CURRICULUM AND INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS DEVELOPMENT

IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION

Presented by:
ANNAMARIE P. BERNARDO
❖It comes from the word “essential” which means the main things or the
basics. As an educational philosophy, it advocates instilling in students
with the “essentials” or “basics” of academic knowledge and character
development.

❖This is a teacher-centered educational philosophy that emphasizes

learning skills through traditional subjects like reading, writing, math,
and science. In the classroom, Essentialists value a focus on these core
subjects over a wider array of subjects, as they believe students are
able to gain deeper knowledge when exposed to fewer core subjects.

❖Essentialism values traditional teaching methods, such as lectures,

drills, and practice, and promotes a structured, teacher-centered
approach where the teacher serves as the authority and expert in the
classroom.
❖Essentialism is the educational theory and educational
philosophy, whose followers believe that students should
learn traditional basic subjects thoroughly.

❖ Essentialists argue that classrooms should be teacher-

oriented. The teacher should serve as an intellectual and
moral role model for the students.

❖Essentialism believe that there is common core of

knowledge that needs to transmitted to students in a
systematic, disciplined way. The emphasis placed on
intellectual & moral standards that schools should teach
& preparing students to become valuable members of
society.
William C. Bagley (1874 – 1946)
• He was an education
reformist known for
pioneering Essentialism in
America in 1938.
• His publication, the
Essentialist’s Platform,
called for a “strong, common
core curriculum to help
America’s school systems
compete with higher-ranking
countries”.
E. D. Hirsch Jr. • An American educator and
academic, Hirsch promoted the
concept of "cultural literacy," arguing
that there is a specific body of
knowledge essential for students to
be effective in society. He supports a
content-rich curriculum to ensure
students gain a common foundation
of cultural knowledge.
• Founder and chairman “Core
Knowledge Foundation” and
advocate of the “Back to basics
Movement”
Dr. Theodore Sizer • He developed the school reform
movement known as the Essential
Schools movement.
• Sizer (2004) believed that students
needed to master a common core of
information and skills.
• What makes his approach unique is
that he does not tell schools what this
core information is, instead he asked
schools to identify what they consider
to be the core elements of their
curriculum and then restructure their
curriculum to focus on this core.
❑To develop students moral and intellectual
qualities.
❑Purpose of schools is both to preserve the
knowledge and values of the past.
❑Provide children with the skills essential to live a
successful and meaningful lives in present society.
❑The purpose of the school is to prepare students
for their roles in the society.
❑Curriculum focuses on basic skills and traditional
academic content, taught by teachers who expect
and respect for authority and discipline.
❑Teacher must be a master of subject matter & role
model for learners with high level of authority & control
over teaching-learning process & learner.
❑The teacher teaches discipline and hard work.
❑The teacher is an expert of content knowledge.
❑Teaches essential knowledge.
❑Maintains task-oriented focus.
❑The teacher is accountable for student learning.
❑Teach the basic subjects
❑Essentialists believe that these subjects should be
taught thoroughly.
❑ Students should be passive and be ready
to learn what the teacher presents to them.
❑Students should listen and learn.
❑The student is to sit still and take in what
the teacher is teaching.
❑ Essential skills (three Rs – reading, writing, and arithmetic).
❑ Essential subjects (English, science, history, math)
❑ Teacher-centered instruction where the teacher is viewed
as an authority figure who imparts knowledge to students,
guiding them through a set curriculum.
❑ Mastery of basic skill this approach prioritizes mastering
reading, writing, arithmetic, and other fundamental skills. It
aims to ensure that all students attain a high level of
competency in these areas.
❑ Discipline and hard work which it is a strong emphasis on
instilling discipline, diligence, and respect for authority.
Students are expected to work hard, complete assignments,
and master foundational skills.
❑ First is that focusing on core academic subjects such as
Mathematics, Science, English, Filipino, and Araling
Panlipunan (Social Studies), reflecting Essentialism's belief
that there is a set body of knowledge every student must
master.
❑ Next, the teacher centered instruction where the educator
plays the central role in delivering knowledge and guiding
students.
❑ Emphasizing discipline and hard work where in the
Philippine educational system often stresses discipline,
punctuality, and respect for authority, which reflects the
Essentialist goal of shaping students into responsible and
diligent individuals.
❑ Preparation for future roles meaning the educational system aims to
prepare students for future societal roles, whether in the workforce,
higher education, or civic life, by equipping them with foundational
knowledge and skills.
 “Essentialism as a philosophical foundation
for curriculum focuses on teaching a well-
defined body of essential knowledge and
skills, maintaining structured and disciplined
instruction, preserving cultural values, and
preparing students for future roles in
society”.
❑ https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/essentialism-
68486145/68486145

❑ https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED593579

❑ https://kstatelibraries.pressbooks.pub/dellaperezproject/chapter/chap
ter-7-essentialism/
ASSIGNMENT ACTIVITY
Based on our discussion make a one-page reflection
paper about the things you have learned and what is
your insights about the topic.