Experiment 1

Aim: Understanding Vectors, Matrices, and solving problems in Python. Creation of a Vector in
Python
Python NumPy module is used to create a vector. We use numpy.array() method to create a one-
dimensional array i.e. a vector.
Syntax:
numpy.array(list)
Example 1: Horizontal Vector
import numpy as np
lst = [10,20,30,40,50]
vctr = np.array(lst)
vctr = np.array(lst)
print("Vector created from a list:")
print(vctr)
Output:
Vector created from a list:
[10 20 30 40 50]
Example 2: Vertical Vector
import numpy as np
lst = [[2],
[4],
[6],
[10]]
vctr = np.array(lst)
vctr = np.array(lst)
print("Vector created from a list:")
print(vctr)
Output:
Vector created from a list:
[[ 2]
[ 4]
[ 6]
[10]]
Basic Operations on a Python Vector
Having created a Vector, now let us perform some basic operations on these Vectors now!
Here is a list of the basic operations that can be performed on a Vector–
● Addition
● Subtraction
● Multiplication
● Division
● Dot Product, etc.
1. Performing addition operation on a Python Vector
import numpy as np
lst1 = [10,20,30,40,50]
lst2 = [1,2,3,4,5]
vctr1 = np.array(lst1)
vctr2= np.array(lst2)
print("Vector created from a list 1:")
print(vctr1)
print("Vector created from a list 2:")
print(vctr2)
vctr_add = vctr1+vctr2
print("Addition of two vectors: ",vctr_add)
Output:
Vector created from a list 1:
[10 20 30 40 50]
Vector created from a list 2:
[1 2 3 4 5]
Addition of two vectors: [11 22 33 44 55]
2. Performing Subtraction of two vectors
import numpy as np
lst1 = [10,20,30,40,50]
lst2 = [1,2,3,4,5]
vctr1 = np.array(lst1)
vctr2= np.array(lst2)
print("Vector created from a list 1:")
print(vctr1)
print("Vector created from a list 2:")
print(vctr2)
vctr_sub = vctr1-vctr2
print("Subtraction of two vectors: ",vctr_sub)
Output:
Vector created from a list 1:
[10 20 30 40 50]
Vector created from a list 2:
[1 2 3 4 5]
Subtraction of two vectors: [ 9 18 27 36 45]
3. Performing multiplication of two vectors
import numpy as np
lst1 = [10,20,30,40,50]
lst2 = [1,2,3,4,5]
vctr1 = np.array(lst1)
vctr2= np.array(lst2)
print("Vector created from a list 1:")
print(vctr1)
print("Vector created from a list 2:")
print(vctr2)
vctr_mul = vctr1*vctr2
print("Multiplication of two vectors: ",vctr_mul)
Output:
Vector created from a list 1:
[10 20 30 40 50]
Vector created from a list 2:
[1 2 3 4 5]
Multiplication of two vectors: [ 10 40 90 160 250]
4. Performing Vector division operation
import numpy as np
lst1 = [10,20,30,40,50]
lst2 = [10,20,30,40,50]
vctr1 = np.array(lst1)
vctr2= np.array(lst2)
print("Vector created from a list 1:")
print(vctr1)
print("Vector created from a list 2:")
print(vctr2)
vctr_div = vctr1/vctr2
print("Division of two vectors: ",vctr_div)
Output:
Vector created from a list 1:
[10 20 30 40 50]
Vector created from a list 2:
[10 20 30 40 50]
Multiplication of two vectors: [ 1 1 1 1 1 ]
5. Vector Dot Product
In a vector dot product, we perform the summation of the product of the two vectors in an element-
wise fashion.
Let us have a look at the below.
vector c = x . y = (x1 * y1 + x2 * y2)
Example:
import numpy as np
lst1 = [10,20,30,40,50]
lst2 = [1,1,1,1,1]
vctr1 = np.array(lst1)
vctr2= np.array(lst2)
print("Vector created from a list 1:")
print(vctr1)
print("Vector created from a list 2:")
print(vctr2)
vctr_dot = vctr1.dot(vctr2)
print("Dot product of two vectors: ",vctr_dot)
Output:
Vector created from a list 1:
[10 20 30 40 50]
Vector created from a list 2:
[1 1 1 1 1]
Dot product of two vectors: 150
Matrix Operations in Python
Create Matrix in NumPy
In NumPy, we use the np.array() function to create a matrix. For example,
import numpy as np
# create a 2x2 matrix
matrix1 = np.array([[1, 3],
[5, 7]])

print("2x2 Matrix:\n",matrix1)
# create a 3x3 matrix
matrix2 = np.array([[2, 3, 5],
[7, 14, 21],
[1, 3, 5]])

print("\n3x3 Matrix:\n",matrix2)
Output
2x2 Matrix:
[[1 3]
[5 7]]
3x3 Matrix:
[[ 2 3 5]
[ 7 14 21]
[ 1 3 5]]
Perform Matrix Multiplication in NumPy
We use the np.dot() function to perform multiplication between two matrices.
Let's see an example.
import numpy as np
# create two matrices
matrix1 = np.array([[1, 3],
[5, 7]])
matrix2 = np.array([[2, 6],
[4, 8]])
# calculate the dot product of the two matrices
result = np.dot(matrix1, matrix2)
print("matrix1 x matrix2: \n",result)
Output
matrix1 x matrix2:
[[14 30]
[38 86]]
Transpose NumPy Matrix
The transpose of a matrix is a new matrix that is obtained by exchanging the rows and columns. For
2x2 matrix,
Matrix:
a11 a12
a21 a22
Transposed Matrix:
a11 a21
a12 a22
In NumPy, we can obtain the transpose of a matrix using the np.transpose() function. For example,
import numpy as np
# create a matrix
matrix1 = np.array([[1, 3],
[5, 7]])
# get transpose of matrix1
result = np.transpose(matrix1)
print(result)
Output
[[1 5]
[3 7]]
Flatten Matrix in NumPy
Flattening a matrix simply means converting a matrix into a 1D array.
To flatten a matrix into a 1-D array we use the array.flatten() function. Let's see an example.
import numpy as np
# create a 2x3 matrix
matrix1 = np.array([[1, 2, 3],
[4, 5, 7]])
result = matrix1.flatten()
print("Flattened 2x3 matrix:", result)
Output
Flattened 2x3 matrix: [1 2 3 4 5 7]