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What is Expert System in AI

An Expert System in AI is a computer-based decision-making tool that utilizes facts and heuristics to solve complex problems, mimicking human expertise. It consists of components like a user interface, inference engine, and knowledge base, and offers advantages such as accuracy, permanence, and cost-effectiveness. Expert systems can improve over time using machine learning and can employ methods like forward and backward chaining for information processing.

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15 views5 pages

What is Expert System in AI

An Expert System in AI is a computer-based decision-making tool that utilizes facts and heuristics to solve complex problems, mimicking human expertise. It consists of components like a user interface, inference engine, and knowledge base, and offers advantages such as accuracy, permanence, and cost-effectiveness. Expert systems can improve over time using machine learning and can employ methods like forward and backward chaining for information processing.

Uploaded by

adhiraha20
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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• What is Expert System in AI (Artificial

Intelligence)?
What is Expert System?
Expert System is an interactive and reliable computer-based decision-
making system which uses both facts and heuristics to solve complex
decision-making problems. It is considered at the highest level of human
intelligence and expertise. The purpose of an expert system is to solve the
most complex issues in a specific domain.

Expert Systems in Artificial Intelligence


The Expert System in AI can resolve many issues which generally would
require a human expert. It is based on knowledge acquired from an expert.
Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems are capable of expressing and
reasoning about some domain of knowledge. Expert systems were the
predecessor of the current day artificial intelligence, deep learning and
machine learning systems.

Expert systems that are in use include the following


examples:

• CaDet (Cancer Decision Support Tool) is used to identify cancer


in its earliest stages.

• DENDRAL helps chemists identify unknown organic molecules.

• DXplain is a clinical support system that diagnoses various


diseases.

• MYCIN identifies bacteria such as bacteremia and meningitis, and


recommends antibiotics and dosages.

• PXDES determines the type and severity of lung cancer a person


has.

• R1/XCON is an early manufacturing expert system that


automatically selects and orders computer components based on
customer specifications.
Following are the important Characteristics of Expert System in AI:

• The Highest Level of Expertise: The Expert system in AI offers the


highest level of expertise. It provides efficiency, accuracy and
imaginative problem-solving.

• Right on Time Reaction: An Expert System in Artificial Intelligence


interacts in a very reasonable period of time with the user. The total
time must be less than the time taken by an expert to get the most
accurate solution for the same problem.

• Good Reliability: The Expert system in AI needs to be reliable, and


it must not make any a mistake.

• Flexible: It is vital that it remains flexible as it the is possessed by an


Expert system.

• Effective Mechanism: Expert System in Artificial Intelligence must


have an efficient mechanism to administer the compilation of the
existing knowledge in it.

• Capable of handling challenging decision & problems: An expert


system is capable of handling challenging decision problems and
delivering solutions.
• Components of Expert System

• User Interface
The user interface is the most crucial part of the Expert System Software.
This component takes the user’s query in a readable form and passes it to
the inference engine. After that, it displays the results to the user. In other
words, it’s an interface that helps the user communicate with the expert
system.

• Inference Engine
The inference engine is the brain of the expert system. Inference engine
contains rules to solve a specific problem. It refers the knowledge from the
Knowledge Base. It selects facts and rules to apply when trying to answer
the user’s query. It provides reasoning about the information in the
knowledge base. It also helps in deducting the problem to find the solution.
This component is also helpful for formulating conclusions.
• Knowledge Base
The knowledge base is a repository of facts. It stores all the knowledge
about the problem domain. It is like a large container of knowledge which is
obtained from different experts of a specific field.

Thus we can say that the success of the Expert System Software mainly
depends on the highly accurate and precise knowledge.

• Advantages of expert systems


Expert systems have several benefits over the use of human experts:

• Accuracy. Expert systems are not prone to human error or


emotional influence. They make decisions based on defined rules
and facts.

• Permanence. Human experts eventually leave their role, and a lot


of specific knowledge may go with them. Knowledge-based
systems provide a permanent repository for knowledge and
information.

• Logical deduction. Expert systems draw conclusions from


existing facts using various types of rules, such as if-then rules.

• Cost control. Expert systems are relatively inexpensive


compared to the cost of employing human experts. They can
help reach decisions more efficiently, which saves time and cuts
costs.

• Multiple experts. Multiple experts contribute to an expert


system's knowledge base. This provides more knowledge to draw
from and prevents any one expert from skewing the decision-
making.
• How does an expert system work?

Modern expert knowledge systems use machine learning and artificial


intelligence to simulate the behavior or judgment of domain experts. These
systems can improve their performance over time as they gain more
experience, just as humans do.

The inference engine uses one of two methods for acquiring information
from the knowledge base:

1. Forward chaining reads and processes a set of facts to make a


logical prediction about what will happen next. An example
of forward chaining would be making predictions about the
movement of the stock market.

2. Backward chaining reads and processes a set of facts to reach a


logical conclusion about why something happened. An example
of backward chaining would be examining a set of symptoms to
reach a medical diagnosis.

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