9

Computer Networks
It is a set of computers that are
connected in a manner that
enables an easy data exchange
and communication.
 Network Categories
1.Local Area Networks (LAN)
Star
Bus TOPOLOGY
Ring
2. Metropolitan Area Network
(MAN)
3. Wide Area Network (WAN)
.
 Local Area Network
This type of networ k is often
p r i v a t e l y - ow n e d a n d m a y
wor k only within the area of
a single-building or a
sc hool.
SWITCH.jpg
How_Network_switch_work
s.webp
..\Pictures\Screenshots\LA
N LAYOUT.png
This type of networ k is often
p r i v a t e l y - ow n e d a n d m a y
wor k only within the area of
a single-building or a
sc hool.
 Topology
It refers t o t he physic al layout
of the networks in whic h devices
are connected.

 Star
Wo r k s t a t i o n s are directly
connected to a central station,
with each station passing
 Topology
 Bus
T h e s t a t i o n s a r e c o n n e c t e d by a
single communication line.
Ring
Eac h station is linked to a
neighboring station using
point-to-point
connections.
 Metropolitan Area Network
It is simply a more
ex p a n s i v e v e r s i o n o f L A N
but uses the similar
t e c h n o l o g y.
 Wide Area Network
Wa n covers a wide
geographical area. It uses
cables or telephone lines
that connect routers.
 Two Types of network configuration

Peer to Peer Client Server

It is best for bigger
It is used if there are networks. Here, a server or
less than 10 computers a central computer acts as
and there’s minimal the storage unit for files
security risk. and application shared and
accessible on the network.
Comparative Summary between Peer to
Peer and Client/Server Networks

Peer-to-Peer Client/Server
 Easy to setup  More difficult to set
 Less Expensive up
 Can be implemented  More Expensive
on a wide range of  A number of
operating systems operating systems can
be supported on
client computers
Comparative Summary between Peer to
Peer and Client/Server Networks

Peer-to-Peer Client/Server
 Time Consuming  Easily and quickly
 Low level security maintained
 Ideal with less than  High level security
10 computers  No limit to the number
 Demands a moderate of computers
skill level in network  Requires a high level
management of IT skills
Networking Devices

Consist of, but are not limited to non-local

printers, workstations, servers, webcams, data
loggers, instruments, dial-in devices, and, in
general anything that requires an Ethernet
connection. These devices are supported on a
best-effort basis limited by the staffing and
equipment level available
Hub is a small, simple, inexpensive
device that joins multiple computers
together. Many network hubs available
today support the Ethernet standard.
Other types including USB hubs also
exist, but Ethernet is the type
traditionally used in home networking.
Ethernet switch is a
device that gathers the
signals from devices that
are connected to it, and
then regenerates a new
copy of each signal.
 Bridge is a device filters
data traffic at a network
boundary. Bridges reduce
the amount of traffic on a
LAN by dividing it into two
segments.
 FILTERING
What-is-a-Network-  FORWARDING
Bridge-Diagram.jpg  BLOCKING
Routers are small
physical devices that
join multiple networks
together.
Network gateway is an
internetworking system capable of
joining together two networks that
use different base protocols. A
network gateway can be
implemented completely in software,
completely in hardware, or as a
combination of both.

network%20gateway.jpg
Modem is a contraction of the terms
modulator and demodulator. Modems
perform a simple function:
They translate digital signals from a
computer into analog signals that can travel
across conventional phone lines. The modem
modulates the signal at the sending end and
demodulates at the receiving end
Network interface is a device that connects a
client computer, server, printer or other
component to your network. Most often, a
network interface consists of a small electronic
circuit board that is inserted into a slot inside a
computer or printer. Alternatively, some
computers, printers, or other services include
network interfaces as part of their main circuit
boards (motherboards).
Network firewall protects a computer
network from unauthorized access. Network
firewalls may be hardware devices,
software programs, or a combination of the
two. Network firewalls guard an internal
computer network (home, school, business
intranet) against malicious access from the
outside. Network firewalls may also be
configured to limit access to the outside
from internal users
Materials, Tools, Equipment
and Testing Devices
 Equipment and Accessories

LAN CARD

It is a network interface card. This is a computer

circuit board or card that is installed in a computer
so that it can be connected to a network.
 Equipment and Accessories

LAN CARD
 Equipment and Accessories

Server

It is a part of a network. It is a special computer that

users on the network can access to carry out a
particular job.
 Equipment and Accessories

Server
 Equipment and Accessories

Port hub /Port

It is a connector on the back of a computer or other

device. A port is either a serial port or a parallel
port.
 Equipment and Accessories

Port hub /Port

 Equipment and Accessories

Scanner

It is an input device that read text or

illustration printed on paper, translates the
information into a form that a computer can use
 Equipment and Accessories

Scanner
 Equipment and Accessories

Printer

It is a piece of hardware that produces a

paper copy (also known as ‘hardcopy’) of the
information generated by the computer.
 Equipment and Accessories

Printer
 Equipment and Accessories

USB

It is a hardware interface for low-speed peripherals

such as the keyboard, mouse, joystick, scanner,
printer and telephony devices.
 Equipment and Accessories

USB
 Equipment and Accessories

Flash Drive

RAM that can retain data without

electrical power. It is widely used for BIOS chips
and for digital camera and digital music storage
 Equipment and Accessories

Flash Drive
 Equipment and Accessories

Flash Drive

RAM that can retain data without

electrical power. It is widely used for BIOS chips
and for digital camera and digital music storage
Materials, Tools, Equipment
and Testing Devices
 Tools

Screwdriver (Flat Head)

It is used to drive or fasten negative slotted screws

 Tools

Flat Head
screwdriver
 Tools

Philips Screwdriver

It is used to drive or fasten positive slotted screws

 Tools

Philips
Screwdriver
 Tools

Long nose pliers

It is used for holding, bending

and stretching the lead of electronics component or
connecting wire.
 Tools

Long nose
pliers
 Tools

Mechanical pliers

Some are used for gripping something round like a

pipe or rod, some are used for twisting wires, and
others are designed to be used for a combination of
tasks, including cutting wire.
 Tools

Mechanical
pliers
 Tools

Allen wrench

used for tightening and loosening hexagonal bolts

and other compatible fasteners.
 Tools

Allen wrench
 Tools

Multitester

an electronic measuring instrument that combines

several measurement functions in one unit.
 Tools

Multitester
 Tools

Crimping tools

A crimping tool is a handy device that allows you to

create secure connections between wires and
connectors
 Tools

Crimping tools
 Tools

Soldering Iron (30 watts)

is used to join two or more metal

conductors with the support of soldering lead
melted around it.
Tools
 Tools

Wire stripper

A wire stripper is a small hand-held tool that is

used to remove the insulation from electric wires.
 Tools

Wire stripper
 Tools

LAN Tester

to measure LAN connections, certify cables, and

troubleshoot any network issues that might arise.
 Tools

LAN TESTER
 Tools

Anti-static wrist strap

An antistatic wrist strap, also known as an ESD

(electrostatic discharge) wrist strap or ground
bracelet, is used to prevent the buildup of static
electricity on a person's body
 Tools

Anti-static
wrist strap
Materials, Tools, Equipment
and Testing Devices
 Tools

Software applications

is a kind of software that performs specific functions

for the end user by interacting directly with it. The
sole purpose of application software is to aid the
user in doing specified tasks.
 Tools

Software
applications
 Tools

RJ45 ( Registered Jack-45)

RJ45 connectors are most commonly used to connect

one internet-enabled device with another network
device
 Tools

RJ45
 Tools

UTP CAT 5 Cable

Cat 5 cables are primarily used for connecting computers on a
Local Area Network (LAN) but can also be used to connect devices
such as modems, routers, game consoles, telephones and even IP
cameras. It is also commonly used in high-performance
applications such as digital video surveillance systems and gigabit
ethernet networks.
 Tools

CAT 5 Cable