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unit-3(mobile design principles ) complete notes

The document outlines essential architectural principles for software design, emphasizing separation of concerns, modularity, SOLID principles, and clean architecture. It also covers UI/UX design principles, performance optimization, security measures, and scalability strategies, alongside various development models like Waterfall, Agile, and DevOps used in Android development. Additionally, it details key testing methodologies for mobile applications, including functional, performance, security, usability, compatibility, and automation testing.

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bhavikas392
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8 views

unit-3(mobile design principles ) complete notes

The document outlines essential architectural principles for software design, emphasizing separation of concerns, modularity, SOLID principles, and clean architecture. It also covers UI/UX design principles, performance optimization, security measures, and scalability strategies, alongside various development models like Waterfall, Agile, and DevOps used in Android development. Additionally, it details key testing methodologies for mobile applications, including functional, performance, security, usability, compatibility, and automation testing.

Uploaded by

bhavikas392
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

Architectural Principles-
Software Design is also a process to plan or convert the
software requirements into a step that are needed to be
carried out to develop a software system. There are several
principles that are used to organize and arrange the structural
components of Software design.

1.1 Separation of Concerns (SoC)

 Divide the app into independent layers (e.g., UI, Business Logic, Data) to improve
maintainability.
 Example: Use MVVM (Model-View-ViewModel) architecture in Android.

1.2 Modularity

 Break down the app into reusable, loosely coupled components.


 Example: Create separate modules for authentication, networking, and UI.

1.3 SOLID Principles

 Single Responsibility Principle (SRP): Each class should have one responsibility.
 Open-Closed Principle: Software entities should be open for extension but closed for
modification.
 Liskov Substitution Principle: Subtypes must be substitutable for their base types.
 Interface Segregation Principle: Avoid forcing classes to implement unused
interfaces.
 Dependency Inversion Principle (DIP): Depend on abstractions, not concrete
implementations.

1.4 Clean Architecture

 Divide the app into Presentation, Domain, and Data layers.


 Ensures testability, maintainability, and scalability.

2. UI/UX Design Principles


2.1 Material Design

 Follow Google's Material Design 3 (MD3) for a consistent UI.


 Example: Use Jetpack Compose for modern UI development.

2.2 Responsive Design

 Use ConstraintLayout, FlexboxLayout, and Jetpack Compose for adaptive layouts.


 Support different screen sizes, orientations, and foldable devices.

2.3 Accessibility

 Support TalkBack, high-contrast mode, and scalable fonts.


 Example: Use contentDescription for images and buttons.

2.4 Dark Mode Support

 Implement dynamic theming using Material Theme Builder.


 Example: Use isSystemInDarkTheme() in Jetpack Compose.

3. Performance Optimization Principles


3.1 Efficient Memory Management

 Avoid memory leaks using WeakReferences, ViewBinding, and Lifecycle-aware


components.
 Use RecyclerView with ViewHolder pattern for efficient UI rendering.

3.2 Battery Optimization

 Reduce background activity with WorkManager, JobScheduler.


 Optimize location tracking using FusedLocationProvider.

3.3 Lazy Loading & Caching

 Load images asynchronously using Glide, Coil, or Picasso.


 Cache API responses using Retrofit with Room database.

4. Security Principles
4.1 Secure API Communication

 Use HTTPS with TLS 1.2 or 1.3.


 Secure API keys using Android Keystore.

4.2 Data Protection

 Store sensitive data in EncryptedSharedPreferences.


 Use Biometric authentication for user login.

4.3 Code Obfuscation


 Use ProGuard or R8 to minify and obfuscate code.

5. Scalability and Maintainability


5.1 Dependency Injection

 Use Dagger/Hilt for managing dependencies.


 Example: Inject ViewModel using Hilt.

5.2 CI/CD (Continuous Integration & Deployment)

 Automate testing and deployment using GitHub Actions, Firebase App


Distribution.

5.3 Modularization

 Use Dynamic Feature Modules to load features on demand.


 Example: A separate module for Payment, Chat, and Authentication.

Development Models in Android Development-When developing Android


applications, various software development models can be followed to ensure efficiency,
maintainability, and scalability. Below are the common development models used in Android
development:

1. Waterfall Model
 A linear sequential model where development flows step by step (Requirement →
Design → Implementation → Testing → Deployment).
 Pros: Simple, well-documented, good for small projects.
 Cons: Not flexible, hard to accommodate changes.
 Use Case: Best for projects with clear and fixed requirements.

2. Agile Model
 An iterative development approach where the application is built in small
increments (Sprints).
 Pros: Flexible, continuous feedback, faster iterations.
 Cons: Requires close collaboration, can lead to scope creep.
 Use Case: Best for startups and dynamic projects where requirements evolve.

2.1 Scrum in Android Development

 Development is divided into short sprints (1-2 weeks).


 Includes daily stand-ups, sprint planning, and sprint retrospectives.
 Uses tools like Jira, Trello, and Azure DevOps for task tracking.

3. DevOps Model
 Integrates Development and Operations for Continuous Integration (CI) and
Continuous Deployment (CD).
 Uses tools like GitHub Actions, Jenkins, Firebase App Distribution.
 Pros: Automates testing and deployment, improves efficiency.
 Cons: Requires infrastructure setup and DevOps expertise.
 Use Case: Best for large-scale applications with frequent updates.

4. Clean Architecture Development Model


 Divides the app into Presentation, Domain, and Data layers.
 Uses MVVM (Model-View-ViewModel) or MVI (Model-View-Intent).
 Pros: Highly scalable, testable, maintainable.
 Cons: Requires initial setup and learning curve.
 Use Case: Best for enterprise applications.

Testing Methodologies for Mobile Applications

Testing is crucial in mobile application development to ensure


functionality, performance, and security across different devices and
environments. Here are the key testing methodologies used in mobile
development:

1. Functional Testing
Verifies that the app functions as expected based on requirements.

Types:

 Unit Testing: Tests individual components (e.g., functions, classes).


o Tools: JUnit, Mockito
 Integration Testing: Ensures different modules work together.
o Tools: Espresso, UI Automator
 System Testing: Tests the entire app to check end-to-end functionality.
o Tools: Appium, Robot Framework
 Regression Testing: Ensures that new updates do not break existing features.
o Tools: Selenium, TestNG

2. Performance Testing
Evaluates the app's speed, responsiveness, and stability under different conditions.

Types:

 Load Testing: Tests the app under high user loads.


o Tools: JMeter, Gatling
 Stress Testing: Determines how the app behaves under extreme conditions.
o Tools: Firebase Test Lab, Monkey Tool
 Battery Testing: Ensures optimal battery consumption.
o Tools: Battery Historian

3. Security Testing
Checks for vulnerabilities, data protection, and authentication mechanisms.

Types:

 Penetration Testing: Simulates hacking attempts.


o Tools: Burp Suite, OWASP ZAP
 Encryption Testing: Ensures secure storage of sensitive data.
o Tools: Android Keystore, EncryptedSharedPreferences
 API Security Testing: Checks API authentication and authorization.
o Tools: Postman, OWASP API Security Testing

4. Usability Testing
Focuses on user experience (UX), navigation, and accessibility.

Types:

 UI Testing: Ensures UI consistency across devices.


o Tools: Espresso, UI Automator
 Accessibility Testing: Ensures support for users with disabilities.
o Tools: Google Accessibility Scanner
 User Acceptance Testing (UAT): End-users test the app before release.
5. Compatibility Testing
Verifies app behavior across different devices, OS versions, and network conditions.

Types:

 Device Compatibility: Tests across various Android devices.


o Tools: Firebase Test Lab, BrowserStack
 OS Version Testing: Ensures compatibility with different Android versions.
 Network Testing: Simulates different network conditions (WiFi, 4G, 5G).
o Tools: Charles Proxy, Network Link Conditioner

6. Automation Testing
Automates repetitive test cases for efficiency and faster releases.

Tools:

 Espresso (Android UI automation)


 Appium (Cross-platform testing)
 Selenium (Web and mobile browser testing)
 TestNG (Test execution framework)

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