Class - 12

Chapter -1 ( solutions)
MCQs
Q1) Which of the following solutions shows
positive deviation from Raoult’s law?
(a) Acetone + Aniline
(b) Acetone + Ethanol
(c) Water + Nitric acid
(d) Chloroform + Benzene

Q2)The law which indicates the relationship between solubility of a gas in liquid and pressure is
(a) Raoult’s law
(b) Henry’s law
(c) Lowering of vapour pressure
(d) Van’t Hoff law

Q3)A plant cell shrinks when it is kept in a

(a) hypotonic solution
(b) hypertonic solution
(c) isotonic solution
(d) pure water

Q4) Which has the lowest boiling point at 1 atm pressure?

(a) 0.1 M KCl
(b) 0.1 M Urea
(c) 0.1 M CaCl2
(d) 0.1 M AlCl3

Q5)Osmotic pressure of a solution is 0.0821 atm at a temperature of 300 K. The concentration

in moles/litre will be
(a) 0.33
(b) 0.666
(c) 0.3 × 10-2
(d) 3

Q6) The van’t Hoff factor (i) accounts for

(a) degree of solubilisation of solute.
(b) the extent of dissociation of solute.
(c) the extent of dissolution of solute.
(d) the degree of decomposition of solution.
Q7) KH value for Ar(g), CO2(g), HCHO(g) and CH4(g) are 4.039, 1.67, 1.83 x 10.5, and 0.143,
respectively. Arrange these gases
in the order of their increasing solubility
(A) HCHO < CH4 < CO2< Ar
(B) HCHO < CO2 < CH4 < Ar
(C) Ar < CO2 < CH4 < HCHO
(D) Ar < CH4 < C02 < HCHO

Q8) The unit of ebullioscopic constant is :

(A) K kg mol-1
(B) mol kg-1 K-1
(C) kg mol-1 K-1
(D) K mol kg-1

Q9) When a non volatile solid is added to pure water it will:

(A) boil above 100°C and freeze above 0°C
(B) boil below 100°C and freeze above 0°C
(C) boil above 100°C and freeze below 0°C
(D) boil below 100°C and freeze below 0°C

Q10) What will be the degree of dissociation of 0.1 M Mg(NO3)2 solution if van’t Hoff factor is
2.74?

A) 75% B) 100% C) 92% D) 87%

Q11) . Which of the following units is useful in relating concentration of solution with its vapour
pressure? (a) Mole fraction (b) Parts per million (c) Mass percentage (d) Molality

Q12)The van't Hoff factor [i] for a dilute aqueous solution of the strong electrolyte barium
hydroxide is? (a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3

Q13) . If a mixture of A and B boils at a temperature lower than the boiling point of either of the
components, what kind of deviation does the mixture show?

a) No deviation

b) Maximum and minimum deviation from Raoult’s law

c) Negative deviation from Raoult’s law

d) Positive deviation from Raoult’s law

Q14) A 5% solution of cane-sugar (molecular weight = 342) is isotonic with 1% solution of

substance A. The molecular weight of X is
(a) 342
(b) 171.2
(c) 68.4
(d) 136.8

Q15) Henry’s law constant for molality of methane in benzene at 298 K is 4.27 × 105 mm Hg.
The mole fraction of methane in benzene at 298 K under 760 mm Hg is
(a) 1.78 × 10-3
(b) 17.43
(c) 0.114
(d) 2.814

Q16) What weight of glycerol should be added to 600 g of water in order to lower its freezing
point by 10°C ?
(a) 496 g
(b) 297 g
(c) 310 g
(d) 426 g

Q17) The system that forms maximum boiling azeotropes is

(a) Acetone-chloroform
(b) ethanol-acetone
(c) n-hexane-n-heptane
(d) carbon disulphide-acetone

Q18) Which of the following solutions have highest freezing point?

(a) 0.1 M NaCl
(b) 0.1 M BaCl2
(c) 0.1 M Al2 (SO4)3
(d) 0.1 M urea.

Q19) The molal freezing point constant for water is 1.86° CM. The freezing point of 0.1 m NaCl
solution is expected to be
(a) 13.6
(b) 68
(c) 34
(d) 136

Q20) In case of electrolyte which dissociates in solution the Van’t Hoff’s factor, i is
(a) > 1
(b) < 1
(c) = 1
(d) = 0
Q21) The vapour pressure of the two liquids ‘P’ and ‘Q’ are 80 and 60 torr respectively. The total
vapour pressure of the solution obtained by mixing 3 mol of P and 2 mole of Q would be
(a) 68 torr
(b) 140 torr
(c) 72 torr
(d) 20 torr

Q22) Which of the following salt will have same value of Vant Hoff’s factor (i) as that of K4[Fe
(CN)6]
(a) Al2(SO4)3
(b) NaCl
(c) Al(NO3)3
(d) Na2SO4

Q23) Isotonic solution are the solutions having the same.

(a) surface tension
(b) concentration
(c) osmotic pressure
(d) viscosity

Q24)The mass of (COOH)2. 2H2O needed to prepare 500 ml of 0.1 molar solution is
(a) 12.6 gm
(b) 6.3 gm
(c) 4.5 gm
(d) 9.0 gm

Q25) Which of the following solutions has highest osmotic pressure?

(a) 1 M NaCl
(b) 1 M MgCl2
(c) 1 M urea
(d) 1M glucose.

Case- Based MCQs

Q26) Read the passage given below and answer the following questions:

The properties of the solutions which depend only on the number of solute particles but not on
the nature of the solute are called colligative properties. Relative lowering in vapour pressure is
also an example ofcolligative properties.

For an experiment, sugar solution is prepared for which lowering in vapour pressure was found
to be 0.061 mm of Hg. (Vapour pressure of water at 200C is 17.5 mm of Hg)
The following questions are multiple choice questions. Choose the most appropriate answer:

(i) Relative lowering of vapour pressure for the given solution is

(a) 0.00348
(b) 0.061
(c) 0.122
(d) 1.75

(ii) The vapour pressure (mm of Hg) of solution will be

(a) 17.5
(b) 0.61
(c) 17.439
(d) 0.00348

(iii) Mole fraction of sugar in the solution is

(a) 0.00348
(b) 0.9965
(c) 0.061
(d) 1.75

or

If weight of sugar taken is 5 g in 108 g of water then molar mass of sugar will be
(a) 358
(b) 120
(c) 240
(d) 400

(iv) The vapour pressure (mm of Hg) of water at 293K when 25g of glucose is dissolved in 450 g
of water is
(a) 17.2
(b) 17.4
(c) 17.120
(d) 17.02

Q27) Directions- While answering these questions, you are required to choose any one of the
following four responses.
(a) If both Assertion and Reason are correct and the Reason is a correct explanation of the
Assertion.
(b) If both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not a correct explanation of the
Assertion.
(c) If the Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
(d) If both the Assertion and Reason are incorrect.

Q.1. Assertion : Molarity of a solution in liquid state changes with temperature.

Reason : The volume of a solution changes with change in temperature.

Q.2. Assertion : If a liquid solute more volatile than the solvent is added to the solvent, the
vapour pressure of the solution may increase i.e., ps > po.
Reason : In the presence of a more volatile liquid solute, only the solute will form the vapours
and solvent will not.

Q.3. Assertion : If one component of a solution obeys Raoult’s law over a certain range of
composition, the other component will not obey Henry’s law in that range.
Reason : Raoult’s law is a special case of Henry’s law.

Q.4. Assertion : Azeotropic mixtures are formed only by non-ideal solutions and they may
have boiling points either greater than both the components or less than both the components.
Reason : The composition of the vapour phase is same as that of the liquid phase of an
azeotropic mixture.

Q.5. Assertion : When methyl alcohol is added to water, boiling point of water increases.
Reason : When a volatile solute is added to a volatile solvent elevation in boiling point is
observed.

Q.6. Assertion : When NaCl is added to water a depression in freezing point is observed.
Reason : The lowering of vapour pressure of a solution causes depression in the freezing
point.

Q.7. Assertion : When a solution is separated from the pure solvent by a semi- permeable
membrane, the solvent molecules pass through it from pure solvent side to the solution side
Reason : Diffusion of solvent occurs from a region of high concentration solution to a region of
low concentration solution.

Short answer type questions-

Q28) Vapour pressure of water at 293 K is 17.535 mm Hg. Calculate the vapour pressure of
water at 293 K when 25 g of glucose is dissolved in 450 g of water.

Q29) write the three differences between ideal and non- ideal solution .
Q30) Define-
A) Azeotropes
B) Abnormal molar mass
C) Van't Hoff factor

Q31)
(i) Write the colligative property which is used to find the molecular mass of macromolecules.
(ii) In non-ideal solution, what type of deviation shows the formation of minimum boiling
azeotropes?

iii) A and B liquids on mixing produce a warm solution. Which type of deviation from Raoult’s law
is there?

Q32) State Raoult’s law for a solution containing volatile components. Write two characteristics
of the solution which obeys Raoult’s law at all concentration.

Q33) Out of 1 M glucose and 2 M glucose, which one has a higher boiling point and why?
(b) What happens when the external pressure applied becomes more than the osmotic pressure
of solution?

Q34) Calculate the boiling point of solution when 2 g of Na2SO4 (M = 142 g mol-1) was
dissolved in 50 g of water, assuming Na2SO4 undergoes complete ionization. (Kb for water =
0.52 K kg mol-1) [Delhi Al 2016)

Q35) i) A solution of chloroform and acetone is an example of maximum boiling azeotrope.

Why?

ii) Blood cells are isotonic with 0.9% sodium chloride solution. What happens if we place blood
cells in a solution containing
(a) 1.2% sodium chloride solution?
(b) 0.4% sodium chloride solution?

iii) Calculate the amount of KCI which must be added to 1 kg of water so that the freezing point
is depressed by 2 K. (Kf for water = 1.86 K kg mol-1)

Q36) 3.9 g of benzoic acid dissolved in 49 g of benzene shows a depression in freezing point of
1.62 K. Calculate the van’t Hoff factor and predict the nature of solute (associated or
dissociated).
(Given: Molar mass of benzoic acid = 122 g mol-1, Kf for benzene = 4.9 K kg mol-1)

Long answer type questions-

Q37) i) A solution of glucose (C6H12O6) in water is labelled as 10% by weight. What would be
the molality of the solution?

ii) Define :- Ebullioscopic constant

Colligative properties

Q38) i) Why do gases nearly always tend to be less soluble in liquids as the temperature is
raised?

ii) How is the vapour pressure of a solvent affected when a non-volatile solute is dissolved in it?

iii) state Henry's law . why aquatic species are more comfortable in cold water rather than warm
water?

iv) On mixing liquid X and liquid Y, volume of the resulting solution decreases. What type of
deviation from Raoult’s law is shown by the resulting solution? What change in temperature
would you observe after mixing liquids X and Y?

Q39) (a) A 10% solution (by mass) of sucrose in water has a freezing point of 269.15 K.
Calculate the freezing point of 10% glucose in water if the freezing point of pure water is 273.15
K.