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Cardio Vascular Diseases

The document provides an overview of cardiovascular diseases, defining the cardiovascular system and its components, and detailing two main types: Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) and Congestive Heart Failure (CHF). It discusses the causes, pathophysiology, and clinical examination methods for these conditions, along with various laboratory investigations. The document emphasizes the importance of the cardiovascular system's proper function and the potential consequences of its failure.

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pbharule2013
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13 views13 pages

Cardio Vascular Diseases

The document provides an overview of cardiovascular diseases, defining the cardiovascular system and its components, and detailing two main types: Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) and Congestive Heart Failure (CHF). It discusses the causes, pathophysiology, and clinical examination methods for these conditions, along with various laboratory investigations. The document emphasizes the importance of the cardiovascular system's proper function and the potential consequences of its failure.

Uploaded by

pbharule2013
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Cardio vascular

diseases
Periodic – 4

Presented by...
Roll no. 19 – Pranjana Gupta
Roll no. 20 – Harish Hajare
Defination
The cardiovascular system of the body is responsible for the
transportation of blood throughout the body. The cardiovascular
system is also known as the circulatory system The main elements of
cardiovascular system are the heart, veins, arteries, and blood
capillaries. If, any of the elements of the cardiovascular system is not
able to perform its function properly, the cardiovascular disease
occurs. The failure of the cardiovascular system can result in instant
death.

•Classification:
1. Coronary artery disease.
2. Congestive Cardiac Failure.
Coronary artery
disease
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), also known as coronary
heart disease (CHD) or ischemic heart disease, is
characterized by the narrowing or blockage of the
coronary arteries due to atherosclerosis. This reduces
blood flow to the heart muscle, leading to a mismatch
between the heart's demand for oxygen and the supply
it receives, which can result in chest pain (angina),
myocardial infarction (heart attack), or other symptoms
of ischemia
Pathophysiology
1. Endothelial
dysfunction
2. Formation of
atherosclerotic
plaques
3. Plaques progression
4. Ischemia
Causes
1. Lipid accumulation
2. Inflammation to arterial wall
3. Plaque rupture
4. Genetic predisposition of CAD
5. Hypertension
6. Smoking
7. Uncontrolled Diabetes mellitus
8. Obesity
Congestive cardiac
failure
Heart failure is defined as the pathophysiologic
state in which impaired cardiac function is
unable to maintain an adequate circulation for
the metabolic needs of the body tissue.
The term Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) is used
for the chronic form of heart failure in which the
patient has evidence of congestion of peripheral
circulation and of lungs.
Etiology (cause)
1. Intrinsic Pump Failure –
a. Myocarditis
. b.Disorders of rhythm

2.Increased work load on the heart –


a. Systemic & pulmonary hypertension
b. Severe anaemia
c. Hypoxia due to lung disease

3.Impaired filling of cardiac chembers


Clinical examination
1.General inspection
2.Vitals-
•Blood pressure
•Heart rate
3.Inspection and palpitation
•Jugular vein pressure
•Oedema
•Auscultation of heart
4.Lung Sounds
Jugular vein pressure Peddal edema
Lab investigation
1. ECG 3.
2. Cardiac Biomarkers
a. Troponins
b. creatine kinase - MB tests

3. Other Blood Tests


. Lipid Profile
4. Stress Testing:
•Exersise stress test
•Pharmacologic stress test

5 Coronary Angiography
• Invasive coronary angiography

7. Cardiac CT and MRI:


•Crdiac CT Angiography (CTA)
•Cardiac MRI
Thank you!

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