans the sequence TAGGG is repeated hundreds of
thousands of times (3 – 7) but there can be large variations in the
number of telomeric repeats between organisms; i.e., in ciliates there
can be fewer than 50 nucleotides of repeated DNA, whereas some
mouse strains have more than 100 kilobase (kb) repeats (1,8). Mam-
mals show tissue-to-tissue variation in average telomere length
(6,7,9 – 11) and within a single mammalian cell, length of telomeres
varies between different chromosomes (12, 13).

1. Cell Replication
Because of the mechanism of conventional DNA polymerases,
the replication of DNA molecules can be predicted to result in the
gradual shortening of the chromosome by the length of a terminal
primer at each cell cycle (1). This predication is supported by the

From: Methods in Molecular Biology, vol. 191: Telomeres and Telomerase: Methods and Protocols
Edited by: J. A. Double and M. J. Thompson © Humana Press Inc., Totowa, NJ

1
2 Bibby

fact that average length of telomeres has been shown to shorten in a

number of mammalian somatic cells as they proliferate in vitro and
in vivo, whereas single-cell eukaryotes maintain telomeres at a rela-
tively constant length (7, 14). Mammalian germ cells also have the
ability to maintain telomere length; therefore, a separate mechanism
exists in these cells that is able to maintain telomere length. It is
thought that in most eukaryotes the enzyme responsible for replica-
tion of the telomeres is telomerase. Although a number of alterna-
tive solutions to the end-replication problem exist in nature, for
example, the retrotransposons utilized by dipterans like Drosophila,
it appears that the telomerase solution is the most widespread and
perhaps the oldest among eukaryotes (15).
Telomerase activity has been detected in G1, S and G2/M phases
of the cell cycle (14) and similar levels of telomerase have been
observed in phase-specific fractions of primary normal lymphocytes
synchronized by drugs and separated by fluorescence-activated cell
sorting (FACS) (16, 17). Telomerase activity has been shown to
decrease as cells differentiate in culture, and considerable informa-
tion is being amassed on telomerase activity or RNA in relation to
cellular proliferation, e.g., telomerase activity appears to be highest
in the proliferating compartments of the seminiferous tubules of the
testis as compared to the nondividing compartments (18). Interest-
ingly, in the testis this activity is inversely correlated with telomere
length (19), indicating that the relationship between telomerase and
differentiation is not a straightforward one. Although there appears to
be a relationship between telomerase expression and proliferation and
differentiation, more specific links have not been identified.

2. Telomerase Structure
Telomerase is a specialized DNA polymerase that synthesizes
telomeric repeats de novo. It consists of an RNA subunit that acts as
the template for the synthesis of telomeric DNA, and this process is
catalyzed by a protein component (20). Therefore because telo-
merase polymerizes DNA it is a true reverse transcriptase. The RNA
component of telomerase was first characterized in ciliates (21, 22).
Exploring the Variety of Random
Documents with Different Content
 Gapon’s boyhood, the description of the massacre of January,
1905, the account of his escape are good. So are the pictures,
which, though few in number, give interesting glimpses of Russian
life in town and country.” (N. Y. Times.)

+ Ath. 1906, 1: 297. Mr. 10. 500w.

“Told with vigor and deep feeling.”

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+ – N. Y. Times. 11: 138. Mr. 3, ’06. 220w.

+ Outlook. 83: 138. My. 19, ’06. 250w.
Pub. Opin. 40: 332. Mr. 17, ’06. 830w.

Gardenhire, Samuel Major. Long arm. †$1.50. Harper.

Le Droit Conners, artist from inclination and training, non-
professional detective from pure “love of the game” figures in a
series of fascinating mysteries upon which he brings to bear not
 clumsy machine-made discretion and discernment, but a finer
quality of penetration which expresses itself as an original art study
well worth etching. He is an apologist for erring humanity up to the
point of a crime’s outraging even the primal instinct then he
becomes pitiless. There are eight baffling mysteries in the group.

“Personally, we do not find LeDroit Conners as entertaining as

Old Sleuth, although perhaps his methods are more subtle.”

– + Critic. 48: 475. My. ’06. 50w.

+ Ind. 60: 1166. My. 17, ’06. 120w.
“In every instance the plot is ingeniously and skilfully worked
out, while the ‘dramatis personae’ from Conners himself to the
humblest fourth villain, reflect on Mr. Gardenhire’s part an
intimate knowledge of human nature.”

+ Lit. D. 32: 532. Ap. 7, ’06. 710w.

“All of the stories are good not only from the detective point of
view, but from the novelist’s as well, and their ingenuity by no
means overshadows their human interest.”

+ N. Y. Times. 11: 143. Mr. 10, ’06. 640w.

+ Outlook. 82: 477. F. 24, ’06. 80w.
“This new member of the detective fraternity is quite worthy to
succeed his illustrious predecessors.”

+ Pub. Opin. 40: 153. F. 3, ’06. 110w.

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reading in railway trains or in other places of detention; but Le
Droit Conners cannot be called a very noteworthy creation.”

+ – Spec. 96: 503. Mr. 31, ’06. 190w.

Gardiner, John Hays. Bible as English literature. **$1.50.

Scribner.
 “A work which confines its attention to the literary character of
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given to the Bible itself “in the original tongues,” and the remaining
part to the translations.

“An excellent work of its kind.”

+ Bib. World. 28: 351. N. ’06. 30w.

+ Nation. 83: 375. N. 1, ’06. 1060w.
“Has a value limited only by the extent of its circulation, which
cannot be too wide. What one particularly enjoys about it is, that
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literary as distinguished from, and opposed to pedagogic.”
Montgomery Schuyler.

+ + + N. Y. Times. 11: 697. O. 27, ’06. 2650w.

Gardiner, Ruth Kimball. Heart of a girl. †$1.50. Barnes.

“All of Mrs. Gardiner’s gifts of intuition, memory, imagination,
and observation have been marshalled in the depiction of Margaret
Carlin, and her years of training in the art of writing stand her in
good stead.”

+ Critic. 48: 92. Ja. ’06. 150w.

+ N. Y. Times. 11: 808. D. 1, ’06. 80w.

Gardner, Alice. Theodore of Studium: his life and times. $3.

Longmans.
“Miss Gardner presents her present volume as ‘a sketch of a
notable man, who lived in notable times,’ as one in whose life ‘were
focussed many great historical tendencies which gave their
character to the Churches and the civil societies of the Middle
Ages.’” (Am. Hist. R.) “The iconoclastic controversy, though its
history is much less well-known than that of the great theological
controversies which preceded it, is yet, as Miss Gardner points out,
of more practical interest to us at the present day; and the other
conflict in which Theodore was engaged, that as to the marriage of
Constantine, ... was based upon a true moral principle.... After an
introductory chapter dealing with the earlier history of iconoclasm
we have a detailed narrative of Theodore’s life, followed by an
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of some of his hymns, a short sketch of the succeeding history to
1057, and a bibliography of Theodore’s works, while the book is
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monastery.” (Eng. Hist. R.)

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individuality of her subject. In a future edition the author will
doubtless correct some errors and omissions in the index, and a
few mistakes of facts and nomenclature pardonable in an author
not personally acquainted with the Orient.” H. H. Spoer.

+ – Am. Hist. R. 11: 637. Ap. ’06. 1020w.

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careful study, especially of Theodore’s own works.” E. W. Brooks.

+ Eng. Hist. R. 21: 352. Ap. ’06. 940w.

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examination and draws from them an account so lucid, so discreet
and readable, of a little-known age.”

+ Lond. Times. 5: 192. My. 25, ’06. 1120w.

“This is above all a scholarly work. With all her skill in handling
her topic she has not succeeded in turning out an interesting
book.” W. v. S.
 + – N. Y. Times. 11: 482. Ag. 4, ’06. 1430w.
“This is a very learned work, if somewhat marred in execution by
the writer’s prepossessions.”

+ + – Spec. 95: 764. N. 11, ’05. 390w.

Gardner, Percy. Grammar of Greek art. **$1.75. Macmillan.

Outlook. 83: 688. Jl. 21, ’06. 250w.

Gardner, William. Life of Stephen A. Douglas. $1.50. Eastern

pub.

Am. Hist. R. 11: 480. Ja. ’06. 100w.

+ Ind. 60: 344. F. 8, ’06. 60w.

Garland, Hamlin. Witch’s gold; il. by W. L. Taylor, with colored

decoration by H. A. Linnell. †$1.50. Doubleday.
A recast of “The spirit of Sweetwater.” It has been restored from
its cut down serial form to meet the more expensive requirements
of a holiday edition.

“In its present form is a simple healthful love-tale of the West,

adapted to beguile an idle hour.”

+ Lit. D. 33: 394. S. 22, ’06. 90w.

“The story does not represent Mr. Garland at his best; it is
simply an amiable frontier romance, altogether barren of the grim
power of ‘Main-travelled roads.’”

+ – Nation. 83: 228. S. 13, ’06. 390w.

“The tale probably most attractive in a cruder and more elusive
form, suffers in the lengthening.”
 + – N. Y. Times. 11: 581. S. 22, ’06. 550w.
Outlook. 84: 338. O. 6, ’06. 220w.

Garnett, W. H. Stuart. Turbines. *$2.75. Macmillan.

This volume “while written with a view to interest amateurs,
calls special attention to those points and problems deserving the
more particular notice of students. It has been the author’s object
to trace the development of the science of turbines as it appears to
have grown in the minds of the inventors responsible for its
material manifestations. The two parts into which the book is
divided deal respectively, with water and steam turbines.
Appendices contain tables, notes on the ‘Behavior of gas,’ some
mathematical principles, and other matter. There are eighty-three
illustrations in the book.”—N. Y. Times.

“It is a popular work of a most excellent sort—the sort that is

calculated to instruct rather than merely to interest or amuse, and
in which the instruction is given in such plain and simple terms
that it can be understood by the non-technical reader. On the
whole the book is one which we can heartily recommend to
American purchasers.”

+ + Engin. N. 56: 52. Jl. 12, ’06. 480w.

“A book which will do much, it is probable, to make the layman
take a more intelligent interest in this the latest and most striking
development of the skill of the mechanical engineer.”

+ + Nature. 75: 53. N. 15, ’06. 380w.

N. Y. Times. 11: 443. Jl. 7, ’06. 270w.

Garrett, John Henry. Idyllic Avon: being a simple description of

the Avon from Tewkesbury to above Stratford-on-Avon; with
songs and pictures of the river and its neighborhood. **$3.
Putnam.
 A fifty mile pilgrimage which the author and some companions
made up Shakespeare’s Avon. “With songs and anecdotes and
riverside pictures, John Henry Garrett has written a half-personal,
half-historical volume to show that the Avon has other
personalities than that of Shakespeare, other towns of interest than
Stratford.” (N. Y. Times.)

“It is pathetic that a man who can make such good pictures and
write pretty good prose should be tempted into making such very
bad verse.” Anna Benneson McMahan.

+ + – Dial. 41: 201. O. 1, ’06. 180w.

“Will be a valuable guide for anyone who wishes to follow his
steps.”

+ Ind. 61: 638. S. 13, ’06. 160w.

“Is one of the most thorough of its kind.”

+ Nation. 83: 349. O. 25, ’06. 280w.

“All in all, he has written a delightful book—anecdotal, historic,
poetic, and especially personal and intimate.”

+ + N. Y. Times. 11: 656. O. 6, ’06. 490w.

+ R. of Rs. 34: 382. S. ’06. 30w.
“We hear about the history, about the antiquities of the country,
about its natural beauties, about the inhabitants and their manners
and customs, and hear it in such a way and in such proportions
that we are never tired. It is not a book to criticise; it is one to
enjoy.”

+ + Spec. 97: 338. S. 8, ’06. 310w.

Garriott, E. B. Long-range weather forecasts. U. S. Dept. of

Agriculture.
 “The bulletin is a formal denunciation on the part of the
Government’s meteorological bureau, of weather forecasters and
forecasts that pretend to describe the main features of the weather
for long periods ahead: periods much longer than those covered by
the geographical progression of storms, floods, cold waves, and the
like across the corresponding areas of observation.”—Engin. N.

“The bulletin may serve many an engineer as an interesting bit of

reading for hours of relaxation.”

+ Engin. N. 53: 532. My. 18, ’06. 330w.

Garrison, William Lloyd. Words of Garrison. **$1.25. Houghton.

Am. Hist. R. 11: 480. Ja. ’06. 160w.

“With what Garrison said and with what he did, admirably
summarized, the reader is now provided with something worthy of
the name of ‘A reformer’s handbook.’” M. A. De Wolfe Howe.

+ Atlan. 97: 116. Ja. ’06. 170w.

“It is impossible to believe that a richer selection could not have
been compiled, even if also this were attained partly by omission of
what is here presented.”

+ – Ind. 59: 1344. D. 7, ’05. 280w.

Gasiorowski, Waclaw. Napoleon’s love story; tr. by the Count de

Soissons. $1.50. Dutton.
The romantic relations between Madame Walewska and
Napoleon furnish the subject for this novel, written by a follower,
of the school of Sienkiewicz. “The scenes are in Warsaw, Vienna,
Paris. The plot shows how the Polish patriots sought to use the
emperor’s interest in Mary for their own ends, and for those ends
inspired in a noble and tender girl a sort of sacrificial fire—a
sacrificial fire which was transfigured in due time to something
quite different.” (N. Y. Times.) “The central, all-compelling figure
of the book is Napoleon; whether present or absent he is the
determining force, the master-spirit in whom everyone is merged.”
(Acad.)

“We have read every word of the story with the greatest pleasure
and interest.”

+ Acad. 69: 686. Jl. 1, ’05. 530w.

“The translation is well done, but for a certain spasmodic
method of conversation and a few slips of idiom.”

+ – Ath. 1905, 2: 42. Jl. 8. 230w.

“This romance is chiefly remarkable for its length, caused by a
remorseless spinning out of dialogue and elaboration of descriptive
detail.” Wm. M. Payne.

+ Dial. 40: 153. Mr. 1, ’06. 150w.

Ind. 61: 522. Ag. 30, ’06. 330w.
Nation. 82: 117. F. 8, ’06. 70w.
“Even a translation rendered utterly inadequate by a purely
mechanical knowledge of the English tongue fails to conceal the
fine skill and dramatic power of the author and the romantic and
human interest of the story.”

+ – N. Y. Times. 11: 30. Ja. 20, ’06. 430w.

“It is too long and treats of an unpleasant theme ... but it is a
strong piece of work, with passages of rare dramatic power and
some fine characterizations.”

+ – Outlook. 82: 276. F. 3, ’06. 180w.

+ R. of Rs. 33: 767. Je. 16, ’06. 60w.
“The novel is very long-winded, full of somewhat tedious
conversations: the dialogues translated do not run at all easily, and
for an understanding of the intrigues which surround the heroine a
 knowledge of Polish politics is required which few Englishmen
possess.”

+ – Sat. R. 100: 251. Ag. 19, ’05. 410w.

“M. Gasiorowski, in short, has shown delicacy as well as power in
his treatment of a difficult theme.”

+ Spec. 95: 359. S. 9, ’05. 820w.

Gaskell, Mrs. Elizabeth Cleghorn (Stevenson). Works of Mrs.

Gaskell. 8v. ea. $1.50. Putnam.
There will be eight volumes to complete the “Knutsford edition”
of Mrs. Gaskell’s works. The old favorites are being recast in
modern book form and the preparation is in progress under the
editorial supervision of Dr. Adolphus W. Ward, Master of
Peterhouse, Cambridge, who contributes a general introduction to
the issue and a special one to each volume based upon material of
important biographical and critical interest. The volumes are as
follows, “Mary Barton;” “Cranford;” “Ruth;” “North and South;”
“My Lady Ludlow;” “Sylvia’s lovers;” “Cousin Phyllis;” “A dark
night’s work;” etc.; and “Wives and daughters.”

+ Ath. 1906, 2: 300. S. 15. 300w.

+ Ath. 1906, 2: 334. S. 22. 100w.
“The ‘Knutsford edition’ of the works of Mrs. Gaskell, to which
we had looked forward eagerly, is, it must be confessed something
of a disappointment. The paper is so thin that the print shows
through from one side to another. ‘The Life of Charlotte Bronte’ is
omitted ... the introductions, though breathing a very sympathetic
spirit of admiration, contain little that we did not know already.”

– Lond. Times. 5: 312. S. 14, ’06. 2630w.

“This attractive edition, is substantial and tasteful without being
too elaborate.”
 + Outlook. 84: 683. N. 17, ’06. 170w.
+ Sat. R. 102: sup. 10. O. 13, ’06. 150w.
“The ‘Knutsford edition,’ well printed and in convenient-shaped
volumes, will prove a real godsend both to those who have not read
Mrs. Gaskell, and to the older generation who are anxious to revive
their memories of her pure and admirable style.”

+ + Spec. 97: 437. S. 29, ’06. 1650w.

Gaskell, Mrs. Elizabeth Cleghorn (Stevenson). Cranford; ed.

with an introd. and annotations by William E. Simonds. 30c.
Ginn.
A student’s edition of “Cranford” prepared for college entrance
purposes.

Gasquet, Rt. Rev. Francis A. Henry the Third and the church.
*$4. Macmillan.
“Dr. Gasquet shows a wide acquaintance with the sources for this
period, and seldom makes serious mistakes, but there is evidence
here and there that he has hardly concerned himself sufficiently
with the criticism of the authorities which he had used, while there
are also to be found some indications either of unfamiliarity with
the details of thirteenth-century history or of carelessness in
passing his book through the press.” T. F. Tout.

+ + – Eng. Hist. R. 21: 780. O. ’06. 1000w.

Gates, Eleanor (Mrs. Richard Walton Tully). Plow-woman.

†$1.50. McClure.
“Two girls with their crippled father come up from Texas to
settle on a ‘section’ in Dakota. One, the plow-woman has to be the
man of the family, and her strong body and brave, steadfast spirit
carry her nobly through many hardships. The evil intrigues of the
man who asserted a prior claim to their section, the dangerous
 outbreak of Indian captives from the near-by fort, the menace of
disorderly ‘Shanty town’ filled with camp followers, all combine to
prevent anything like monotony in the active lives of three
Lancasters.”—Outlook.

“Ingenuity is one of the author’s conspicuous endowments.

Situation after situation keeps interest expectant up to the last. No
less is her skill in definition of character, although here and there a
bit may be judged out of drawing.”

+ + – Nation. 83: 374, N. 1, ’06. 450w.

N. Y. Times. 11: 674. O. 13, ’06. 150w.
N. Y. Times. 11: 797. D. 1, ’06. 180w.
“Altogether the varied group of men and women, the graphic
descriptions of scenery and conditions in the West, indicate the
unusual powers of the author, and her wisdom in writing about
what she knows so well.”

+ + Outlook. 84: 583. N. 3, ’06. 210w.

Gates, Errett. Disciples of Christ. **$1. Baker.

“This is the first adequate statement of the history of the
Disciples of Christ since the Memoirs of Alexander Campbell,
published in 1868. Will be counted a distinct contribution, not
merely to the understanding of the Disciples of Christ, but of the
religious life of America as well.” E. S. Ames.

+ + Am. J. Theol. 10: 361. Ap. ’06. 330w.

“This is the first real history of this religious body. It is written in
a clear style, with impartial judgment.”

+ + Bib. World. 27: 320. Ap. ’06. 60w.

+ Outlook. 81: 939. D. 16, ’05. 80w.
R. of Rs. 33: 509. Ap. ’06. 90w.
Gates, Mrs. Josephine (Scribner). Little Red, white and blue; il.
by Virginia Keep. †$1.25. Bobbs.
The author of the “Live dolls” series has offered in this story
book for children a delightful sketch of an army captain’s child.
Her babyhood loyalty to the stars and stripes furnishes a bright
lesson in patriotism.

Gates, Mrs. Josephine (Scribner). Live dolls’ house party; il. by

Virginia Keep. †$1.25. Bobbs.
In continuation of the “Live dolls” doings Mrs. Gates tells of a
doll’s house party in the little town of Dollville, the hostess being
the queen of the dolls. A pretty story, prettily told, with enough of
doll romance to satisfy the most imaginative child.

Gaussen, Alice C. C. Woman of wit and wisdom: a memoir of

Elizabeth Carter, one of the “Bas-bleu” society. *$3. Dutton.
All those who care to know more of eighteenth-century literature
and life in England will be interested in this sketch of the long and
uneventful life of the scholar, linguist, and translator of Epictetus.
“It has been made chiefly through the unpublished letters and
papers possessed by members of the family today and by the Carter
institute at Deal where Elizabeth Carter lived. Johnson, Fanny
Burney and Richardson appear in these pages.... Poulteney was
another friend of hers.” (Sat. R.)

“Miss Gaussen’s book is disappointing: her narrative is so

desultory and broken that we have found it difficult to derive a
clear impression of the central figure.”

– Acad. 70: 496. My. 26, ’06. 660w.

“Miss Gaussen has made little of excellent material.”

+ – – Ath. 1906, 1: 442. Ap. 14. 920w.

Reviewed by J. H. Lobban.
 Blackwood’s M. 180: 462. O. ’06. 4110w.
“Her volume is handy and attractive and shows evidence of zeal
and industry.”

+ Dial. 41: 168. S. 16, ’06. 470w.

+ Lond. Times. 5: 141. Ap. 20, ’06. 960w.
“Rather a flimsy volume.”

– Nation. 83: 141. Ag. 16, ’06. 830w.

“Is an easy and pleasant sketch. On the whole the memoir is well
worth reading.”

+ Sat. R. 101: 730. Je. 9, ’06. 240w.

Gauthiers-Villars, Henry, and Tremisot, G. Enchanted

automobile; tr. from the French by Mary J. Safford. $1. Page.
In this addition to the “Roses of Saint Elizabeth series,” is told
the story of Coco and Touton, the twin boy and girl of King Crystal
IX of Bohemia, who lived a long time ago in the days of the fairies.
The twins were ignorant little things and hated study until one day
they went out into the world in the enchanter Merlin’s wonderful
automobile and there they met many interesting people and
learned the true value of work.

N. Y. Times. 11: 895. D. 22, ’06. 60w.

Gautier, Theophile. Russia, by Theophile Gautier, and by other

distinguished French travelers and writers of note; tr. from the
French, with an additional chapter upon the struggle for
supremacy in the Far East, by Florence MacIntyre Tyson. 2v.
**$5. Winston.
“In general, it may be said that it stands the test of time
wonderfully well.”
 + + – Nation. 82: 102. F. 1, ’06. 1350w.
N. Y. Times. 11: 82. F. 10, ’06. 310w.
+ R. of Rs. 33: 113. Ja. ’06. 100w.

Gaye, R. K. Platonic conception of immortality and its connexion

with the theory of ideas. *$1.50. Macmillan.

+ – Quarterly R. 204: 63. Ja. ’06. 190w.

+ + Spec. 97: 23. Jl. 7, ’06. 110w.

Gayley, Charles Mills, and Young, Clement C. Principles and

progress in English poetry. $1.10. Macmillan.
“Everything may be readily pronounced excellent; many of the
ideas stated or implied are debatable ... but everything is well and
carefully done. It is a book that any student of literature will find
useful.” Edward E. Hale, jr.

+ + – Bookm. 23: 102. Mr. ’06. 1110w.

Geffroy, Gustave. National gallery (London); with an introd. by

Sir Walter Armstrong. ¼ vel. *$10. Warne.
“Is a book of intelligent and pleasant talk. Printed in handier
form and with better illustrations, ... it would make a first-rate
popular guide; but under the circumstances it is unlikely to deprive
Mr. Edward T. Cook’s well-known volume of its vogue.” Royal
Cortissoz.

+ – Atlan. 97: 282. F. ’06. 60w.

“(His) method has the merit of keeping the text within
reasonable limits ... but it does not bring the collection vividly
before one and fails to give a measure of the extraordinary variety
of the old masters brought together in this particular one of
London’s museums.” Charles de Kay.
 + – N. Y. Times. 11: 325. My. 19, ’06. 1390w.
“M. Geffroy’s brief introduction is pleasant and unpretentious,
and marked with knowledge and good sense. A handy book of
reference.”

+ + Sat. R. 102: 553. N. 3, ’06. 80w.

Geiermann, Rev. P. Manual of theology for the laity: being a brief,

clear and systematic exposition of the reason and authority of
religion and a practical guide-book for all of good-will. *60c.
Benziger.
The plan followed in this volume is first, to investigate the
fundamental ideas of religion as proposed by reason and history;
second, to study the revealed religion both in its supernatural
truths and in its divinely ordained practice; and third, to show how
the true religion of to-day logically follows from these two
premises.

Geikie, James. Structural and field geology for students of pure

and applied science. *$4. Van Nostrand.
“The different chapters seem of unequal value.”

+ – Nation. 82: 260. Mr. 29, ’06. 160w.

Geil, William Edgar. Yankee in pigmy land. **$1.50. Dodd.

In his bright, fully illustrated narrative of a journey across Africa
from Mombasa through the great pigmy forest to Banana, Mr. Geil
touches mainly upon the lion hunters, the sleeping sickness and its
victims, the lost caravan, nights alone with savages, the greatest
wild-game region of the earth, The Congo rule, the work of
missionaries including a biographical sketch of Bishop Tucker, and
the “Land of laughter” itself with its tiny inhabitants and their
simple life.
 “Both text and pictures are tremendously realistic, and, to be
frank, excite both disgust and pity.”

+ – Critic. 48: 477. My. ’06. 250w.

“The real value of his journey lies in his account of the home and
habits of the little brown Tom Thumbs of the great Pigmy forest.”
H. E. Coblentz.

+ – Dial. 40: 233. Ap. 1, ’06. 380w.

+ Ind. 60: 874. Ap. 12, ’06. 120w.
“A narrative that never flags, dealing in a fresh way even with the
homes of which much has already been said by others.”

+ Lit. D. 32: 254. F. 17, ’06. 130w.

“The humor in which he indulges in his narrative is carried too
far and becomes wearisome.”

+ – Nation. 81: 525. D. 28, ’05. 380w.

George, Henry, jr. Menace of privilege: a study of the dangers to

the republic from the existence of a favored class. **$1.50.
Macmillan.
The author “begins with the assertion that ours is a land of
inequality, and, proceeding to an analysis of that inequality, he
distinguishes between various types of ‘princes of privilege.’ A
somewhat pessimistic chapter describes the physical, mental and
moral deterioration of the masses. Mr. George devotes a chapter to
the danger of unionism, and several chapters to what he calls
weapons of privilege, chiefly the use of the courts, and corruption
in politics. The proposed remedy of all these inequalities and
wrongs, as one would naturally infer from Mr. George’s well-
known predilections, is to be found in the single tax.”—R. of Rs.

“The book is clear in presentation and logical arrangement. It is

a valuable contribution to the study of our social and industrial
problems—a book of unusual merit and interest.” Scott E. W.
Bedford.

+ + – Am. J. Soc. 11: 851. My. ’06. 490w.

“One need not agree with all the conclusions of the author to
profit by his arguments. The volume deserves careful study.”

+ + – Ann. Am. Acad. 27: 418. Mr. ’06. 300w.

“No more important work dealing with the grave problems that
confront the American republic to-day has appeared in months
than Mr. George’s strong, clear and logical work.”

+ + Arena. 35: 438. Ap. ’06. 4700w.

“In the analysis of social conditions, it is not a whit in advance of
‘Progress and poverty.’” Winthrop More Daniels.

– Atlan. 97: 844. Je. ’06. 460w.

“Mr. George’s book is to be chiefly condemned, not because it is
essentially an aggregation of all sorts of material, largely gathered
from newspapers and magazines, but because this miscellaneous
stuff has been arrayed and employed, with no little rhetorical skill
and dexterity, to simulate an honest investigation and a
comprehensive discussion of the great questions with which the
author professes to deal.” R. W. Raymond.

– – Cassier’s M. 29: 510. Ap. ’06. 2680w.

“It is a challenge clothed with dignity, as well as a plan of reform
that is not devoid of charm. If the work may serve to awaken the
public seriously to the tendencies which are so fraught with danger,
one will readily pardon the faults of logic and exaggerated
inferences which it contains.”

+ – Cath. World. 83: 829. S. ’06. 700w.

“This is an able, sincere and elaborate indictment of modern
society, resting fundamentally on the highly questionable assertion
that the rich are getting richer and the poor are getting poorer.”
 + – Critic. 48: 378. Ap. ’06. 350w.
Reviewed by Charles Richmond Henderson.

+ – Dial. 40: 297. My. 1, ’06. 230w.

Engin. N. 55: 317. Mr. 15, ’06. 890w.
+ – Ind. 60: 1047. My. 3, ’06. 340w.
“In detail, his pages contain little or nothing that will be new to
the careful observer of prevailing conditions, or the student of
contemporary magazines and newspapers from which he has
derived most of his abundant illustrative material.”

+ – Lit. D. 32: 733. My. 12, ’06. 610w.

“In developing his thesis, Mr. George has given us a book of first-
rate interest and importance. It is written forcefully and brilliantly,
and, merely as good reading, it will take a high place in the
literature of economic and political discussion. As a picture of
present-day conditions it is a remarkable piece of description and
analysis.” Franklin H. Giddings.

+ + N. Y. Times. 11: 61. F. 3, ’06. 1990w.

“The style is excellent, the spirit earnest, the

+ – Outlook. 82: 760. Mr. 31, ’06. 980w.

R. of Rs. 33: 255. F. ’06. 130w.

Geronimo (Apache chief). Geronimo’s story of his life; taken

down and edited by S. M. Barrett. **$1.50. Duffield.
The atmosphere of legend and incident pervades this story of
Geronimo, the seventy-seven-year old Apache chief. He begins his
story with the account of the origin of the Apaches. “One finds in
these grandiose legends traces of the familiar mythical
cosmogonies of the East, and it might be of advantage if scholars
gave them more attention.” Geronimo’s object in telling his life
story is to secure freedom and justice for his people.
 “The narrative of the fierce old chief’s bloody career in his
struggle with the invading whites is a moving one, and is as full of
exciting and picturesque incident as any of Cooper’s novels. It is
told with that wealth of imagery for which the Indian is noted.”

+ Lit. D. 33: 645. N. 3, ’06. 240w.

“His story is simple, straight-forward, and interesting, and
should find a large number of readers.”

+ N. Y. Times. 11: 750. N. 17, ’06. 600w.

“It goes without saying that the old chief has an interesting
autobiography, and the work is further important as giving the
Indian side of a long and notable controversy with our
government.”

+ R. of Rs. 34: 756. D. ’06. 120w.

Gerould, Gordon Hall. Sir Guy of Warwick. $1. Rand.

“A fine old story of knighthood, recast and retold in plain
modern English for those who find the ancient romances archaic
and stilted to read.”—Outlook.

+ Critic. 48: 92. Ja. ’06. 70w.

+ Outlook. 80: 936. Ag. 12, ’05. 20w.

Gerstacker, Friedrich Wilhelm Christian. Germelshausen; tr.

from the German by Clara M. Lathrop. *50c. Crowell.
In this quaint little German classic, which has been excellently
translated, a young artist in the course of his wanderings in the
forest, comes upon a beautiful girl who is waiting on the highway
for a lover who never comes. She leads him into her village where
he sups, dances, and falls in love with her. But just before midnight
she takes him into the outskirts of the town and leaves him,—until
the hour shall strike. Then, when it is too late, he discovers that the
village was Germelshausen, which lies forever sunk in the swamp
 save for one day in a hundred years when it comes to life, and this
was the day, the village has sunk again, and Gertrude is lost to him
forever.

Gettemy, Charles Ferris. True story of Paul Revere. **$1.50.

Little.
Reviewed by M. A. De Wolfe Howe.

+ Atlan. 97: 112. Ja. ’06. 200w.

“The book is a fine example of acute historical criticism, not
cynically applied to overthrowing the basis for a healthy patriotic
sentiment, but good naturedly correcting the facts, while leaving
the sentiment intact.”

+ Ind. 40: 929. Ap. 19, ’06. 390w.

“Mr. Gettemy’s reserved but commendable study does not probe
deep, but it is truthful and scrupulous in its intent. He has not,
however, over-stated his indebtedness to E. H. Goss’s previous
work.”

+ – Nation. 83: 124. Ag. 9, ’06. 1300w.

Gibbon, Perceval. Vrouw Grobelaar and her leading cases. †$1.50.

McClure.
In this new volume of tales the author “deals with the back-world
of Boer superstition, the kind of story we may believe to be told
round winter fires on lonely farms. The Vrouw Grobelaar, the
narrator, will capture the affections of every reader with her
shrewd common sense, her sharp tongue and trenchant philosophy
of life.... The tales themselves range over every variety of subject,
from the idyllic to the purely horrible.” (Spec.) The collection
includes The king of the baboons, Piet Naude’s trek, The sacrifice,
Vasco’s sweetheart, Avenger of blood. A good end, Her own story.
 “His English is as plain as the English of the Bible, and the Boer
men are like the men of the Old Testament.”

+ Acad. 69: 126. D. 2, ’05, 310w.

+ Ath. 1905, 2: 832. D. 16. 1030w.
“On the whole ‘Vrouw Grobelaar’ presents the most gripping and
vision-enlarging group of stories since Kipling’s ‘Plain tales from
the hills.’”

+ Lit. D. 32: 734. My. 12, ’06. 530w.

“Some transplantations and an occasional forgetfulness to make
the old narrator speak in character are not a serious detraction
from the attraction of the stories. They are deftly woven together;
and the humour of the vrouw and the liveliness of her little circle
qualify their love of horror.”

+ Lond. Times. 4: 433. D. 8, ’05. 460w.

“In ‘Vrouw Grobelaar’ lies waiting a genuine sensation for the
lover of short Stories. Unless the reviewer is at fault, they will recall
to the reader the hour wherein he tasted his first Maupassant, and
that other hour when the new Kipling swam into his ken.”

+ Nation. 82: 183. Mr. 1, ’06. 480w.

“In the light they throw upon a unique people, the Vrouw
Grobelaar’s leading cases are worthy of careful reading. They are
full of informing hints as to the Dutch of the Transvaal, their
attitude towards the Kafirs, their mingled superstitions and piety,
their courage and obstinacy.”

+ N. Y. Times. 11: 111. F. 24, ’06. 350w.

– + R. of Rs. 33: 756. Je. ’06. 90w.
“The Leading cases which long observation of her would have
supplied as guides to conduct cover most sides of South African
life.”

+ Sat. R. 100: 785. D. 16, ’05. 280w.

 “Altogether, it is a collection to be heartily commended, for to
most readers it will open up a new world, and the style and method
are those of a true artist in fiction.”

+ Spec. 96: 152. Ja. 27, ’06. 260w.

Gibson, Charles. Among French inns: the story of a pilgrimage to

characteristic spots of rural France. **$1.60. Page.
“The guide-book information with which the story is interrupted,
is generally sound.”

+ – Nation. 82: 10. Ja. 4, ’06. 140w.

“A substantial volume which might well serve as a guide to
travelers eager to get off the beaten tracks and to see France in its
most characteristic features; and is also a very readable and
interesting volume.”

+ Outlook. 82: 45. Ja. 6, ’06. 180w.

+ Spec. 96: 795. My. 19, ’06. 280w.

Gibson, Charles Dana. Our neighbors. **$4.20. Scribner.

“The present volume is a worthy companion to those that have
preceded it.”

+ Int. Studio. 27: 279. Ja. ’06. 160w.

Gibson, Charlotte Chaffee. In eastern wonderlands. † $1.50.

Little.
What all writers who know the east are doing for a grown-up
world to-day the author has tried to do for little people, she has
helped them to an understanding of what is to be found nowadays
in eastern lands by describing a real trip around the world as taken
by three real children. She has deftly blended those things which
interest with those things which instruct, and has illustrated her
account with photographs, until Japan, China, Ceylon, India, the
 Red sea and Egypt lose their vague outlines and become as familiar
to her little readers as they did to Alice, Fred and Charlotte who
saw them all.

Gifford, Mrs. Augusta Hale. Italy, her people and their story.
**$1.40. Lothrop.
A popular history of the beginning, rise, development, and
progress of Italy from the time of Romulus down to the reign of
Victor Emanuel III.

“The history is given with considerable attention to details and

altogether the volume is of exceptional value, both from its
historical accuracy and its popular style.”

+ + Dial. 40: 156. Mr. 1, ’06. 530w.

“It has little of the literary distinction of the other, pays
inadequate regard to the dignity of historical writing, and is not
always as critical as could be desired. Nevertheless, it, too, conveys
much substantial information in respect to the past and present of
the Sunny Peninsula and its vein is ... decidedly entertaining.”

+ – Lit. D. 32: 171. F. 3, ’06. 160w.

“A readable volume. In the latter part, written in Italy and under
the direct influence of contemporaneous conditions, she very often
succeeds in giving us observations and impressions which bring
her narrative to a commendable, authoritative, and vital end.”

+ N. Y. Times. 11: 114. F. 24, ’06. 540w.

“This volume may find popular acceptance. As a discriminating
writer, however, the author is open to criticism.”

+ – Outlook. 81: 577. N. 4, ’05. 90w.

“For the person who has not time to take up history in a
professional way and who wishes to get a fairly comprehensive idea
of the Italian situation, Mrs. Gifford’s book will be a valuable
auxiliary.”
 + Pub. Opin. 40: 410. Mr. 31, ’06. 220w.
“A well-sustained, complete history of Italy.”

+ R. of Rs. 33: 120. Ja. ’06. 90w.

Gilbert, Charles Benajah. School and its life. $1.25. Silver.

“This volume, the fruit of wide experience both as a teacher and
school superintendent, deals with life rather than the mechanism
of schools. It conceives of teaching as a spiritual process, of
education as the wholesome development and adaptation of life to
its environment, and finds the conditions of successful teaching in
conforming to the common laws of life and growth. Its aim is to
secure to children the educative influence of a natural, sane, and
wholesome school life as a part of the larger world-life. Its
successive chapters discuss the vital problems arising in the
management and organization of schools and school systems.”—
Outlook.

“A sane, practical, and comprehensive work on school

management.”

+ Bookm. 24: 73. S. ’06. 280w.

Ind. 61: 262. Ag. 2, ’06. 40w.
+ Outlook. 83: 816. Ag. 4, ’06. 150w.
R. of Rs. 34: 384. S. ’06. 90w.

Gilbert, Rosa Mulholland (Lady John Thomas Gilbert). Life

of Sir John T. Gilbert. $5. Longmans.
Lord Gilbert’s unusually fortunate career is felicitously sketched
by his wife. “Copious correspondence, embracing letters from
scholars, historians, archæologists, Irish Franciscans in Rome and
in Portugal, noblemen, and public officials enliven the narrative,
and, incidentally, bear witness to the conscientious, painstaking
method of the historian.... The curtain that screens the sanctities of
 domestic life is drawn aside just enough to give us a glimpse of the
fine, noble, sunny gentleman, an earnest Catholic, of high culture
and simple tastes, ambitious only of a competence sufficient to
guarantee him the opportunity to prosecute his work of study and
composition, which he loved, not for the fame that it brought him,
but for itself.” (Cath. World.)

“Well-written and delicate panegyric of a notable man.”

+ Ath. 1905, 2: 859. D. 23. 1160w.

“Lady Gilbert has discharged her task with excellent taste.”

+ Cath. World. 83: 402. Je. ’06. 660w.

“His widow, besides giving some account of her husband’s
career, prints copious selections from his correspondence, with the
object of illustrating the character of his work, and the interest of
his ‘unusual and many-sided personality.’ We do not think Lady
Gilbert has been very successful in achieving this object.”

– + Eng. Hist. R. 21: 623. Jl. ’06. 260w.

+ – N. Y. Times. 11: 532. S. 1, ’06. 590w.
“We have never taken up a ‘life’ so distended by trivial and
ephemeral letters.”

– Sat. R. 101: 730. Je. 9, ’06. 230w.

“The facts are here, but they should have been put together for
readers who will not, and indeed cannot, search for them. We see
the pictures of a single-minded-worker, but have but a vague idea
of what he actually did.”

– + Spec. 96: 387. Mr. 10, ’06. 350w.

Gilder, Richard Watson. Book of music: poems. **$1. Century.

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