(Established under Haryana Private University Act, 2006 as amended by Act No.

8 of

2013) Electrical & Electronics Engineering DepartmentLAB MANUAL

ELECTRIC DRIVE AND

RENEWABLE ENERGY
(21EE0407)

Faculty Incharge: Mr. Dharmendra Kumar

Name of Student : G.PRAMOD

Course : B.TECH
Branch : Electrical & Electronics
Engineering Registration No. : 10521210002
1
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that G.PRAMOD with Registration No: 10521210002 has

satisfactorily completed the ELECTRIC DRIVE AND RENEWABLE
ENERGY Laboratory experiments.

Faculty Incharge External Examiner

2
SRM UNIVERSITY DELHI-NCR, SONEPAT (HARYANA)VISION
SRM University Haryana aims to emerge as a leading World Class Institution that
creates and disseminates knowledge upholding the highest standards of instruction in
Engineering & Technology, Science & Humanities, Commerce, Management, Hotel
Management & Medicine & Health Science. Along with academic excellence, our
curriculum imparts integrity and social sensitivity so that our graduates may best serve
the Nation and the World.
MISSION

1. To create a diverse community campus that inspires freedom and innovation.

2. Strengthen excellence in educational & skill development processes.

3. Continue to build productive international alliances.

4. Explore optimal development opportunities available to students and faculty.

5. Cultivate an exciting and rigorous research environment.

3
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

VISION
To be a knowledge center for Electrical and Electronics Engineering fraternity
committed to excellence in Research & Development and teaching at par with the best
academic institutions in country and abroad.
MISSION
➢ To Enable the students to apply the fundamental engineering analysis skills in all
areas pertaining to Electrical and Electronics engineering.

➢ To Empower the students with engineering problem solving skills, which enable the
students to formulate and apply appropriate techniques, resources to solve complex
electrical and electronics engineering problems

➢ To Evolve appropriate sustainable technologies for real time industrial and domestic
needs through cutting edge research and consultancy.

4
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEOs)
➢ To produce competent electrical and Electronics engineering graduates with a strong foundation
design, analytics and problem-solving skills for successful professional careers in industry, research and
public service.
➢ To provide a stimulating research environment so as to motivate the students for higher studies and
innovation in the specific and allied domains of electrical engineering.
➢ To produce electrical Power Systems post graduates, who are employable in public and private
industries/ Institutes/Organization, or pursue higher education.

PROGRAM OUTCOMES (POs)

Engineering Graduates will be able to:
➢ Engineering Knowledge: Apply the knowledge of mathematics, science, electrical engineering
fundamentals, and an electrical engineering specialization to the solution of complex electrical engineering
problems.

5
➢ Problem Analysis: Identify, formulate, review research literature, and analyze complex electrical
engineering problems reaching substantiated conclusions using first principles of mathematics, natural
sciences, and engineering sciences.
➢ Design/development of Solutions: Design solutions for complex electrical engineering problems and
design system components or processes that meet the specified needs with appropriate consideration for the
public health and safety, and the cultural, societal, and environmental considerations.
➢ Conduct investigations of complex problems: Use research-based knowledge and research methods
including design of experiments, analysis and interpretation of data, and synthesis of the information to
provide valid conclusions.
➢ Modern tool usage: Create, select, and apply appropriate techniques, resources, and modern engineering
and IT tools including prediction and modelling to complex electrical engineering activities with an
understanding of the limitations.
➢ The engineer and society: Apply reasoning informed by the contextual knowledge to assess societal,
health, safety, legal and cultural issues and the consequent responsibilities relevant to the professional
engineering practice.
➢ Environment and sustainability: Understand the impact of the professional electrical engineering
solutions in societal and environmental contexts, and demonstrate the knowledge of, and need for
sustainable development.
➢ Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and responsibilities and norms of the
engineering practice.
➢ Individual and team work: Function effectively as an individual, and as a member or leader in diverse
teams, and in multidisciplinary settings.
➢ Communication: Communicate effectively on complex engineering activities with the engineering
community and with society at large, such as, being able to comprehend and write effective reports and
design documentation, make effective presentations, and give and receive clear instructions.
➢ Project management and finance: Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the engineering and
management principles and apply these to one’s own work, as a member and leader in a team, to manage
projects and in multidisciplinary environments.
➢ Life-long learning: Recognize the need for, and have the preparation and ability to engage in
independent and life-long learning in the broadest context of technological change.

6
Program Specific Outcomes (PSOs)
➢ To impart State-of-Art knowledge in the field of Electrical Engineering and hand on application based
practical training with regular Academic and Industry interaction.

➢ To incorporate research environment and innovation projects towards assimilation of global technology
in order to meet needs of automation and articulate a higher education system of ethics and mind set for a
realistic education.

7
 List of Experiments
S.No Title of
Experiment
1 To Study the simulation of Single Phase semi converter with R and RL Load using Simulink.

2 Study of Single Phase Bridge Controlled Rectifier with R and RL load

3 Study of Three Phase Semi-Converter with R and RL load

4 Study of Three Phase Full Bridge Converter with R and RL load

5 Study of Si solar cell using MATLAB simulation

6 study of wind turbine in matlab

7 Study of hydro power plant in matlab

8 Study of hydro power plant in matlab

8
 Experiment 1

Study of Single Phase Half Wave Controlled Rectifier with R and

RL Load
Objective: To Study the simulation of Single Phase Half Wave Controlled Rectifier with R and RL
Load using Simulink. Software Needed: Matlab R2013a.

Circuit Diagram:

Single Phase Half Wave Controlled Rectifier with R and RL Load

Theory: Single-phase half wave controlled rectifier means that the single SCR is used to convert the
ac to dc. During the positive half cycle of the input voltage, thyristor T1 is forward biased and current
flows through the load when the thyristor is fired, at ԝt=α. The thyristor conducts only when the anode
is positive with respect to cathode and a positive gate signal is applied, otherwise, it remains in the
forward blocking state and blocks the flow of the load current. In the negative half cycle, i.e., at wt =π,
the thyristor is in the reverse biased condition and no current flows through the load. Thus, varying the
firing angle at which the thyristor starts conducting in positive half controls the average dc output
voltage cycle. The waveforms of the above circuit are shown in fig the output load voltage and current
is positive, i.e., they are one quadrant; it is called a half –wave semi converter.

Procedure:
1. Connect the Circuit as shown in circuit diagram.
2. Give the firing angle from pulse generator to generate suitable pulses.
3. Observe output voltage, current and thyristor voltages from the simuink model.
4. From display values note down the average and rms values of voltage and current .
5. Compare theoretical and practical values where both calculated and theoretical values must be same.

9
Observation table:

R load:

10
11
12
13
14
 Experiment 2
Study of Single Phase semi converter with R and RL Load
Objective: To Study the simulation of Single Phase semi converter with R and RL Load using
Simulink.

Software Needed: Matlab R2013

Circuit Diagram

Single Phase semi converter with R and RL Load

Theory: In this configuration two thyristors are replaced by power diodes and can be connected
in either arm of the bridge. Depending on the connections, these are further classified as

1. Symmetrical

2. Asymmetrical

Symmetrical configuration is in two types

1. Common cathode

2. Common anode

Out of these configurations, the common cathode symmetrical configuration is the most commonly
used configuration, because a single trigger can be used to fire both thyristors without any electrically
isolation. During the positive half cycle, when thyristor T1 is triggered, the load currents flows through
T1 and the diode D2 in the circuit shown in figure. During the negative half –cycle, the thyristor T2 and
the diode D1 constitute the load current.

15
Procedure:
1. Connect the Circuit as shown in circuit diagram.

2. Give the firing angle from pulse generator to generate suitable pulses.

3. Observe output voltage, current and thyristor voltages from the simuink model.

4. From display values note down the average and rms values of voltage and current .

5. Compare theoretical and practical values where both calculated and theoretical values must be same.

16
17
18
Result: Simulation of Single Phase Semi-Converter with R and RL load is done successfully and the
theoretical and practical results are verified

19
 Experiment 3

Study of Single Phase Bridge Controlled Rectifier with R and RL load

Objective: To Study the simulation of Single Phase Bridge Controlled Rectifier with R
and RL Load using Simulink.

Software Needed: Matlab R2013

. Circuit Diagram:

Single Phase Bridge Controlled Rectifier with R and RL load

Theory: A single-phase fully controlled bridge circuit consists of four thyristor as shown in figure,
with a resistive load. During the positive half cycle thyristors T1and T2 are in the forward blocking
state and when these thyristors fire simultaneously at wt =α , the load is connected to the input through
T1 and T2. During negative half cycle i.e., after wt =π , thyristor T3 and T4 are in the forward
blocking state, and simultaneous firing of these thyristors reverse biases the previously conducting
thyristors T1 and T2. These reverse biased thyristors turn off due to line or natural commutation and
the load current transfers from T1and T2 to T3 and T4.

Procedure:
1. Connect the Circuit as shown in circuit diagram

2. Give the firing angle from pulse generator to generate suitable pulses.

3. Observe output voltage, current and thyristor voltages from the simuink model.

4. From display values note down the average and rms values of voltage and current .

5. Compare theoretical and practical values where both calculated and theoretical values must be same

20
21
22
23
24
25
Result: Simulation of Single Phase successfully and the theoretical and practical results are
verified. Single Phase Bridge Controlled Rectifier with R and RL load is done

26
 Experiment 4

Study of Three Phase Semi-Converter with R and RL load

Objective: To Study the simulation of Three Phase Semi-Converter with R and RL Load using
Simulink.

Software Needed: Matlab R2013

Circuit Diagram:

Theory: The circuit of three phase semi-converter consists of three SCRs and three diodes. The
circuit diagram of three phase semi converter is shown in Figure. The output load voltage Vo across the
load terminals is controlled by varying the firing angles of SCRs T1, T2 and T3. The diodes D1, D2 and
D3 provide merely a return path for the current to the most negative line terminal. For a firing angle
delay of α=0 thyristors T1, T2, T3 would behave as diodes and the output voltage of semi-converter
would be symmetrical six pulse per cycle .The output voltage consisting of pulses Vcb, Vab, Vac, Vbc.
When the firing angle is delayed to α=15 SCRs T1, T2, T3 is delayed but return diodes D1, D2, D3
remain unaffected so that only alternate pulses are altered. The load current is continuous and has little
ripple. The FD does not come into play for α=15. Each SCR and diode conduct for 120 degree. Vcb is
the load voltage from wt =0 to 60 . As the first subscript indicates conducting element in the positive
group, Vcb shows that T3 is already conducting through diode B2 of negative group. Voltages Vab,
Vac indicate that, according to the first subscript, T1 conducts for 120 and it begins to conduct at t =60
for t =0 Similarly, Vbc, Vba indicate that T2 conducts for 120 and it begins to conduct at t =180 for
α=0
. An SCR with zero degree firing angle behaves like a simple diode. Thus, per the definition of firing
angle, it should be measured from wt =60 for T1, from wt =180 for T2, from wt =300 for T3 and so on.
For wt =60 , figure The thyristor are fired so that current returns through one diode during each 120
conduction period. For voltage Vac, T1 and D3 conduct simultaneously for 120 Similarly, other
elements conduct. FD does not come into play even for α = wt =60 . Further note that vltage pulses
Vab, Vbc, Vca do not appear in the output voltage waveform for α=60 . It will be seen that for α greater
than or equal to 60 , voltage pulses Vab, Vbc, Vca are eliminated. The load current, assumed continous
for α
= 60 is not shown. For firing angle delay of 90 , voltage and current waveformare shown in figure The
output voltage Vo is discontinous. As Vo made up of Vcb, Vac, Vba, Vcb., tends to become negative at
27
t =120 , 240 , 360 , FD gets forward biased. Therefore, for each periodic cycle of 120 , output voltage is
equal to line voltage for only 90 and for the remaining 30 , when FD conducts, Vo =0. For α=90 ,

28
conduction angle of SCRs and diodes is seen to be less than 1n 120 for every output pulse. In other
words, conduction angle for both positive and negative group elements is 90 and for the remaining 30 ,
current completes its path through FD .For α=90 voltage pulses Vab, Vbc, Vca are absent from output
voltage Vo for this firing angle as well. Without FD, after load voltage Vo reaches Zero, a diode from
negative group would begin to conduct reducing Vo to zero till next SCR in sequence is triggered. For
example, at wt =120 , Vo= Vcb =0 and without FD, D3 from negative group would start conducting
through T3 from t =120 to t =150 when SCR T1 is gated. This means that without FD, T3 would
conduct for 120 from t =30 to 150 , D2 for 90 from t =30 to t =120 and D3 for 30 from t =120 to t =150
for this periodic cycle of 120 extending from t =30 to t =150 . For firing angle delay of 120 .The load
current is now assumed discontinuous. For each periodic cycle of 120 , Vo is seen to have three
components. When an SCR is gated, thyristor and diode conduct for 60 only. As Vo reaches zero and
tends to become negative, FD gets forward biased and therefore starts conducting for some angle and
holds the load voltage to zero. When all the energy stored n inductance is dischared, FD stops
conducting and as a result, load voltage rises to load counter emf E. When Vo=E, none of the elements
of semicoverter bridge is conducting, this is indicated by 0, 0 in figure It may be seen fromabove that
in a three phase semi-convert

Procedure:
1. Connect the Circuit as shown in circuit diagram.

2. Give the firing angle from pulse generator to generate suitable pulses.

3. Observe output voltage, current and thyristor voltages from the simuink model.

4. From display values note down the average and rms values of voltage and current

.5. Compare theoretical and practical values where both calculated and theoretical values must be same.

29
30
31
32
33
 Experiment 5

Study of Three Phase Full Bridge Converter with R and RL load

Objective: To Study the simulation of Three Phase Full Bridge Converter with R and RL Load
using Simulink.

Software Needed: Matlab R2013

Circuit Diagram

Three Phase Full Bridge Converter with R and RL load

Theory: For any current to flow in the load at least one device from the top group (T1, T3, T5) and
one from the bottom group (T2, T4, T6) must conduct. It can be argued as in the case of an
uncontrolled converter only one device from these two groups will conduct. Then from symmetry
consideration it can be argued that each thyristor conducts for 120° of the input cycle. Now the
thyristors are fired in the sequence T1 → T2 → T3 → T4 → T5 → T6 → T1 with 60° interval between
each firing. Therefore thyristors on the same phase leg are fired at an interval of 180° and hence can not
conduct simultaneously. This leaves only six possible conduction mode for the converter in the
continuous conduction mode of operation. These are T1T2, T2T3, T3T4, T4T5, T5T6, T6T1. Each
conduction mode is of 60° duration and appears in the sequence mentioned. Each of these line voltages
can be associated with the firing of a thyristor. For example the thyristor T1 is fired at the end of T5T6
conduction interval. During this period the voltage across T1 was vac. Therefore T1 is fired α angle
after the positive going zero crossing of vac. Similar observation can be made about other thyristors. If
the converter firing angle is α each thyristor is fired “α” angle after the positive going zero crossing of
the line voltage with which it’s firing is associated. Once the conduction diagram is drawn all other
34
voltage waveforms can be drawn from the line voltage waveforms Similarly line currents can be
drawn from the output current and the conduction diagram. It is clear from the waveforms that out

Procedure:
1. Connect the Circuit as shown in circuit diagram.

2. Give the firing angle from pulse generator to generate suitable pulses.

3. Observe output voltage, current and thyristor voltages from the simuink model.

4. From display values note down the average and rms values of voltage and current .

5. Compare theoretical and practical values where both calculated and theoretical values

35
36
37
38
Result: Simulation of Three phase full bridge converter and the theoretical and practical results are
verified. Three phase full bridge converter with R and RL load is done successfully

39
 Experiment 6
Study of Si solar cell using MATLAB simulation

Objective: To Study of si solar cell using MATLAB simulation

Software Needed: Matlab R2013

Circuit Diagram

Block diagram of the solar cell model used in Matlab/Simulink software

40
THEORY The modelling of a solar cell can be best described by its conventional
equivalent circuit model. The different parameters of the equivalent circuit model
(Fig. 1) are then calculated as a function of the input parameters.
The performance parameters of a solar cell are dependent on these parameters.
Our objective of this work was to simulate a p-n solar cell and observe the change
in quality parameters (short circuit current, open circuit voltage, fill factor and
efficiency) as we vary the input design parameters (career concentration, junction
depth, area) and the environmental change (temperature). The result of the
simulation was compared with the laboratory experimental result to validate the
simulation model. MATLAB software was used for computation and simulation.
Different theoretical and experimental works over the last sixty years were
considered to compute the values of different intermediate parameters (life time,
mobility, conductivity, attenuation etc.) as a function of input parameters. The
best suitable model has been proposed collating the different and non-
complimentary studies and varied formulae to match with empirical results.
In recent past there are some notable works which attempt to develop suitable
MATLAB SIMULINK model for PV modules. Patel et al had developed a model to
intervene the effects of temperature and solar irradiance on PV cell [1].
Bhuvaneswari et al compared three different models and showed that the
accuracy and dynamic response are mutually exclusive

Procedure:
 Simulating solar panels

You can simulate solar panels by:

1. Opening MATLAB

2. Constructing photovoltaic modules

3. Applying partial shading

 Analyzing shading effects

You can analyze shading effects in a solar plant or module by:

1. Creating a solar plant block using Simscape language

2. Setting the values of the Irradiance and Temperature parameters

 Modeling hybrid solar panels

You can model hybrid solar panels by:

1. Using blocks from the Simscape™ Foundation™, Simscape Electrical™, and

Simscape Fluids™ libraries

2. Embedding an optical model in a MATLAB Function block

41
42
43
 Experiment 7
Study of wind turbine in matlab

Objective: study of wind turbine in matlab

Software Needed: Matlab R2013

Circuit Diagram

44
Modeling Wind Turbines in MATLAB
1. System-Level Design
MATLAB and Simulink offer a robust platform for engineers to develop
comprehensive models that encompass the various subsystems of a wind turbine.
This integrated approach enables the simulation of mechanical, electrical,
hydraulic, and control systems, facilitating the identification of potential integration
challenges prior to hardware implementation. Key tools include:

Simscape: Utilized for modeling physical systems, allowing for the representation
of mechanical and electrical components.
Simulink: Provides a dynamic simulation environment to analyze the behavior of
the wind turbine system over time.
Stateflow: A tool for designing complex control logic, enabling the
implementation of sophisticated control strategies.
2. Components of the Model
A thorough wind turbine model consists of several critical subsystems:

Rotor Hub: Captures rotor dynamics, incorporating factors such as air density,
rotor speed, and blade pitch angle to simulate the aerodynamic forces acting on
the rotor.
Power Controller: Responsible for managing power output based on real-time wind
conditions and the specific characteristics of the turbine, ensuring optimal energy
capture.
Grid Connection: Models the interaction between the wind turbine and the
electrical grid, accounting for grid stability, power quality, and load demand.
3. Control Strategies
Effective control strategies are vital for maximizing energy capture and
maintaining operational efficiency. Key strategies include:

Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT): Ensures the turbine operates at its
optimal power output regardless of changing wind conditions.
Pitch Control: Adjusts the angle of the turbine blades to optimize performance and
prevent mechanical overload during high wind speeds. These strategies can be
implemented and tested within the MATLAB environment, allowing for the
evaluation of their performance under various wind scenarios.
Experimental Implementation
1. Simulation Studies
Simulation studies play a crucial role in evaluating the performance of different
turbine configurations under varying wind speeds. For example, a variable-speed
wind turbine equipped with a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG)
can be analyzed to understand its dynamic response to fluctuations in wind
velocity. These simulations help in assessing efficiency, stability, and reliability.

2. Case Studies
Numerous case studies have demonstrated the utility of MATLAB simulations in
wind turbine research, including:

Drivetrain Dynamics: Investigating the behavior of drivetrain components under

45
diverse operational scenarios to ensure robustness and reliability.
Grid Transients: Analyzing the impact of grid disturbances on turbine performance
to enhance grid compatibility and resilience.

46
Control Algorithm Effectiveness: Comparing different control algorithms to
determine their efficiency in maximizing energy output under varying conditions.
3. Practical Applications
The developed models serve multiple practical applications:

Performance Prediction: Estimating system performance before constructing

physical prototypes, thus reducing development costs and time.
Parameter Optimization: Conducting parameter sweeps to identify optimal
design variables that enhance turbine performance.
Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Testing: Converting simulation models into C code for
real-time applications, allowing for rigorous testing of control strategies and
system responses in a hardware environment.
Conclusion
Utilizing MATLAB for modeling and simulating wind turbines provides engineers
with a powerful toolset to explore design alternatives, optimize performance, and
validate control strategies. By leveraging Simulink and Simscape, researchers can
conduct comprehensive experimental studies that deepen understanding and
improve the efficiency of wind energy systems. This integrated approach not only
enhances the design process but also contributes to the advancement of
renewable energy technologies.

47
 Experiment 8
Study of hydro power plant in matlab

Objective: study of wind turbine in matlab

Software Needed: Matlab R2013

Circuit Diagram

48
1. Modeling Framework
MATLAB and Simulink provide a robust platform for simulating hydro power
plants, allowing for the integration of various components such as turbines,
generators, and control systems. A generalized model typically includes:
Hydro Turbine: Converts the kinetic energy of flowing water into mechanical
energy. Synchronous Generator: Converts mechanical energy into electrical
energy.
Control Systems: Manage the operation of turbines and generators to optimize
performance.

2. Key Components of the Model

The simulation model generally consists of:
Turbine Model: Represents the dynamic behavior of the turbine, including
parameters like flow rate and head.
Generator Model: Models the synchronous generator using a dq-axis
representation to capture its electrical dynamics.
Excitation System: Regulates voltage output from the generator.
Feedback Control Loops: Ensure stability and performance by adjusting turbine gate
positions based on load and speed.

3. Simulation Steps
Model Creation: Use Simulink to create a schematic representation of the hydro
power plant. This involves dragging and connecting function blocks that represent
different components. Parameter Setting: Define parameters for each component,
such as turbine efficiency, generator ratings, and operational limits.
Running Simulations: Execute simulations under various conditions (e.g., different
inflow rates or load demands) to analyze system behavior.

4. Example Studies
Several studies have successfully implemented MATLAB for simulating hydro power
plants:
A model described by Sattouf (2014) demonstrates how to simulate a hydro power
plant using basic function blocks in Simulink, focusing on the dynamics of both the
hydro turbine and synchronous machine1.
A YouTube tutorial illustrates a complete setup involving a hydraulic turbine,
governor, synchronous machine, and excitation system, showcasing how to reach
steady state under specified conditions2
.
GitHub repositories offer practical examples where users can optimize
maintenance schedules for multiple hydroelectric plants using MATLAB
simulations

Practical Applications
The developed models can be utilized for:
Performance Analysis: Evaluate how changes in water flow or turbine design
affect energy output.
Fault Simulation: Test how the system responds to faults or unexpected
operational conditions.

49
Optimization Studies: Analyze different operational strategies to maximize
efficiency and revenue.

50
Conclusion

Using MATLAB and Simulink for modeling hydro power plants allows researchers
and engineers to create detailed simulations that can predict system
performance under va rious scenarios. This approach not only aids in design
optimization but also supports educational purposes by providing a visual
representation of complex interactions within hydro power system

51
 Experiment 1

Study of Single Phase Half Wave Controlled Rectifier with R and

RL Load

 What is a controlled rectifier? How does it differ from an uncontrolled rectifier?

 What is a thyristor? Explain its working principle and how it is used in

controlled rectifiers.

 What are the different types of controlled rectifiers?

 What is the difference between a half-wave and a full-wave rectifier?

52
 Experiment 2
Study of Single Phase semi converter with R and RL Load

 What is a semi-converter? How does it differ from a full converter?

 What is the role of the thyristor in a semi-converter?

 What are the different types of semi-converters? Explain the basic operation of each
type.

53
 Experiment 3

Study of Single Phase Bridge Controlled Rectifier with R and RL load

 What is a controlled rectifier? How does it differ from an uncontrolled rectifier?

 What are the basic components of a single-phase bridge controlled rectifier?

 What is the principle of operation of a thyristor?

54
 Experiment 4

Study of Three Phase Semi-Converter with R and RL load

 What is a three-phase semi-converter?

 What are the different types of three-phase semi-converters?

 What are the advantages and disadvantages of three-phase semi-converters compared to single-
phase converters?

55
 Experiment 5

Study of Three Phase Full Bridge Converter with R and RL load

1. What is a three-phase full converter? How does it differ from a three-phase semi-converter?

2. What are the basic components of a three-phase full converter?

3. What are the different modes of operation of a three-phase full converter?

56