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UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN

DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
PHY1013S
Physics B for Engineers
Final Examination
Monday 06 November 2023

Time: 150 min + 10 min reading time Total marks: 67

Full marks: 67
Examiner: Mr D. Geduld
Internal Examiner: Dr. T.W. Leadbeater
External Examiner: Dr P. Neethling

INSTRUCTIONS:

1. Complete your details at the top of the page.

2. Answer all questions in the spaces provided on the question paper neatly and legibly.

3. Use blank sheets on question paper for all calculations and/or rough work.

4. This exam paper comprises 16 pages of questions and 4 pages of constants and formulae.

5. The list of constants and formulae available on the last four (4) pages should be removed.

6. Prescribed calculators are allowed.

7. Use a pen to complete your answers.

8. Hand in your question paper at the end of the examination.

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Question 1
a. Can a charged particle move through a magnetic field without experiencing any force? If so,
how? If not, why not? [3]

b. An average human weighs approximately 650 N. If two average humans carry 1.0 C of
charge each, one positive and one negative, how far apart would they have to be for the
electric attraction between them to equal to the weight of one person? [3]

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Question 1…continued
c. A particle with charge 𝑄 = 5.00 𝜇C is located at the centre of a cube of edge 𝐿 = 0.100 m.
In addition, six other identical charged particles having 𝑞 = −1.00 𝜇C are positioned
symmetrically around 𝑄 as shown, i.e. at 𝐿/4. Determine the electric flux through the left
face of the cube. [3]

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Question 1…continued
d. The current in a 400 mH inductor varies with time as shown. On the axes provided, plot the
self-induced 𝑒𝑚𝑓 across the inductor as a function of time for 0 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 12 ms. Label your
solution by including the appropriate numerical values on the 𝑦-axis. [5]

𝑒𝑚𝑓 (V)

2 4 6 8 10 12 𝑡 (ms)

PHY1013S Exam 2023-drg Rev. 07

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Question 2
a. In the circuit shown, 𝐶1 = 6.00 𝜇F, 𝐶2 = 3.00 𝜇F, and ∆𝑉 = 20.0 V. Capacitor 𝐶1 is first
charged by closing switch S1 . S1 is then opened, and the charged capacitor is connected to
the uncharged capacitor by closing S2 . Calculate the final charge on each capacitor. [3]

b. A wire of length 𝑑 has a resistance of 𝑅. The wire is uniformly stretched to 4 times it’s
original length, maintaining constant volume. If a length 𝑑 is now cut from the stretched
wire, what is its resistance in terms of 𝑅? [2]

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Question 2…continued

c. Two long, parallel wires carry currents 𝐼1 = 3.00 A and 𝐼2 = 5.00 A in the directions
indicated in the diagram, i.e. both currents out of the page. Find the magnitude and
direction of the magnetic field at point 𝑃, located 𝑑 = 20.0 cm above the wire
carrying the 5.00 A current. [5]

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Question 3
For the circuit shown below,

a. Determine the equilibrium charge on the capacitor when it is fully charged as a function of
the unknown resistance 𝑅. [4]

b. Evaluate the equilibrium charge on the capacitor if 𝑅 = 10 Ω. [1]

PHY1013S Exam 2023-drg Rev. 07

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Question 3…continued

c. You are asked to construct a parallel-plate, air-gap capacitor that will store 100 kJ of energy.

i. What minimum volume of air is required between the plates of the capacitor? [3]

ii. Suppose you have developed a dielectric that can withstand 3.00 × 108 V/m. What
would the value of the dielectric constant be if the dielectric volume to store 100 kJ of
energy is 5.02 × 10−2 m3 ? [2]

PHY1013S Exam 2023-drg Rev. 07

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Question 4
a. A 10.0 MeV cosmic-ray proton in interstellar space executes a circular orbit due to the
galactic magnetic field having a radius equal to 5.80 × 1010 m. What is the magnitude of
the magnetic force 𝐵⃑ in that region of space? [3]

b. Point charges are arranged along the 𝑥 −axis as shown below. How much work is required
to move the charge −𝑄 from the origin to the point on the axis at 𝑥 = 2𝑎 along the semi-
circular path as indicated. [3]

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Question 4…continued
c. A square, single-turn wire loop with ℓ = 1.00 cm on a side is placed inside a solenoid that
has a circular cross section of radius 𝑟 = 3.00 cm. The solenoid is 20.0 cm long and wound
with 100 turns of wire.

i. If the current in the solenoid 3.00 A, what is the magnetic flux through the square
loop? [2]

ii. If the current in the solenoid is reduced to zero in 3.00 s, what is the magnitude of the
average 𝑒𝑚𝑓 induced in the square loop? [2]

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Question 4…continued

d. A short wire (ℓ = 30.0 cm long) is held parallel to and above (𝑑 = 80.0 cm) a long, thin
wire. The long thin wire is carrying 𝐼 = 200 A and fixed in position. The 30.0 cm wire is
released at 𝑡 = 0 s and falls under the influence of gravity, remaining parallel to the
current-carrying wire as it falls. What is the induced 𝑒𝑚𝑓 between the ends of the wire
0.300 s after the wire is released? [4]

PHY1013S Exam 2023-drg Rev. 07

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Question 5
a. In an engine, a piston oscillates with simple harmonic motion so that its position varies as
𝜋
𝑥(𝑡) = 5.00 cos (2𝑡 + 6 ), where 𝑥 is in centimetres and 𝑡 is in seconds. At 𝑡 = 0 s, find;
[3]

i. the position of the piston,

ii. the velocity of the piston,

iii. the acceleration of the piston,

iv. the period of the piston,

v. the amplitude of the motion, and

vi. the phase constant.

PHY1013S Exam 2023-drg Rev. 07

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Question 5…continued

b. A block of unknown mass is attached to a spring with a spring constant of 6.50 N/m and
undergoes simple harmonic motion on a frictionless horizontal surface with an amplitude of
10.0 cm. When the block is halfway between its equilibrium position and end point, its
speed is measured to be 30.0 cm/s. Determine the maximum acceleration of the block. [3]

PHY1013S Exam 2023-drg Rev. 07

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Question 5…continued
c. A piano string of length 74.0 cm forms a standing wave having two antinodes.

i. Which harmonic does the wave represent? [1]

ii. Determine the wavelength. [1]

iii. How many nodes are there in the wave pattern? Explain. [2]

PHY1013S Exam 2023-drg Rev. 07

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Question 5…continued
d. You are standing 2.5 m directly in front of one of the two loudspeakers shown in the
diagram. The loudspeakers are 3.0 m apart and both are playing a 686 Hz tone in phase. As
you walk directly away from the speaker, at what distances from the speaker do you hear a
y minimum sound intensity? [4]

PHY1013S Exam 2023-drg Rev. 07

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Question 5…continued

e. A vibrating C5 (512 Hz) tuning fork falls down a deep mineshaft. How far has it fallen by the
time a listener at the top of the shaft (ground level) hears a 460 Hz sound? The mine
temperature is a constant 20℃. [5]

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Physical constants and useful formulae

Speed of light c 3.00 × 108 m/s
Gravitational constant G 6.674 × 10−11 N ∙ ms /kg 2
Vacuum Permittivity 𝜖0 8.85 × 10−12 F/m
Vacuum Permeability 𝜇0 4𝜋 × 10−7 N/A2
Elementary charge 𝑒 1.602 × 10−19 C
Electron mass 𝑚𝑒 9.109 × 10−31 kg
Proton mass 𝑚𝑝 1.673 × 10−27 kg
Neutron mass 𝑚𝑛 1.675 × 10−27 kg
Avogadro constant 𝑁𝐴 6.022 × 1023 mol−1
Gas constant 𝑅 8.314 J/mol K
Acceleration due to gravity (Earth) g 9.80 m/s 2
Standard atmosphere atm 101325 Pa
Speed of sound in air (20°C) 𝑣𝑠 343 m/s
Dielectric strength for air 𝐸𝑚𝑎𝑥 3.00 × 106 V/m

1 𝑞1 𝑞2 1 𝑞
⃑𝑭𝑒 = 𝒓̂ ⃑𝑬 = 𝒓̂
4𝜋𝜖0 𝑟 2 4𝜋𝜖0 𝑟 2

1 𝜆
⃑𝑹=
𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐 𝑓𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑 (𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑦) 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ: 𝑬 𝒓̂
2𝜋𝜖0 𝑅

1 𝑄𝑥
⃑𝒙=
𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐 𝑓𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑 𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑑 𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔: 𝑬 𝒊̂
4𝜋𝜖0 (𝑥 2 + 𝑎2 )3⁄2

𝜂
𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐 𝑓𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑑 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑒: ⃑𝑬𝒙 = 𝒊̂ 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 > 0
2𝜖0

⃑𝑭𝑒 = 𝑞𝑬
⃑ ⃑ = 𝑞𝑠 (−→ +)
𝑑𝑖𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡: 𝒑 𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑛 𝑎 𝑑𝑖𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑒: 𝝉 = 𝑝𝐸 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃

𝑄 𝑄
𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦: 𝜆 = 𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦: 𝜂 =
𝐿 𝐴

𝑄
𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦: 𝜌 =
𝑉

𝑄𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐 𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑥: Φ𝑒 = 𝐸⃑ ∙ 𝐴 = 𝐸𝐴 cos 𝜃 𝐺𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑠 ′ 𝑠 𝑙𝑎𝑤: Φ𝑒 = ∮ 𝐸⃑ ∙ 𝑑𝐴 =
𝜖0

1 𝑞1 𝑞2 1 𝑞𝑖 𝑞𝑗
𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐 𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦: 𝑈 = 𝑈𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = ∑
4𝜋𝜖0 𝑟12 4𝜋𝜖0 𝑟𝑖𝑗
𝑖𝑗

1 𝑞 1 𝑞𝑖
𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐 𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙: 𝑉 = 𝑉𝑛𝑒𝑡 = ∑
4𝜋𝜖0 𝑟 4𝜋𝜖0 𝑟𝑖
𝑖

∆𝑈 = −𝑊 𝑈 = 𝑞𝑉 ∆𝑈 = 𝑈𝑓 − 𝑈𝑖 = 𝑞(𝑉𝑓 − 𝑉𝑖 )

𝑊 = 𝐹 ∙ 𝑟 = 𝐹𝑟 cos 𝜃 𝑊 = ∫ 𝐹 ∙ 𝑑𝑟 = ∫ 𝐹𝑑𝑟 cos 𝜃

𝜕𝑉
∆𝑉 = − ∫ ⃑𝑬 ∙ 𝑑𝒔
⃑ 𝐸𝒔 = −
𝜕𝑠

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𝑑𝑄
∑ 𝐼𝑖𝑛 = ∑ 𝐼𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑉𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑝 = ∑ ∆𝑉𝑖 = 0 𝐼=
𝑑𝑡

𝑉2
Δ𝑉 = 𝐼𝑅 𝑃 = 𝐼2 𝑅 𝑃=
𝑅

𝑙 𝐸 1
R=𝜌 𝜌= 𝜎=
𝐴 𝐽 𝜌

𝐼
𝐽 = ⃑⃑
𝐼 = ∫ 𝑱 ∙ 𝑑𝑨 𝑱 = (𝑛𝑒)𝑣𝑑
𝐴

1 1
𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑠: 𝑅𝑒𝑞 = ∑ 𝑅𝑖 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑙: =∑
𝑅𝑒𝑞 𝑅𝑖
𝑖 𝑖

1 1
𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑙: 𝐶𝑒𝑞 = ∑ 𝐶𝑖 𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑠: =∑
𝐶𝑒𝑞 𝐶𝑖
𝑖 𝑖

𝑄 𝐴 𝑎𝑏
𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑙 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑜𝑟: 𝐶 = = 𝜖0 𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑜𝑟: 𝐶 = 4𝜋𝜖0
∆𝑉 𝑑 𝑏−𝑎

𝑖𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒: 𝐶 = 4𝜋𝜖0 𝑎

𝑡 𝑡
discharging: Q(t) = 𝑄0 𝑒 −𝑅𝐶 I(t) = 𝐼0 𝑒 −𝑅𝐶

𝑡
charging: Q(t) = 𝑄𝑚𝑎𝑥 (1 − 𝑒 −𝑅𝐶 )

1 𝜖0 2
𝑈𝐶 = 𝐶(∆𝑉)2 𝑢𝐸 = 𝐸
2 2

∆𝑉0⁄ 𝐴 𝐸0
∆𝑉 = 𝜅 𝐶 = 𝜅𝐶0 = 𝜅𝜖0 𝐸= 𝜂𝑖 = 𝜂(1 − 1⁄𝜅)
𝑑 𝜅

𝜇0 𝑞𝑣 × 𝑟̂ 𝜇0 𝐼
⃑B = 𝐵𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑙𝑦 𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔 𝑤𝑖𝑟𝑒 =
4𝜋 𝑟 2 2𝜋 𝑑

𝜇0 𝐼𝑅2 𝜇0 𝐼
𝐵𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑝 (𝑧) = B𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑝 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 =
2 (𝑧 2 + 𝑅2 )3⁄2 2𝑅

𝜑 𝜇0 𝐼 𝜇0 𝑁𝐼
B𝑎𝑟𝑐 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 = B𝑐𝑜𝑖𝑙 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 =
2𝜋 2𝑅 2𝑅

𝜇0 𝑁𝐼
⃑ ∙ 𝑑𝑠 = 𝜇0 𝐼𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑔ℎ
𝐴𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑒 ′ 𝑠 𝐿𝑎𝑤: ∮ 𝐵 𝐵𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑖𝑑 = = 𝜇0 𝑛𝐼
𝑙

𝐸
⃑𝑭𝒎 = 𝑞𝒗 ⃑⃑
⃑ ×𝑩 𝑣= ∆𝑉𝐻 = 𝐸𝑑
𝐵

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𝑚𝑣 2𝜋𝑚 1
𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑜𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑛 𝑚𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛: 𝑟𝑐 = 𝑇= 𝑓=
𝑞𝐵 𝑞𝐵 𝑇

𝜇0 𝑙𝐼1 𝐼2
⃑𝑭𝑤𝑖𝑟𝑒 = 𝐼𝒍 × 𝑩
⃑⃑ ⃑ =𝝁
𝝉 ⃑⃑
⃑ ×𝑩 𝑒𝑚𝑓 = 𝜖 = 𝑣𝐵𝑙 𝐹=
2𝜋 𝑑

⃑ ∙𝐴
Φ𝐵 = 𝐵 ⃑ ∙ 𝑑𝐴
Φ𝐵 = ∫ 𝐵 ⃑ ∙ 𝑑𝐴 = 0
𝐺𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑠 ′ 𝑠 𝑙𝑎𝑤: Φ𝐵 = ∮ 𝐵

𝑑Φ𝐵 𝑑Φ𝐵 𝑑Φ𝐵

ℇ=− ℇ = −𝑁 ∮ 𝐸⃑ ∙ 𝑑𝑠 = −
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡

Φ𝐵 𝑑𝐼
𝐿=𝑁 ℇ𝐿 = −𝐿
𝐼 𝑑𝑡
𝑅𝑡 ℇ −𝑅𝑡 𝑅𝑡 ℇ 𝑅𝑡
I(t) = 𝐼0 𝑒 − 𝐿 = 𝑒 𝐿 I(t) = 𝐼0 (1 − 𝑒 − 𝐿 ) = (1 − 𝑒 − 𝐿 )
𝑅 𝑅

1 2 𝐵2
𝑈𝐵 = 𝐿𝐼 𝑢𝐵 =
2 2𝜇0

𝑑2𝑥 𝑘 𝑘
=− 𝑥 𝑥(𝑡) = 𝐴 cos(𝜔𝑡 + 𝜙0 ) 𝜔 = 2𝜋𝑓 = √
𝑑𝑡 2 𝑚 𝑚

1 1 1
𝐸 = 𝑘𝑥 2 𝐸= 𝑚𝑣 2 + 𝑘𝐴2
2 2 2
2𝜋 1 1
𝑦(𝑡) = 𝐴 cos(𝜔𝑡 + 𝜙) 𝜔= = 2𝜋𝑓 𝑓= 𝜆𝑓 = 𝜐 𝑈 = 𝑘𝐴2
𝑇 𝑇 2

𝑘 𝑙
𝑠𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔: 𝜔=√ 𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑢𝑚: 𝑇 = 2𝜋 √
𝑚 𝑔

𝑑 2 𝑥 𝑏 𝑑𝑥 𝑘 𝑏𝑡⁄ 𝑘 𝑏2
𝑑𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑠𝑐𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟: + + 𝑥=0 𝑥(𝑡) = 𝐴𝑒 − 2𝑚 cos(𝜔𝑡 + 𝜙0 ) 𝜔=√ −
𝑑𝑡 2 𝑚 𝑑𝑡 𝑚 𝑚 4𝑚2

𝑡
𝐸(𝑡) = 𝐸0 𝑒 − ⁄𝜏 𝜏 = 𝑚⁄𝑏

2𝜋 𝑇𝑠
𝐷(𝑥, 𝑡) = 𝐴 sin(𝑘𝑥 ± 𝜔𝑡 + 𝜙0 ) 𝑘= 𝜔 = 𝑣𝑘 𝑣=√
𝜆 𝜇

𝐼 𝑊 𝑣 ± 𝑣𝐷
𝐼 = 𝑃⁄𝐴 𝛽 = 10 log ( ) 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝐼0 = 10−12 2 𝑓 = 𝑓0
𝐼0 𝑚 𝑣 ± 𝑣𝑆

PHY1013S Exam 2023-drg Rev. 07

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𝐷(𝑥, 𝑡) = 𝐴(𝑥) cos(𝜔𝑡) 𝐴(𝑥) = 2𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑘𝑥)

𝜆 𝜆
𝑥𝑚 = 𝑚 𝑚 = 0, 1, 2, … 𝑥𝑚 = 𝑚 𝑚 = 1, 3, 5, …
2 4

2𝐿 𝑚
𝜆𝑚 = 𝑚 = 1, 2, 3 … 𝑓𝑚 = 𝑣 𝑚 = 1, 2, 3, …
𝑚 2𝐿

4𝐿 𝑚
𝜆𝑚 = 𝑚 = 1, 3, 5 … 𝑓𝑚 = 𝑣 𝑚 = 1, 3, 5, …
𝑚 4𝐿

𝑓1 = Δ𝑓 = 𝑓𝑚+1 − 𝑓𝑚

∆𝜙
𝐷(𝑥, 𝑡) = [2𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( )] 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑘𝑥𝑎𝑣𝑔 ± 𝜔𝑡 + (𝜙0 )𝑎𝑣𝑔 )
2

(𝑥1 + 𝑥2 ) (𝜙10 + 𝜙20 )

𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 … 𝑥𝑎𝑣𝑔 = 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (𝜙0 )𝑎𝑣𝑔 =
2 2

𝛥𝑟
𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒: 𝛥𝜙 = 2𝜋 + 𝛥𝜙0 = 𝑚(2𝜋) rad 𝑚 = 0, 1, 2, …
𝜆

𝛥𝑟 1
𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒: 𝛥𝜙 = 2𝜋 + 𝛥𝜙0 = (𝑚 + 2) (2𝜋) rad 𝑚 = 0, 1, 2, …
𝜆

1 1
𝐷(𝑥, 𝑡) = 2𝑎 cos(𝜔𝑚𝑜𝑑 𝑡) 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜔𝑎𝑣𝑔 𝑡) 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 … 𝜔𝑎𝑣𝑔 = 2(𝜔1 +𝜔2 ) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝜔𝑚𝑜𝑑 = 2|𝜔1 −𝜔2 |

𝑓beat = |𝑓1 − 𝑓2 |

PHY1013S Exam 2023-drg Rev. 07