Solution: PQRS is parallelogram

* ∠Q + ∠P = 180° .......... interior angles are supplementary

* 50° + ∠P = 180°

* ∠P = 180° - 50° = 130°

* Now, ∠P = 130° and ∠R = ∠P = 130° opposite angles of

parallelogram

∠
* and Q = 50° and ∠S = ∠Q = 50° opposite angles of
parallelogram
* Similarly, PS = QR and PQ = SR .......... Opposite sides of
parallelogram

* ∴ QR = PS = 5.3 and SR = 3.5

2) Radius of circle is 5 cm.
The length of a chord of circle is 8 cm.
Find the distance of the chord from the center.
Solution:

* Seg OM ⊥ chord PQ
* We know that the perpendicular drawn from the center of
the circle on its chord bisects the chord.

* ∴ PM = MQ = PQ / 2 = 8 / 2 = 4
* Radius of the circle is 5 cm. Means
OQ = 5 cm. given
* In right-angled ΔOMQ, using the Pythagorean theorem:
OM² + MQ² = OQ²
OM² + 4² = 5²
 OM² + 16 = 25
OM² = 25 - 16 = 9 = 3²

∴ OM = √9 = 3
Therefore, the distance of the chord from the center is 3
cm.
3) In the figure Δ PQR is a right-angled triangle.
Write:

* Side opposite to ∠P = QR
* Side opposite to ∠R = PQ

* Side adjacent to ∠P = PQ

* Side adjacent to ∠R = QR
B) Solve any four sub-questions from the following.
1) Find the volume of a sphere having a radius of 21 cm. (π =
22/7)
* Volume of a sphere = (4/3)πr³
* Volume = (4/3) * (22/7) * (21)³
* Volume = (4/3) * (22/7) * (21 * 21 * 21)
* Volume = 4 * 22 * (3 * 21 * 21)
* Volume = 88 * 1323
* Volume = 116424 cm³
2) If sin θ = 4/5, then find cos θ.
* We know that sin²θ + cos²θ = 1
* (4/5)² + cos²θ = 1
* 16/25 + cos²θ = 1
* cos²θ = 1 - 16/25
* cos²θ = (25 - 16)/25
* cos²θ = 9/25
* cos θ = ±√(9/25)
* cos θ = ±3/5
3) Which of the equations given below have graphs parallel
to the x-axis and which ones have graphs parallel to the y-
axis.
* Graphs parallel to the x-axis: Equations of the form y = c
(where c is a constant).
* ii) y - 2 = 0 => y = 2
* iv) y = -5
* Graphs parallel to the y-axis: Equations of the form x = c
(where c is a constant).
* i) x = 3
* iii) x + 6 = 0 => x = -6
4) In the figure, O is the center of the circle and AB = CD. If OP
= 4 cm, find the length of OQ.
* We know that chords equidistant from the center of a
circle are equal in length.
* Given that AB = CD, the chords are equidistant from the
center O.
* The distance of chord AB from the center is OP.
* The distance of chord CD from the center is OQ.
* Therefore, if AB = CD, then OP = OQ.
* Given OP = 4 cm, then OQ = 4 cm.
5) Prove that every rhombus is a parallelogram.
Proof:
Let ABCD be a rhombus. By definition, all sides of a rhombus
are equal.
Therefore, AB = BC = CD = DA.
Consider triangles ΔABC and ΔCDA:
* AB = CD (Sides of a rhombus)
* BC = DA (Sides of a rhombus)
* AC = CA (Common side)

By the SSS (Side-Side-Side) congruence rule, ΔABC ≅ ΔCDA.

Therefore, the corresponding angles are equal:

* ∠BAC = ∠DCA (Alternate interior angles)

* ∠BCA = ∠DAC (Alternate interior angles)

Since ∠BAC = ∠DCA, the lines AB and DC are parallel (as

alternate interior angles are equal).

∠ ∠
Since BCA = DAC, the lines BC and AD are parallel (as
alternate interior angles are equal).
A quadrilateral with both pairs of opposite sides parallel is a
parallelogram.
Therefore, every rhombus is a parallelogram.
3 A) Solve the following sub-questions. (Any One)
1) Area of the base of a cone is 1386 sq.cm. and its height is 28
cm. Find its curved surface area.
Solution:
Area of the base of the cone = πr² = 1386 cm²
1386 = (22/7) * r²
r² = (1386 * 7) / 22
r² = 63 * 7
r² = 441
r = √441
r = 21 cm
Height of the cone (h) = 28 cm
To find the curved surface area, we need the slant height (l).
Using the Pythagorean theorem: l² = r² + h²
l² = (21)² + (28)²
l² = 441 + 784
l² = 1225
l = √1225
l = 35 cm
Curved surface area of the cone = πrl
Curved surface area = (22/7) * 21 * 35
Curved surface area = 22 * 3 * 35
Curved surface area = 66 * 35
Curved surface area = 2310 cm²
2) In which quadrants or on which axis are the points given
below.
| Sr. No. | Co-ordinates | Quadrant / axis |
|---|---|---|
| i) | (5, 3) | Quadrant I |
| ii) | (-2, 4) | Quadrant II |
| iii) | (2, -5) | Quadrant IV |
| iv) | (0, 4) | y-axis |
| v) | (-3, 0) | x-axis |
| vi) | (-2, -2.5) | Quadrant III |
B) Solve Any two sub-questions of the following.
1) Find the value of cos 60° × cos 30° + sin 60° × sin 30°
* cos 60° = 1/2
* cos 30° = √3/2
* sin 60° = √3/2
* sin 30° = 1/2
cos 60° × cos 30° + sin 60° × sin 30° = (1/2) × (√3/2) + (√3/2) ×
(1/2)
= √3/4 + √3/4
= 2√3/4
= √3/2
3) Diagonals of a rectangle PQRS are intersecting in point M.
∠
If QMR = 50°, then find the measure of MPS. ∠
* In a rectangle, the diagonals are equal and bisect each
other. Therefore, QM = MR = PM = MS.
* Consider triangle ΔQMR. Since QM = MR, ΔQMR is an
isosceles triangle.

∠
* MQR = ∠MRQ = (180° - ∠QMR) / 2 = (180° - 50°) / 2 = 130°
/ 2 = 65°
* Consider triangle ΔPMS. Since PM = MS, ΔPMS is an
isosceles triangle.

* ∠MPQ = ∠MSR (Alternate interior angles, as PQ || SR)

* ∠MQP = ∠MRS (Alternate interior angles, as QR || PS)

* ∠MPQ = ∠MSR = ∠MQR = 65°

* ∠MQP = ∠MRS = ∠MRQ = 65°

* In ΔPMS, ∠PMS + ∠MPS + ∠MSP = 180°

* We know that ∠PMQ + ∠QMR = 180° (linear pair)

* ∠PMQ + 50° = 180°

* ∠PMQ = 130°

* Also, ∠RMS + ∠QMR = 180° (linear pair)

* ∠RMS + 50° = 180°

* ∠RMS = 130°
* Now consider the angles around point M: ∠PMQ + ∠QMR
∠ ∠
+ RMS + SMP = 360°

* 130° + 50° + 130° + ∠SMP = 360°

* 310° + ∠SMP = 360°
* ∠SMP = 50°
* In ΔPMS, since PM = MS, ∠MPS = ∠MSP.
* ∠PMS + ∠MPS + ∠MSP = 180°
* 50° + ∠MPS + ∠MPS = 180°

* 50° + 2∠MPS = 180°

* 2∠MPS = 130°

* ∠MPS = 65°
4) Volume of a hemisphere is 18000π cubic cm. Find its
diameter.
* Volume of a hemisphere = (2/3)πr³
* Given volume = 18000π cm³
* (2/3)πr³ = 18000π
* Divide both sides by π:
* (2/3)r³ = 18000
* Multiply both sides by 3/2:
* r³ = 18000 × (3/2)
* r³ = 9000 × 3
* r³ = 27000
* r = ³√27000
* r = 30 cm
* Diameter = 2 × radius
* Diameter = 2 × 30 cm
* Diameter = 60 cm

∠
2) In Δ LMN, LM = 7.2 cm, M = 105°, MN = 6.4 cm. Then
draw Δ LMN and construct its circumcircle.
To solve this, you would need to perform a geometric
construction:
* Draw Δ LMN:
* Draw a line segment MN of length 6.4 cm.
* At point M, construct an angle of 105°.
* Along the ray of the 105° angle, mark a point L such that
LM = 7.2 cm.
* Join L and N to complete the triangle Δ LMN.
* Construct the circumcircle:
* Find the perpendicular bisectors of any two sides of the
triangle (e.g., LM and MN).
* For LM:
* With L as the center, draw arcs on both sides of LM
with a radius greater than half the length of LM.
* With M as the center, draw arcs with the same radius,
intersecting the previous arcs.
* Draw a line passing through the points of intersection
of these arcs. This line is the perpendicular bisector of LM.
* For MN:
* Repeat the same process with M and N as centers to
draw the perpendicular bisector of MN.
* The point where the two perpendicular bisectors intersect
is the circumcenter (let's call it O).
* With O as the center and OL (or OM or ON) as the radius,
draw a circle. This circle will pass through the vertices L, M,
and N of the triangle, and it is the circumcircle of Δ LMN.
Since I cannot physically perform the drawing, I have
described the steps for the construction.

Q. 4 Solve the four sub-questions. (Any Two)

1) Draw the graphs of the equations given below:
* 3x - y = 0
* This can be rewritten as y = 3x.
* To draw the graph, find a few points that satisfy this
equation:
* If x = 0, y = 3(0) = 0. Point: (0, 0)
* If x = 1, y = 3(1) = 3. Point: (1, 3)
* If x = -1, y = 3(-1) = -3. Point: (-1, -3)
* Plot these points and draw a straight line passing through
them.
* 2x + y = 1
* This can be rewritten as y = 1 - 2x.
* To draw the graph, find a few points that satisfy this
equation:
* If x = 0, y = 1 - 2(0) = 1. Point: (0, 1)
* If x = 1, y = 1 - 2(1) = -1. Point: (1, -1)
* If x = -1, y = 1 - 2(-1) = 3. Point: (-1, 3)
* Plot these points and draw a straight line passing through
them.
* The point where the two lines intersect is the solution to
the system of equations.

∠ ∠
2) In right-angled ΔLMN, N = θ, M = 90°, cos θ = 24/25.
Find the ratio of sin θ and tan θ. Similarly, find the value of
sin² θ and cos² θ.
 * In a right-angled triangle, cos θ = (adjacent side) /
(hypotenuse).
* So, adjacent side (MN) = 24 and hypotenuse (LN) = 25.
* Using the Pythagorean theorem to find the opposite side
(LM):
LM² + MN² = LN²
LM² + 24² = 25²
LM² + 576 = 625
LM² = 625 - 576
LM² = 49
LM = √49 = 7
* Now we can find sin θ and tan θ:
* sin θ = (opposite side) / (hypotenuse) = LM / LN = 7/25
* tan θ = (opposite side) / (adjacent side) = LM / MN = 7/24
* Now, find sin² θ and cos² θ:
* sin² θ = (sin θ)² = (7/25)² = 49/625
* cos² θ = (cos θ)² = (24/25)² = 576/625
3) To make an open fish tank, a glass sheet of 2 mm gauge is
used. The outer length, breadth, and height of the tank are
60.4 cm x 40.4 cm x 40.2 cm respectively. How much
maximum volume of water will be contained in it?
* The gauge of the glass sheet (thickness) is 2 mm = 0.2 cm.
* Since the tank is open at the top, the thickness of the glass
will reduce the inner dimensions of the length, breadth, and
height.
* Inner length = Outer length - 2 × thickness = 60.4 cm - 2 ×
0.2 cm = 60.4 cm - 0.4 cm = 60 cm
* Inner breadth = Outer breadth - 2 × thickness = 40.4 cm - 2
× 0.2 cm = 40.4 cm - 0.4 cm = 40 cm
 * Inner height = Outer height - thickness (only bottom) = 40.2
cm - 0.2 cm = 40 cm
* Maximum volume of water the tank can contain = Inner
length × Inner breadth × Inner height
* Volume = 60 cm × 40 cm × 40 cm
* Volume = 96000 cm³
Q. 5 Solve any one sub-question.
1) In the figure C is the center of the circle. Seg QT is a
diameter. CT = 13, CP = 5. Find the length of chord RS.
* Since QT is the diameter and CT is the radius, the radius of
the circle is 13.
* CP is perpendicular to the chord RS (as CP is the distance
from the center to the chord). The perpendicular from the
center to a chord bisects the chord. Let the point of
intersection of CP and RS be M. Then RM = MS.
* Consider the right-angled triangle CPR. Using the
Pythagorean theorem:
CR² = CP² + PR²
13² = 5² + PR²
169 = 25 + PR²
PR² = 169 - 25
PR² = 144
PR = √144 = 12
* Since CP is perpendicular to RS, and we assumed the
intersection point is M, then PR corresponds to either RM or
SM.
* Therefore, RM = 12.
* The length of the chord RS = RM + MS = RM + RM = 2 × RM =
2 × 12 = 24.
2) Ratio of two adjacent sides of a parallelogram is 3:4 and its
perimeter is 112 cm. Find the length of each side.
* Let the lengths of the two adjacent sides of the
parallelogram be 3x and 4x.
* In a parallelogram, opposite sides are equal in length. So,
all sides are 3x, 4x, 3x, and 4x.
* The perimeter of the parallelogram is the sum of the
lengths of all its sides:
Perimeter = 3x + 4x + 3x + 4x = 14x
* Given that the perimeter is 112 cm:
14x = 112
x = 112 / 14
x=8
* Now, find the length of each side:
* First side = 3x = 3 × 8 = 24 cm
* Second side = 4x = 4 × 8 = 32 cm
* Third side = 3x = 3 × 8 = 24 cm
* Fourth side = 4x = 4 × 8 = 32 cm
The lengths of the sides of the parallelogram are 24 cm, 32
cm, 24 cm, and 32 cm.