TLE 7 – LESSON

INDUSTRIAL ARTS

LESSON 13.1
Unveiling Industrial Arts: Concepts and Services
Industrial Arts is an educational discipline that prepares students for careers
in various industrial and technical fields. It encompasses many hands-on skills and
theoretical knowledge of manufacturing, construction, engineering, automotive
technology, etc. Industrial Arts programs aim to provide students with practical
skills, problem-solving abilities, and a strong foundation in science, technology,
engineering, and mathematics subjects.
SERVICES IN INDUSTRIAL ARTS
Technical services in industrial arts include:
Construction services
Construction services are like the sturdy foundation upon which a strong
building stands. These services encompass a variety of essential skills that
transform raw materials into homes, schools, offices, and bridges that make our
world functional and beautiful.

KEY CONSTRUCTION SERVICES

» Woodworking:
Woodwork is a timeless art where skilled hands transform raw timber
into functional and artistic pieces. From crafting furniture to building
structures, woodworkers use their tools to shape and join wood, making it
strong and aesthetically pleasing.
» Metalworks:
Metalworks involves shaping, cutting, and joining metal materials like
steel, aluminum, and iron. It includes welding, forging, and metal fabrication to
create various objects and structures.
» Masonry:
Masonry focuses on building structures using bricks, concrete blocks,
and stones. Masons construct walls, buildings, and other architectural elements
using these materials.

» Construction Painting:
 Construction painting is applying paint and finishes to surfaces in
construction projects. It helps protect and enhance the appearance of
structures, such as houses, buildings, and bridges.

» Plumbing:
Plumbing deals with installing and maintaining systems for water
supply, drainage, and sewage in buildings. Plumbers work on pipes, fixtures, and
fittings to ensure proper water distribution and waste removal.

» Tile Setting:
Tile setting involves the installation of tiles, typically ceramic or
porcelain, on surfaces like floors, walls, and countertops. Tile setters create
patterns and designs while ensuring tiles' secure and even placement.

ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS SERVICES

These services encompass a range of vital skills that bring electricity and
technology into our homes, workplaces, and daily routines.
These components include services such as:
» Electronics Product Assembly and Services:
Electronics product assembly is like putting together a puzzle but with
wires, chips, and circuits. Skilled technicians assemble electronic devices,
from smartphones to computers, ensuring that all the tiny parts work together
seamlessly.

» Electrical Installation and Maintenance:

Electricians are the experts who ensure our homes and buildings have
the necessary electrical power. They install wires, switches, and outlets to
bring electricity to our devices and appliances. Our lights wouldn't shine without
them, and our machines and devices wouldn't run.

» Domestic Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Services:

When the weather gets hot or we need to keep our food fresh, we turn
to domestic refrigeration and air conditioning services. Technicians install and
maintain cooling systems that make our homes and businesses comfortable.
Automotive and Small Engine Repair
Automotive and small engine repair is a crucial component of
Industrial Arts education that prepares students for careers in maintaining,
repairing, and servicing vehicles and small engines. These hands-on services
provide students with practical skills and knowledge to work in the automotive
and small engine industries.

Key services and concepts under automotive and small engine repair include:

» Automotive Repair and Maintenance:

This service covers a wide range of tasks related to repairing and
maintaining automobiles, trucks, and other motor vehicles. It includes engine
repair, brake system maintenance, suspension and steering system repairs,
and transmission work.

» Small Engine Repair:

Small engine repair focuses on fixing and maintaining small engines
typically found in lawn mowers, chainsaws, and other power equipment. Students
learn how to troubleshoot issues, replace worn-out parts, and perform
routine maintenance to keep these engines running smoothly.

Other Skills and Concepts in Industrial Arts Education:

1. STEM Education: Many industrial arts programs now emphasize Science,
Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) to prepare students for careers
in high-demand fields like robotics, computer programming, and engineering.

2. Safety Training: Emphasis on safety protocols and practices to ensure that

students can work safely in industrial settings.

3. Career Exploration: Providing opportunities for students to explore various

career options within industrial and technical fields, helping them make
informed career choices.
4. Soft Skills: Teaching essential soft skills such as problem-solving. Teamwork,
communication, and project management, which are valuable in any industrial
or technical career

5. Entrepreneurship: Some programs include entrepreneurship education to help

students understand how to start and manage their businesses in industrial or
technical fields.

6. Integration of Technology: This means incorporating modern technology,

including computer software, automation, and digital tools, to align with the
evolving needs of industries.

7. Green and Sustainable Practices: Teaching students about environmentally

sustainable practices and technologies in various industrial sectors.
8. Project-Based Learning: Focusing on hands-on projects and practical
applications of knowledge to help students develop problem-solving skills
and gain a deeper understanding of concepts.

9. Tool and Equipment Use: Proficiency in using hand tools, power tools, and
machinery such as drills, saws, lathes, and welding equipment.

Industrial arts education prepares students for various career opportunities

in today's rapidly evolving industrial and technical landscape. It equips them with
the skills and knowledge needed to excel in various fields and contribute to
technological advancements and innovation.

LESSON 13.2 ( Wk. 1 - Day 3 )

Industrial Arts: Building Careers, Building Businesses

In today's world, the demand for professionals in the Industrial Arts sector
is increasing. This sector includes careers like construction, electrical work,
electronics, automotive and small engine repair, drafting, and more. These
professionals are crucial in making things work.
 Choosing a career in this sector can lead to a rewarding and secure nature,
as their skills are in high demand and essential for the progress of our society.

Here are some career options within this sector:

1. Construction Industry:
» Carpenter: Building and repairing structures using wood, steel, and other
materials
» Mason: Constructing walls, buildings, and other structures using bricks,
concrete blocks, or stone.
» Electrician: Installing, maintaining, and repairing electrical systems in
buildings and facilities.
» Plumber: Installing and maintaining plumbing systems for water and gas.
» Welder: Joining metals together through various welding techniques

2. Electrical Industry:
» Electrician: Specializing in electrical systems, wiring, and troubleshooting
» Electrical Engineer: Designing, developing, and overseeing electrical
systems for various applications.
3. Electronics Industry:
» Electronics Technician: Repairing and maintaining electronic devices and
equipment.
» Electronics Engineer: Designing, testing, and developing electronic
systems and components.

4. Automotive and Small Engine Repair:

» Automotive Technician/Mechanic: Diagnosing and repairing cars and
trucks.
» Motorcycle Mechanic: Specializing in the repair and maintenance of
motorcycles.
» Small Engine Mechanic: Repairing lawn mowers, chainsaws, and other
small engines.

5. Drafting and Design:

» Draftsman/Draftswoman: Creating detailed technical drawings and plans
for buildings, machinery, and products.
 » CAD (Computer-Aided Design) Technician: Using software to create 2D
and 3D models and
drawings for various industries.

6. HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning):

» HVAC Technician: Installing, maintaining, and repairing heating and
cooling systems.

7. Manufacturing and Production:

» Manufacturing Technician: Operating machinery and equipment in
manufacturing plants.
» Quality Control Inspector: Ensuring products meet quality standards in
manufacturing processes.

8. Facility Management:
» Facility Manager: Overseeing the maintenance and operation of buildings
and facilities, including HVAC, electrical, and
plumbing systems.

9. Safety and Compliance:

» Occupational Health and Safety Specialist: Ensuring workplace safety and
compliance with
regulations.

» Environmental Health and Safety (EHS) Specialist: Focusing on

environmental and safety
regulations within industrial settings.

10. Technical Education and Training:

» Vocational Instructor: Teaching vocational and technical skills to students
in educational institutions.
11. Project Management:
» Construction Project Manager: Overseeing construction projects,
budgets, and schedules.
 » Engineering Project Manager: Managing engineering projects from
conception to completion.

12. Sales and Marketing:

» Technical Sales Representative: Selling industrial products and services to
businesses
and consumers.

These are just a few career options within the Industrial Arts sector. Many
of these fields offer opportunities for specialization and advancement, making it
possible to build a rewarding career in various areas of expertise. Additionally, as
technology evolves, new career paths and opportunities may emerge within this
sector.
LESSON 14.1 ( Wk. 1 – Day 4 & 5 )
Building Responsibly: An Overview of Standards Set by the National Building
Code of the Philippines

The National Building Code of the Philippines, Republic Act No. 6541, is a
comprehensive set of guidelines and regulations that govern the design,
construction, and occupancy of buildings and structures in the Philippines. The
National Building Code of the Philippines (Republic Act 6451) ensures that buildings
and structures in the Philippines are built safely and with proper standards. It's all
about keeping people and their properties safe when building a home, a business,
or anything else. The code sets the rules to follow when building so everyone can
live and work in safe and secure spaces. While it covers a wide range of construction
types, including residential, commercial, industrial, and institutional buildings, this
lesson will only focus on the highlights of the code as it pertains to residential
construction:

BUILDING PERMITS
Before starting any residential construction, you must get a building
permit from your local government. The building permit ensures that your
building plans meet safety and zoning requirements.

BUILDING SAFETY
 Building safety ensures residential structures can withstand natural
disasters such as earthquakes and strong winds. One key aspect of this safety is
strong design and construction, emphasizing the importance of constructing
houses to withstand these natural forces. Load-bearing capacity regulations
dictate the maximum weight that components like columns, beams, and
foundations can bear without risking structural failure. Ensuring quality
building materials are used is essential to maintain the strength and durability of
homes over time.

Structural analysis and calculations should be performed exclusively by

experts who that buildings are constructed correctly and meet safety
standards. Lastly, stability and resistance measures are in place to ensure that
houses remain standing and undamaged when subjected to various forces,
including lateral forces, uplift, and settling forces. These principles collectively
contribute to the safety and durability of residential buildings, protecting
occupants and property in the face of potential hazards.
DESIGN STANDARDS
Design standards are essential to building codes, ensuring that
residential structures are safe and resilient. These standards encompass various
aspects. They dictate the size of rooms within residential buildings,
specifying dimensions to ensure that rooms are adequately spacious for their
intended functions. Ceiling heights are also addressed by setting minimum
requirements, guaranteeing that rooms maintain comfort and safety. Structural
strength is a critical consideration in the design standards, requiring that
residential buildings are constructed to be strong and stable enough to
withstand forces such as earthquakes and strong winds. The code mandates
safety features, encompassing elements like fire escapes and emergency exits to
safeguard residents in emergencies.

Additionally, accessibility is vital, potentially necessitating features like

ramps and wider doorways. These ensure homes are accessible to individuals
with disabilities. These design standards collectively create safe, comfortable,
and accessible residential spaces.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

 Materials and methods are essential aspects addressed by building
codes, ensuring the durability and safety of residential structures. The code or
regulation mandates the use of quality materials in building homes, emphasizing
the importance of good-quality materials to ensure the sturdiness of houses.
Proper construction techniques are also highlighted, requiring builders to
adhere to correct construction methods. These construction methods
encompass how materials are assembled, including the appropriate methods for
constructing walls, roofs, and foundations. Safety standards are a vital
consideration, with the code setting rules to prevent accidents during the
construction process. These standards may involve using safety gear and
implementing safety procedures to protect workers and occupants.

Quality control measures are another essential component, with

builders and contractors expected to have measures to ensure that materials
are used correctly and that construction work is done properly. Lastly, the code
may require testing and inspections, which involve evaluating materials and
inspecting construction work to verify that everything meets the necessary
standards. These provisions collectively contribute to constructing safe,
durable, and high-quality residential buildings.

FIRE SAFETY
Fire Safety is a crucial aspect covered by building codes,
encompassing rules to prevent fires and safeguard individuals in the event of a
fire. These rules address various key points.
The use of fire-resistant materials in house construction is mandated
to reduce the risk of fires igniting and spreading quickly, enhancing overall fire
safety. Ensuring clear and easily accessible fire exits is another critical
requirement. These exits should be well- marked and free from obstructions,
providing safe routes for people to escape in a fire emergency. Residential
buildings may also require fire protection systems, such as fire extinguishers or
fire hoses, in easily reachable locations. These fire protection systems can be
used to suppress small fires before they escalate. Smoke alarms may be mandatory
in some houses. Smoke alarms emit a loud noise when they detect smoke to
alert occupants and prompt a swift evacuation during a fire incident. Building
codes may limit the number of occupants in a house to prevent overcrowding
and ensure safe evacuation. Furthermore, specific walls, especially those
between attached units, may be required to be fire-resistant to prevent fires
from spreading to neighboring units. These measures collectively contribute
to fire prevention and protecting occupants during fire emergencies.

SANITATION AND HEALTH

Sanitation and Health provisions within building codes are essential to
ensure that residential buildings maintain proper sanitation systems and access to
clean water, These provisions will safeguard the health of the occupants.
These provisions encompass a range of fundamental rules.

The requirement for a clean water supply ensures that houses have
access to safe and uncontaminated drinking water, which is vital for residents'
health and everyday use. Each house must also have a working toilet or
comfort room, emphasizing proper toilets as a critical sanitation aspect to
prevent waste contamination within the living space. Sewage disposal
regulations dictate how wastewater from toilets and sinks should be handled,
emphasizing environmentally and health-friendly disposal methods. Proper
drainage systems must be in place to prevent water from flooding or
accumulating around the house. It will keep the living area dry and free from
mold and pests. Effective garbage disposal methods such as trash cans or bins,
are required to maintain cleanliness and prevent the spread of diseases
carried by pests.

Adequate ventilation is essential to ensure fresh air circulation within

the house. This ventilation will promote good air quality and prevent problems
like mold growth. Additionally, building codes may specify light and space
requirements, outlining minimum room sizes and layouts to ensure that
residents have sufficient space and access to natural light, contributing to
their overall well-being. These rules collectively ensure that residential
buildings provide a safe and healthy environment.

ACCESSIBILITY
 Accessibility is a significant consideration within building codes, with
provisions aimed at ensuring that residential buildings in the Philippines are
designed and constructed to accommodate the needs of all individuals,
including those with disabilities, facilitating their comfortable and independent
living.

Residential buildings should incorporate ramps or sloped walkways,

especially at entrances, to facilitate easy entry and exit for individuals who
use wheelchairs or face difficulties with stairs. Home doorways should be
sufficiently wide to accommodate wheelchairs and walkers, enhancing mobility
for those with accessibility challenges. Staircases and ramps may require
handrails to provide support, stability, and safety for individuals who need
assistance when ascending or descending. Accessible bathrooms should
feature elements like grab bars near toilets and in showers, aiding individuals in
maintaining balance and preventing accidents. Lever-type door handles may
be recommended instead of traditional doorknobs, as they are easier for
individuals with limited hand strength or dexterity. Accessible switches and
outlets should be positioned at a height reachable from a seated position,
particularly for individuals who use wheelchairs, ensuring convenience. Clear
pathways are essential within residential areas. These pathways should be
unobstructed to enable people to move around without the risk of tripping or
encountering obstacles. These rules collectively promote inclusivity and
accessibility within residential buildings. Furthermore, these allow all
individuals to live comfortably and Independently regardless of their mobility
challenges.

ZONING REGULATIONS
Zoning Regulations are crucial in determining where and how
residential buildings can be constructed within local areas. These regulations
ensure that construction adheres to specific guidelines. The code establishes land
use classification, designating specific areas for various land uses, such as
residential, commercial, or industrial. For instance, residential zones are reserved
exclusively for residential buildings. Building heights are specified in different
zones, setting maximum height limits for residential buildings to ensure they align
with the neighborhood's architectural context. Setback requirements dictate
that residential buildings be positioned far from property lines or streets,
contributing to a consistent and safe streetscape. Lot size and dimensions
regulations exist to stipulate the minimum lot size and measurements
necessary for residential construction in different zones.
These regulations ensure appropriately sized homes for the area. The
code may impose density limits, restricting the number of dwelling units that can
be constructed on a property based on its size and zoning classification. These
density limits prevent overcrowding. Some zoning regulations mandate the
inclusion of Green Spaces or Open Areas within residential developments.
These green spaces promote a more aesthetically pleasing and enjoyable living
environment. In some instances, mixed-use zones are established. These
mixed-use zones allow residential areas to accommodate small-scale businesses
within residential buildings, enhancing convenience for residents. These zoning
regulations collectively contribute to organized and harmonious residential
area development following local guidelines.

MAINTENANCE AND SAFETY

Maintenance and Safety are vital responsibilities for homeowners
once their residential building is constructed. Regular maintenance requires
homeowners to address broken elements and maintain cleanliness to keep their
houses in good condition. Safety inspections are strongly recommended,
involving regular home assessments to ensure its safety. These inspections
encompass checks for electrical issues, structural problems, and potential
fire hazards. Ensuring that safety features such as fire extinguishers, smoke
alarms, and emergency exits are properly working is crucial for homeowners'
safety and property protection. Promptly repairing damage, whether caused by
natural disasters or wear and tear, is essential to maintain the safety and
integrity of the residential building. Obeying safety rules and guidelines provided
by the building code or local authorities is imperative, as compliance with these
rules contributes to the safety of the home and its surrounding environment. By
adhering to these rules, homeowners can ensure their residential buildings'
ongoing safety and well-maintenance.

PENALTIES
 If you don't follow the rules in the National Building Code, the local
government can impose penalties or fines.
The topics discussed in this lesson are just a brief overview of the
National Building Code or Republic Act 6451. It may not give the exact details or
complete information. To get a clear and detailed guideline, refer to the actual
copy of the Code or consult with local building authorities or professionals
knowledgeable about building regulations in the Philippines.