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Realibility

The document discusses reliability, defining it as the probability that a system or product performs satisfactorily over time under specified conditions. It explains key concepts such as failure rate, mean time to failure (MTTF), and mean time between failure (MTBF), along with examples of calculating these metrics. Additionally, it covers series and parallel reliability systems, the bathtub curve representing failure rates over a product's lifecycle, and the impact of aging on reliability.

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8 views

Realibility

The document discusses reliability, defining it as the probability that a system or product performs satisfactorily over time under specified conditions. It explains key concepts such as failure rate, mean time to failure (MTTF), and mean time between failure (MTBF), along with examples of calculating these metrics. Additionally, it covers series and parallel reliability systems, the bathtub curve representing failure rates over a product's lifecycle, and the impact of aging on reliability.

Uploaded by

ovi2721
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Reliability

Reliability
• Probability that a system or product will perform in a satisfactory
manner for a given period of time when used under specified
operating conditions.

• Reliability is quality over time.


• Failure rate (λ) is a reliability index that represents the rate at which the
product fails over time.
• Mean time to failure: MTTF is a measure of reliability for non-
repairable items (things that cannot be fixed once they fail). It
represents the average time these items are expected to operate
before failing.
• Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF): MTBF is a reliability index
used for repairable items. It represents the average time between
failures for a system or product that can be repaired and used
again.

• λ=1/θ
• θ=1/λ
• Example: 20 units are put on test and run at their normal operating condition
for 1,000 hours. If 6 of those units fail, at the following hours: 550, 480, 680,
790, 860, 620,What is the failure rate of the product?

6
• Failure rate: = 0.0003337041 failure per hr.
550+480+680+790+860+620+(14×1000)
• Example: 20 units are put on test and run at their normal operating
condition for 1,000 hours. If 6 of those units fail, at the following
hours:550, 480, 680, 790, 860, 620,What is the mean time to
failure of the product?
Example: 10 components were tested. The components (not repairable)
failed as follows:
• Component 1 failed after 75 hours
• Component 2 failed after 125 hours
• Component 3 failed after 130 hours
• Component 4 failed after 325 hours
• Component 5 failed after 525 hours

• Determine MTBF
• Total operating time: 75+125+130+325+525 + (5×525) = 3805hours
• failure rate (λ) = 5/3805 = 0.001314
• MTBF= 3805/5 =761hours.
• R(t): Reliability of system. The probability that the system will still
be functioning at time t.
• F(t): Probability of failure. The probability that the system will fail by
time t (also known as the failure distribution function).
• R(t)+F(t) = 1

• If the probability of failure F(t) is 20% (0.20),


the reliability is: R(t) = 1 - 0.20 = 0.80
This means there is an 80% chance that the system will still be
operational at time t
c) Probability of failure,
F(t)=1−R(t)
Reliability of system
• Parallel
• Series
Series Reliability
• Concept of Series Reliability: In a series system, all components must function
properly for the system to work. If one component fails, the entire system fails.
• Let’s consider three key components in a car that work in series for the car to run:
• Engine: The car needs the engine to function.
• Transmission: The transmission must work to transfer power from the engine to
the wheels.
• Wheels: The wheels must be intact and functioning to move the car.
• Reliability Formula:
• The reliability of a series system is calculated as:
• 𝑅s=𝑅1×𝑅2×𝑅3×⋯×𝑅𝑛
• Where: Rs : Overall system reliability.
• R 1 ,R 2 ,R 3 ,…,R n : Reliability of individual components.
• Parallel Reliability: In a parallel system, there are redundant
pathways, meaning the system can continue to work as long as
at least one sub-system functions. All sub-systems must fail
for the entire system to fail.
Reliability model
• Bathtub curve:
• Early Failure Period (Infant Mortality):
• High failure rate at the beginning of the life cycle. Failures are often due to
design flaws, manufacturing defects, or improper use.
• Shape: The curve starts high and quickly decreases as defective units are
identified and fixed.
• β<1: Decreasing Failure Rate (Early Failures)
• Usually covered by warranty period.

• Side note: shape parameter (β) is a key part of the Weibull distribution, which
is often used to model failure rates. It determines the failure rate pattern over
time and helps describe the characteristics of the system’s reliability.
• Useful life period: The Useful Life Period is the middle phase of the
Bathtub Curve, where the failure rate is low and constant. This is
the time when a product or system is operating as intended without
significant issues.
• β=1: Constant Failure Rate

• Wear-Out Period: Failure rate increases due to aging and wear of


components (fatigue, corrosion, aging etc.)
• Failures are predictable and occur as parts reach the end of their
design life.
• Shape: The curve rises sharply.
• β>1: Increasing Failure Rate

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