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Rio Declaration

The Rio Declaration on Environment and Development outlines 27 principles aimed at promoting sustainable development, adopted during the 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro. Key principles emphasize human-centered development, state sovereignty, poverty eradication, and the integration of environmental protection with economic growth. The declaration calls for international cooperation, accountability, and the involvement of various stakeholders, including women, youth, and indigenous peoples, in achieving sustainable development goals.

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Rio Declaration

The Rio Declaration on Environment and Development outlines 27 principles aimed at promoting sustainable development, adopted during the 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro. Key principles emphasize human-centered development, state sovereignty, poverty eradication, and the integration of environmental protection with economic growth. The declaration calls for international cooperation, accountability, and the involvement of various stakeholders, including women, youth, and indigenous peoples, in achieving sustainable development goals.

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953622205037
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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The Rio Declaration on Environment and Development is a set of 27 principles adopted during

the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), also known as
the Earth Summit, held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in June 1992. It serves as a global framework
for sustainable development, balancing environmental protection with economic and social
progress.

Principle 1: Human-Centered Sustainable Development

 Humans are at the center of sustainable development.


 They have the right to a healthy and productive life in harmony with nature.
 Environmental policies should focus on improving human well-being.

Principle 2: State Sovereignty and Responsibility

 Nations have sovereign rights over their own natural resources.


 However, they must ensure that their activities do not cause environmental harm to other
countries.
 This principle emphasizes international cooperation and environmental responsibility.

Principle 3: Right to Development

 Development must be sustainable and must meet both present and future needs.
 Economic growth should not come at the expense of environmental degradation.
 Encourages balancing social, economic, and environmental considerations.

Principle 4: Integration of Environment and Development

 Economic and social development should integrate environmental protection.


 Environmental policies should not be seen as a barrier to growth but as a means to
achieve long-term sustainability.

Principle 5: Eradication of Poverty

 Poverty is a major cause of environmental degradation.


 Sustainable development should prioritize eliminating poverty to improve environmental
outcomes.
 International efforts should focus on providing financial and technological assistance to
poor nations.
Principle 6: Special Consideration for Developing Countries

 Developing nations, especially those vulnerable to environmental challenges, need


special attention.
 They should receive preferential access to financial resources, technology transfer, and
capacity-building.

Principle 7: Common but Differentiated Responsibilities (CBDR)

 All nations share responsibility for environmental protection.


 Developed nations, being historically responsible for much of global pollution, should
take a leading role in providing financial and technological support to developing
countries.

Principle 8: Sustainable Production &Consumption

 Countries must adopt sustainable consumption patterns and reduce wasteful resource use.
 Promotes efficient use of resources and minimizing environmental footprints.

Principle 9: Scientific & Technological Cooperation

 Scientific research and technology transfer should be encouraged for sustainable


development.
 Developed nations should assist developing countries with access to cleaner technologies.

Principle 10: Public Participation & Access to Information

 Citizens should have access to environmental information and decision-making.


 Governments should ensure transparency in environmental policies.
 Encourages public engagement in environmental governance.

Principle 11: Effective Environmental Legislation

 Nations must establish and enforce strong environmental laws.


 Environmental regulations should align with national conditions and priorities.

Principle 12: Trade & Environment

 Environmental measures should not be used as trade barriers.


 Sustainable trade policies should be encouraged.
 Promotes fair trade practices without harming environmental goals.

Principle 13: Liability & Compensation for Environmental Damage

 Countries should ensure that polluters are held liable for environmental damage.
 Compensation mechanisms should be in place for affected communities.

Principle 14: Discouraging Relocation of Harmful Activities

 Governments must take proactive steps to prevent environmental harm rather than
reacting after damage has occurred.
 Encourages early intervention and preventive measures.

Principle 15: Precautionary Approach

 Lack of full scientific certainty should not delay environmental action.


 If there is a risk of serious or irreversible damage, preventive action should be taken.

Principle 16: Polluter Pays Principle

 Those responsible for pollution must bear the cost of preventing and mitigating
environmental damage.
 Encourages businesses and industries to adopt environmentally friendly practices.

Principle 17: Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)

 EIA must be conducted for major projects that may impact the environment.
 Helps decision-makers understand the potential environmental consequences before
approving projects.

Principle 18: Emergency Notification and Assistance

 Governments must provide early warnings and share relevant environmental data.
 Ensures timely responses to environmental threats.

Principle 19: Transboundary Notification & Cooperation

 Nations must inform and consult with neighboring countries about environmental risks
that may have cross-border effects.
 Encourages regional and international cooperation.

Principle 20: Women’s Role in Sustainable Development

 Women play a crucial role in environmental management and development.


 They should be actively involved in decision-making processes.

Principle 21: Youth & Sustainability

 Young people should be empowered to contribute to sustainable development.


 Education and awareness programs should be encouraged.
Principle 22: Indigenous Peoples and Sustainable Development

 Indigenous and local communities have valuable knowledge of sustainable practices.


 Their rights and participation must be respected and protected.

Principle 23: Protection of the Environment in Armed Conflict

 Environmental damage should be minimized during war and military conflicts.


 Calls for international cooperation in preventing environmental destruction due to armed
conflicts.

Principle 24: Warfare and the Environment

 International laws must be followed to protect the environment even during wartime.

Principle 25: Peace, Development, and Environmental Protection

 Environmental protection, sustainable development, and global peace are interconnected.


 Environmental degradation can lead to social and political instability.

Principle 26: Resolution of Environmental Disputes

 Environmental conflicts should be resolved through peaceful negotiation and legal


means.
 Encourages international dispute resolution mechanisms.

Principle 27: Implementation & Accountability

 All nations should work together in good faith to implement these principles.
 International cooperation and accountability are essential for achieving sustainable
development.

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