Methodology, Methods,Approach,Techniques PBL -Problem Based Learning

Learning Language Principles TBL Thinking-based Learning

Common Classroom Teaching Methods CBL Competency-based Learning
Teacher-Centered Methods VAK Visual Auditory Kinesthetic
Learner-Centered Methods of Instruction Collaborative Learning
Spaced-Learning
Online Teaching Methods Self-Learning
Virtual Spaced Learning
Lecture/Discussion Cross-over Learning
Demonstration ESA Engage Study and Activate Teaching Method
Simulation PPP Presentation, Practice Production Teaching Method
Games Structural methods
Case Study Grammar–translation method
Audio-lingual method
Digital Learning Methods and Techniques Functional methods
The oral approach and situational language teaching
Adaptive Learning Directed practice
Badging and Gamification Interactive methods
Blended Learning Direct method
The series method
21st Century Teaching Methods Communicative language teaching
Language immersion
Flipped classroom Silent Way
Project-based Community language learning
Cooperative Learning Suggestopedia
Gamification Natural approach
 Total physical response Proprietary methods
Teaching Proficiency through Reading and Storytelling Pimsleur method
Dogme language teaching Michel Thomas Method
Growing Participator Approach

METHOD OVERVIEW FEATURES TYPICAL COMMENTS

TECHNIQUES
Direct Method discarding any use of students’ native language self-correction, actually use it to get by in
mother tongue in the is spoken. The focus is not day-to-day situations. The
conversation practice,
classroom. As teachers on grammar but instead fillin-the-blank exercises, teachers may also ask the
on learning through students questions, have
became frustrated with dictation, and paragraph
listening them fill in the blanks in
the students’ inability to and speaking. When using an
writing. Others include
the natural approach, the such
communicate orally, they example sentence, or have
teacher doesn’t focus on
began to experiment with the rules and allow for as example proliferation,
them read from a work of
new techniques. The idea mistakes, but aim for visual support, listening literature. It teaches
was that foreign language excellent oral students to be able to
activities, oral exercises
teaching must be carried communication with the speak the target language
out in the same way target words and and tasks, and stress free
and supportive rather than merely be
language. able to translate it.
people learn their mother environment.
tongue.

Grammar Translation Grammar Translation The method is used for Grammar Translation This is really a great
Method students to learn a lot of method because it
Method is a method that vocabulary to which Method uses the
emphasizes
used both mother tongue techniques of translating a
reading and writing skills translation which is the
(L1) and target language are excelled. It also literary passage from
activates students´ target language to mother easiest and shortest way
(L2) in the study. The
method requires that tongue. It is also used for
 students translate whole memory. It gives the reading comprehension of explaining meaning of
texts word for word and chance of learning a new questions, for vocabulary words and phrases.
memorize numerous language using textbooks enhancement such as Learners have no
grammatical rules and so that students can learn finding antonyms and difficulties to understand
exceptions as well as the lesson as it is carried
enormous vocabulary vocabulary not only in the synonyms for words or out in the
lists. sets mother tongue. It is a
target language but also
of words, filling in the laborsaving method as the
The goal of this method is in their mother tongue.
blanks in sentences with teacher carries out
to enable students to read
new words or items of a everything in the mother
and translate literary
particular grammar, tongue.
master pieces and
classics. memorizing vocabulary
lists or grammatical rules,
and use words in
sentences.

Audio-Lingual Method The Audio-lingual Method Some characteristics of Students are made to The audiolingual method is
was widely used in the this method are: drills are memorize the dialogue a great language teaching
1950s and 1960s, and the used to teach structural line by line. Learners
emphasis was not on the patterns, set phrases are mimic the teacher or a methodology as it focuses
tape listening on the accuracy of
understanding of words, memorized with a focus on pronunciation and
but rather on the intonation, grammatical carefully to all features of
acquisition of structures explanations are kept to a the spoken target grammar, the ability to
minimum, vocabulary is language. Pronunciation respond quickly and
and patterns in common taught in context, audio-
like that of native speaker accurately in speech
everyday dialogue. These visual aids are used, focus is important in presenting
patterns are elicited, the model. Through situations and knowledge
is on pronunciation, and repetition
repeated and tested until of sufficient vocabulary to
correct responses are of phrases and sentences,
the responses given by use with grammar
positively reinforced a dialogue is learned by
the student in the foreign immediately. patterns.
language are automatic.
Particular emphasis was
 the first whole class, then laid on mastering the
building blocks of
smaller groups and finally language and learning the
individual learners. rules for combining them.

Community Language would be able to speak the their native language, and group work, recording, feelings, and his physical
Learning learners' L1. The intention they sit in a circle with the
teacher/counselor on the transcription, analysis, reaction. Interestingly, the
was that it would integrate teacher is not only limited
translation so that the outside of the circle. The reflection and to deliver content to the
students would learners start a observation, listening, and learners but also he is a
free conversation.
disassociate language conversation and speak in counselor who can handle
their native language. the problems learners face
learning with risk taking. while learning something
It's a method that is based The counselor provides new in.
on translations and
English for communication explanations as learners
and is extremely
learnerfocused. repeat the utterances as
accurately as they can.
The conversation goes on
and may be taped for later
use.
Suggestopedia Suggestopedia is a The key features of Suggestopedia has lots of The language teaching
teaching-learning suggestopedia include: methods to offer that may method known as
be useful to teach
methodology which prime learning is facilitated in an suggestopedia provides
objective is to tap into environment that is as students. These are:
more of students’ mental comfortable as possible, some valuable insights
classroom set-up, into
learning is encouraged
potential to learn, in order through the presence in peripheral learning, the power of cognition and
to accelerate the process
by which they learn to the learning environment positive suggestion,
visualization, employing techniques that
understand and use the of posters and make students feel
target language for decorations, choose a new identity, role
comfortable and relaxed
 communication. It is teacher assumes a role of play, first concert, second to the material being
complete authority and concert, primary learned. Many teachers
developed by the
control in the classroom, activation, and secondary can relate to many of the
Bulgarian psychotherapist basic principles of the
activation.
students are encouraged approach. Playing soft
Georgi Lozanov. It is used to be child-like, students
mostly to learn foreign work from lengthy dialogs music to make students
languages. in the target language,
relax, making classrooms
errors are tolerated, and as
homework is limited to
students re-reading. comfortable as possible
for students within the
constraints.

Total Physical Total Physical Response Total Physical Response Total Physical Response I personally used
Response was created by American has a lot of benefits, can be used in the whatever was available in
psychologist Dr. James the room and what I could
Asher and is based on particularly for beginners classroom when the think of as actions. I also
teaching language or and young learners. The bought
pairing of movement with teacher performs an
stuff in town to bring to
vocabulary concepts by language is innately
action, both the
associated with effective
using physical movement demonstrating
TPR sessions. I didn’t
to react to verbal input. learning. Students actively
and saying it, preparing to progress to the advanced
The process mimics the use both the left and right
exaggerate by using stages, but that might
way that infants learn sides of their brains. It
their first language, and itworks require some more
gestures, facial
reduces student inhibitions with both small and large expressions, instructions. I had word
and lowers stress. The groups. It sharpens lists from the internet
and props, calling on the
students’ listening skills. students to repeat the which I consulted for
purpose of TPR is to
inspiration.
create a brain link Students are not required action, writing the verb or
between to speak until they are
phrase on the board, and
speech and action to boost
 language and vocabulary ready to. Students will repeating with other verbs
learning. and return to them
appreciate the change of regularly during the
pace and potential for semester to check
retention.
humor. Limited materials
and planning mean it’s
simple for teachers to
prep.

Communicative learning language of authentic texts into the fluency, and comfort in the bring new life and joy to
Language Teaching functions. learning situation, the target language. The the classroom.

provision of opportunities activities such as role play,

for learners to focus, not interviews, group work,
only on language but also information gap, opinion
on the learning process sharing, and scavenger
itself, an enhancement of hunt are most functional
in this method.
the learner’s own personal
experiences as important
contributing elements to
classroom learning, and an
attempt to link classroom
language learning with
language activities outside
the classroom.

Natural Approach The natural approach was It aims to foster The techniques used in The teacher must use
developed by Tracy Terrell naturalistic language this approach are often varieties of
comprehensible input as
and supported by Stephen acquisition in a classroom borrowed from other possible, visual aids
methods just like: total
Krashen. It is a language setting, and to this end it physical response, the are useful, as is exposure
teaching approach which emphasizes direct method,
 claims that language communication. It focuses communicative language to a wide range of
learning is a reproduction on communicative
of the way humans abilities. teaching. The teacher can vocabulary rather than
also use teacher talk,
naturally acquire their One of its objectives is to complex language and study of syntactic
native language. help beginners become simple response structure, the focus in the
intermediate. Vocabulary classroom
opportunities, acquisition
is considered prior to should be on listening and
activities, and pair or
syntactic structures. A lot reading; speaking should
group work.
be allowed to emerge,
of comprehensible input
must and student work should
center on mean-ingful
be provided. Use of visual
aids to help communication rather
comprehension. The focus than
is on listening and reading, on form; input should be
speaking emerges later. interesting and so
contribute to a relaxed
classroom atmosphere.
Immersion Language immersion is The languages used for Immersion teachers need To conclude, the
basically a method instruction are referred to to provide their students immersion method seeks
as the L1 and the L2 for to ' speed up
developed to teach people with a structured learning
a second each student, with L1 environment that attends ' language acquisition by
language, in which the being the student's native to language development providing maximum
and content-area exposure whilst an
language being taught is language and L2 being the knowledge development
used specifically for empathetic approach
second language to be while consistently using
instruction purposes. acquired through the immersion language. helps to build confidence
immersion programs and Students benefit from which is an important
Immersion programs that techniques. factor in successful
frequent opportunities to
exist today actually use the immersion modern language
language in the context of teaching, as well as being
 originated in Canada in teacher use of an important
multisensory experiences
the 1960's, when supported by visual aids, factor in the difference in
middleclass English- gestures and the facility with which
speaking
manipulatives. Successful adults and children can
parents campaigned for immersion teachers use learn a second language.

their children to be taught predictable instructional

routines and patterned
French through the
language for transitions.
experimental technique of
language immersion.

Task-Based Language Task-based language Task-based learning Task-based teaching I’ve noticed that with
Learning teaching (TBLT) focuses on focuses on the use of provides students with the advanced learners that
the use of authentic authentic language
language and on asking through meaningful linguistic components they are enthusiastic, a model
will need to accomplish isn’t as important, and
tasks.
students to do meaningful these real-world tasks.
tasks using the target Students are encouraged might even be a bad idea.
These include: How to
language. Such tasks can to use language creatively
introduce themselves, how Giving a model can steer
include visiting a doctor, and spontaneously to talk about themselves, your students in a
conducting an interview, through particular direction, as
their families, their
or calling customer service they think
for tasks and problem interests,
that’s what you want, and
solving. their likes and dislikes, try to please you. Not
help. Assessment is
primarily based on task Students focus on a their needs, etc. in the
giving a model lets them
outcome rather than on relationship that is right socio-cultural
accuracy of context. really use their
comparable to real world
imagination and creativity.
prescribed language activities. The conveyance
forms. of some sort of meaning is
TBLT can be considered a
branch of communicative
language teaching.
 central to this
method.
Assessment is primarily
based on task outcome
TBLT is student-centered.

Using Authentic Authentic material is any Authentic materials should Authentic materials can The advantage of
Materials material written in English have a positive effect on include: Listening—TV authentic materials is that
that was not created for learner motivation. They shows, radio, commercials, they give higher-level
intentional use in the news broadcasts, students exposure to
English language provide authentic cultural documentaries, movies, unregulated native-
information. They provide speaker language – the
classroom. Using this phone messages, etc.,
exposure to real language.
content to teach the Visual— photographs, art language as it is actually
They relate more closely to
works, signs with symbols, used by native speakers
English language can learners' needs. They
make the learning process postcards, picture books, communicating with other
even more engaging, support a more creative native speakers. I see
etc., Printed—restaurant
imaginative and approach to teaching. authentic materials as key
menus, newspaper
articles, bulletin board in receptive skills and
motivating for students. It learning conventions.
advertisements, company
can also be useful to elicit
websites, coupons, sales
genuine responses from
catalogues, travel
learners.
brochures, maps,
telephone books, signs,
blogs, movie posters, food
labels, etc.

Visuals and Realia create connections thing and having them ESL realia can be The use of realia is
guess the name. It’s incorporated into a ton of
between objects and commonplace in the
especially helpful when fun activities that can liven
vocabulary words or other ESL/EFL classroom and is
 language concepts. This teaching students whose up in-person or virtual widely considered to have
can make it easier to recall native language. great value in fostering an
information. classroom and get active teaching-learning
students excited about environment. It provides
learning
English just like recreate the learners a meaningful
the realia, scavenger hunt, learning experience as it
following directions, island connects the classroom
survival, and memory activities to the real world.
games.
Structure Approach The structural approach In structural, content Language is system of This method is really
means the arrangement of words are also taught. The structure and signals. important to students
words in such a way as to selection of content words Students can learn very because it will be a
form a suitable pattern of is directed by their well if the teaching is prerequisite to learn the
complex ideas. Going
sentence. The mastery of usefulness, simplicity and accords with its structure back to basics is
sentence structure in teachability. An and signals in scientific significant
considered to be mare appropriate situation way. Students' activity is in learning the language
with than the acquisition should be created to important rather than the effectively and
of vocabulary. Structural teachers' activity. meaningfully.
practice the structure and
approach is based on the Importance of the
theory of behaviorist. to relate its meaning to it
formulation of language
and to build up a
habit in arranging words in
vocabulary of content
proper pattern.
words even structure is
separately taught.
Silent Way Method The Silent Way is the These are the features of If you do decide to use this here are certainly
name of a method of silent way method: method, here are some
advantages to this
language
Teachers should strategies to help you find
concentrate on how success: (1) Educate unconventional method.
teaching devised by Caleb
students learn, not on how students thoroughly from After all, every teacher’s
Gattegno. It is based on the outset about this ultimate goal is to equip
to teach, imitation and drill
 the premise that the are not the primary means method and why you are their students with the
by which students learn, using it. (2) Check in tools to manage the
teacher should be silent as
content
much as possible in the learning consists of trial individually with students
and error, deliberate who need it from time to independently, with
classroom but the learner time, to make sure that limited teacher
experimentation, they are okay.
should be encouraged to intervention.
produce as much suspending judgement, (3) Give feedback
nonverbally. (4) Emphasize
language as possible. The and revising conclusions,
learners draw on
Silent Way shares a great
deal with other learning
theories and educational
philosophies.
everything that they
already know, especially
their native language, and
the teacher must not
interfere with the learning
process. quality rather
than quantity.

Lecture Method Lecture method is the This method is used in When to use lecture The lecture method can be
oldest method of teaching. order to acquire method: (1) It is used to made effective by using
It is based on the knowledge and give an overview of a large following points matter
philosophy of idealism. concept. Lecture method should be arranged
This method refers to the mainly focuses on unit. (2) This method is an
explanation of the topic to effective way for properly. Teacher should
the students. The cognitive objectives. The motivating pupils and
main emphasis of this have process in between
emphasis is on the
developing their interest
presentation of the lesson. These should
strategy is the in
the content. The teacher be abundant repetition of
presentation of the
the subject. (3) It is used the topic. The teacher
 clarifies the content content. In this for supplementing the should
matter to the students by method teachers plans pupils
encourage the students to
using
and controls the whole reading and for clarifying
ask questions teaching
gestures, simple devices, teaching – learning main concepts. (4) This
aids should also be used
by changing voice,
change in position and process. To make the method helps to save the to make the lecture
time of students by effective.
facial expressions. lecture interesting, the providing important
Teachers are more active teacher can take the help information in short time
and of audio -visual aids.
period. (5) This method is
students are passive but
the teacher also asks used to provide
questions to keep the background.
students attentive.

Eclectic Method The eclectic approach is The eclectic method There are varied In this method, the
the label given to a provides a third option for approaches and methods teacher has more
teachers because it fuses used for language flexibility. No
teacher's use of elements from traditional teaching. In eclectic
techniques aspect of language skill is
and cognitive methods to approach, the teacher can
and activities from a range deliver on the strengths of choose from these ignored. There is variety in
of language teaching both. It includes content different methods and the classroom. Classroom
approaches and integration, knowledge approaches: Grammar- atmosphere is dynamic.
methodologies. The These types of programs
teacher decides what not only negotiate teacher

Innovative Method The innovative method is One example of innovative There 5 real-world ways Blended instruction is
the collection of methods method is the blended that you can adopt in your reportedly more effective
that is used for the learning and it is used own corporate training
emergence of the new today in teaching for environment to produce than purely face-to-face or
highly effective and purely online classes.[29]
ways in education. The use online class and modular engaging learning
of this is crucial at this outcomes: Flipped Blended learning methods
distance learning. Blended can also result in high
 point for it has to be learning is an approach to Classroom, Live Virtual levels of student
evaluated and tested for achievement
its validity and education that combines Training, Shared Team
effectiveness. online educational more effective than face-
materials and Goals, Personalized
to-face learning. By using
opportunities Blending, and Blend With a combination of digital
for interaction online with Productivity.
instruction and one-on-one
traditional place-based face time, students can
classroom methods. It
work on their own with
requires the physical new concepts which frees
teachers up to circulate
presence of both teacher and support individual
and student, with some
Online Teaching Online education demands Professors new to online Synchronous instruction This is really a great
Method more independence, so teaching occasionally replicates live, traditional manifestation that the
students must be able to adopt a technology-first coursework as closely as educational system of the
an online class can.
learn at least some of the approach to instructional Meanwhile, asynchronous Philippines is adapting to
material when professors instruction allows students the avalanche of teaching
are unavailable. Because planning. This perspective and learning which is
to view lectures, access
online degree programs may complicate the providing ways to adopt to
teaching process and materials, and collaborate
attract a larger share of the changes happening.
result in poorer learning with teachers and peers on
out-of-region and
their own schedule are The online teaching
outcomes. Once online method is helpful today as
nontraditional students,
instructors identify what called asynchronous it is the best alternative,
including working and it is been effective for
they want to teach, and courses. Lectures might
students, parents, and
through what methods, be students who really want
military
they can review the online to finish their studies.
pre-recorded or presented
personnel, professors
learning technologies
must on a program like
available to them and Microsoft
also learn to engage a identify those that
more diverse group of complement their goals PowerPoint, perhaps with
learners. best. instructor voice-over.