NATURE OF SELF stress, such as organizing,

The Nature of Self: Explores the concept of budgeting, or planning.

inner self and its influence on one's 3.​ Physical Self-Care: Activities that
personality and actions. improve physical health and
●​ Philosophical Perspectives: Discusses views well-being, like exercise, adequate
on selfhood from philosophers like Plato, sleep, hydration, and nutrition.
Aristotle, and Kant. 4.​ Mental Self-Care: Any activity
●​ Self-Concept and Self-Understanding: stimulating cognitive function, such
Defines self-concept and as reading, solving puzzles, or
self-understanding, emphasizing their engaging in intellectually
importance in shaping identity. stimulating hobbies.
●​ Moral Obligations and Selfhood: Highlights 5.​ Social Self-Care: Nurturing and
moral responsibilities associated with deepening relationships with others
understanding one's selfhood. through socializing, spending time
●​ Types of Self-Care: Describes six types of with friends or family, or engaging
self-care: emotional, practical, physical, in community activities.
mental, social, and spiritual. 6.​ Spiritual Self-Care: Activities
nurturing spiritual well-being,
Key Points: including meditation, yoga,
spending time in nature, or
●​ The inner self is a quiet presence within an
engaging in religious practices for
individual, requiring conscious awareness some individuals.
to recognize and influence.
●​ Philosophical perspectives on selfhood
vary, including Plato's separation of the Personal Development
self from the physical world, Aristotle's
Personal development is a lifelong process
hylomorphic view, and Kant's inner and
involving self-assessment, goal-setting, and
outer self concept.
maximizing potential across various life
●​ Self-concept encompasses an individual's
beliefs about themselves, while domains.
self-understanding involves knowing one's Personal Development Planning
motivations.
●​ Understanding selfhood involves It's about creating an action plan based
recognizing individual roles and on awareness, values, reflection, and
responsibilities in life. goal-setting within career, education,
●​ Six Types of Self-Care: relationships, or self-improvement.
1.​ Emotional Self-Care: Involves
Four Steps to a Successful Personal
activities that help process and
reflect on emotions, such as Development Plan
therapy, journaling, or engaging in 1.​ Vision: Start with a clear vision of your
creative pursuits.
future.
2.​ Practical Self-Care: Tasks
completed to fulfill important 2.​ Strengths and Areas for Improvement:
aspects of life and prevent future Identify skills, projects, and support
networks.
3.​ Plan Development: Outline specific ●​ Cognitive Needs: Desire for knowledge,
actions aligned with your vision. understanding, and exploration, including
curiosity and the search for meaning.
4.​ Review and Adapt: Continuously adjust
your plan to changing circumstances. ●​ Aesthetic Needs: Appreciation of beauty,
balance, and order in the environment.
Why Personal Development Matters
●​ Self-Actualization: Fulfillment of one's
It's crucial for self-actualization, aligning
potential, striving to become everything
with Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, which
one is capable of being.
emphasizes fulfilling potential and
achieving self-fulfillment. Roots of the Filipino Character

Managing Your Personal Development The Family and Home Environment

1.​ Developing a Personal Vision: Define ●​ Child-rearing practices, family relations,

future goals for success. and attitudes shape individual character.

2.​ Planning Your Development: Set goals, ●​ Indulgent environments may lack
prioritize, and identify opportunities. discipline but foster security and trust.

3.​ Starting the Improvement Process: Active Social Environment

participation and consistent training are
Culture and Language
key.
●​ Filipinos are known for warmth, family
4.​ Recording and Reviewing: Keep track of
devotion, and humor.
progress and adapt plans accordingly.
●​ Openness to foreign influences is a cultural
By fostering personal growth, individuals
trait.
can enhance their potential in all aspects
of life. History

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs ●​ Colonial history influences mentality and

perception of superiority.
●​ Physiological Needs: Basic requirements
for survival such as food, water, shelter, Educational System
and sleep.
●​ Evolving focus from teacher-centric to
●​ Safety Needs: Desire for security and pupil-centric learning.
stability in both physical and economic
●​ Teachers must respect individual
aspects.
differences and employ effective
●​ Love and Belongingness Needs: Longing teaching methods.
for connection, intimacy, and relationships
Religion
with others.
●​ Spiritual and moral development
●​ Esteem Needs: Achievement, recognition,
influence optimism and resilience.
and respect from others, as well as
self-esteem and self-respect. Economic Environment
●​ Poverty drives risk-taking, hard work, and Hard Work and Industry - Diligence and
survival skills. determination in pursuing goals and
overcoming challenges.
●​ Government provides services in
exchange for taxes. Faith and Religiosity - Deep-rooted
spiritual beliefs and reliance on faith for
Political Environment
guidance and strength.
●​ Political influences shape moral
Ability to Survive - Resilience and
development, sometimes negatively.
resourcefulness in facing adversity and
Mass Media hardships.

●​ Actors and media portrayals influence Weaknesses of the Filipino Character:

youth values.
Bahala na Attitude - A fatalistic mindset
Strengths of the Filipino Character: characterized by leaving things to fate or
chance.
Pakikisama - The ability to get along and
harmonize with others. Ethnocentrism, Xenocentrism, and Cultural
Relativism - Tendency to view one's own
Bayanihan or Team Spirit - Willingness to
culture as superior or inferior to others.
cooperate and help one another,
especially in times of need. Kanya-kanya Syndrome - Selfishness or
self-centeredness, prioritizing individual
Utang-na-Loob or Reciprocity/Debt of
interests over communal welfare.
Gratitude - Sense of obligation and
willingness to repay kindness received. Passivity and Lack of Initiative -
Reluctance to take proactive steps or
Bukas-loob na Pagtanggap or Hospitality -
initiative in various aspects of life.
Openness and warm reception towards
guests or strangers. Lack of Exhaustive Study and Self-analysis
- Failure to thoroughly study or analyze
Pakikipagkapwa-tao - Empathy and
situations and oneself, leading to limited
concern for others' well-being.
personal growth.
Family Orientation - Strong attachment
Colonial Mentality - Submissive mindset
and dedication to family ties.
influenced by colonial history, often
Joy and Humor - Resilience and ability to regarding foreign cultures or ideas as
find humor and joy even in difficult superior.
situations.
Extreme Personalism - Excessive focus on
Flexibility, Adaptability, and Creativity - personal interests and desires, sometimes
Ability to adjust to changing at the expense of others.
circumstances and find innovative
Extreme Family Centeredness -
solutions.
Overemphasis on family relationships,
sometimes leading to neglect of broader
social responsibilities.
Manana Habit or Procrastination - Belief in Superiority:
Tendency to postpone tasks or
Nationalists believe their country is better
responsibilities until later, resulting in
than others.
inefficiency and missed opportunities.
Patriots believe their country is among the
Nationalism vs. Patriotism
best but acknowledges room for
Nationalism: The belief that one's country improvement.
is superior to others in all respects.
Response to Mistakes:
Patriotism: Admiration for a way of life and
Nationalism tries to justify past mistakes.
love for one's nation.
Patriotism encourages understanding of
Key Differences:
both shortcomings and improvements.
Focus:
National Symbols of the Philippines:
Nationalism emphasizes cultural
The Philippine Flag
background, including language and
heritage. The Philippine National Anthem

Patriotism emphasizes values and beliefs, The Sampaguita (National flower)

with love for the nation.
The Nara Tree (National tree)
Attitude Towards State:
The Kundiman (National Song)
Nationalists unquestionably support and
The Nipa Hut
protect the state, considering any
questioning anti-national. The Barong Tagalog (Traditional attire for
men)
Patriots support principles rather than
blindly supporting or opposing the state. The Balintawak (Traditional attire for
women)
Aggression vs. Benign Nature:
Good Citizenship Values
Nationalism can be aggressive and
rooted in rivalry and resentment. Introduction

Patriotism is mostly benign, passive, and Values are individual beliefs shaped by
believes in equality among nations. upbringing, religion, culture, and
experiences. Personal values differ
from societal values, which are widely
Tolerance of Criticism:
held by a community.
Nationalists cannot tolerate criticism and
view it as an insult.
The Basic Values of the Filipino People

Patriots tolerate criticism and see it as an Enshrined in the Preamble of the 1987
opportunity for improvement. Philippine Constitution:

1.​ Unity
2.​ Work 4.​ Pagkamaka-kalikasan: Concern for
the Environment
3.​ Equality
●​ Preserving and nurturing the
4.​ Patriotism
environment, being good
5.​ Truth stewards of nature

6.​ Peace Concepts and Styles of Leadership

7.​ Faith in Almighty God Leadership: Leadership is a process where

a person influences others to achieve
8.​ Justice
objectives and directs an organization
9.​ Promotion of the common good towards coherence and cohesion.

10.​Respect for life Five Key Elements of Effective Leadership:

11.​Freedom 1.​ Ability to Delegate Tasks:

●​ Effective leaders delegate tasks

12.​Concern for the environment
rather than micromanage,
13.​Respect for law and government recognizing the value of shared
responsibilities.
14.​Love
2.​ Excellent Communication:
15.​Order
●​ Effective leaders communicate
Values of Good Citizenship clearly and effectively through
1.​ Pagkamaka-Diyos: Faith in the various mediums, fostering
understanding and cohesion.
Almighty
3.​ Confidence:
●​ Demonstrating trust in God and
acknowledging His presence in ●​ Leaders exude confidence, serving
daily life. as a source of strength for their
team and organization.
2.​ Pagka-makatao: Respect for Life
4.​ Honesty:
●​ Preserving, nurturing, and
●​ Honesty is integral to effective
safeguarding human life.
leadership, ensuring trust and
3.​ Pagkamakabayan: Respect for Law reliability among team members.
and Government
5.​ Creativity:
●​ Upholding the rule of law, ●​ Leaders must think creatively to
showing respect for navigate unexpected challenges
government, and compliance and devise innovative solutions.
with laws.
 Four Types of Leadership Styles Based on ●​ "A boss knows all, a leader asks questions."
Authority:
●​ "A boss makes work drudgery, a leader
1.​ Autocratic Leadership: makes it interesting."

●​ Characterized by individual control ●​ "A boss is interested in himself, a leader is

over decisions with little input from interested in the group."
group members.

2.​ Democratic or Participative Leadership:

●​ Involves group members in the

decision-making process,
promoting participation and
inclusivity.

3.​ Laissez-Faire or Free-Rein Leadership:

Human Behavior
●​ Provides subordinates with full
Behavior:
freedom to act on their own,
fostering autonomy and ●​ Refers to the actions of an organism or
independence. system, particularly in response to internal
and external stimuli in its environment.
4.​ Paternalistic Leadership:
Human Behavior:
●​ Involves a dominant authority figure
who treats employees like family ●​ Refers to the responses of individuals or
members, combining guidance groups of humans to internal and external
with care. stimuli, encompassing physical actions
and observable emotions.
Characteristics of a Leader:
Four Types of Human Behavior:
●​ Leads with integrity, loyalty, and devotion.
1.​ Optimistic:
●​ Enthusiastic and energetic in service.
●​ Characterized by a belief in the
●​ Action-oriented with a track record of
best possible outcome.
achievement.
2.​ Pessimistic:
●​ Dedicated, disciplined, and dependable.
●​ Characterized by a belief that evil
●​ Exemplary in behavior and efficiency.
outweighs good and that bad
●​ Respectful, reliable, and results-oriented. things are more likely to happen.

Quotations about a Leader: 3.​ Trusting Person:

●​ "A boss creates fear, a leader inspires ●​ Someone who generally believes in
confidence." the good intentions of others.

●​ "A boss fixes blame, a leader corrects 4.​ Envious Person:

mistakes."
 ●​ Desiring what someone else has, ●​ Attributes including duration, extensity,
often leading to feelings of intensity, and quantity.
resentment.
Abnormal Behavior:
Basic Types of Behavior:
●​ Deviates from the normal or typical, often
1.​ Inherited Behavior: subjective and associated with
dysfunctional conditions.
●​ Behaviors exhibited due to
inherited capabilities or natural Structure of Personality:
processes, such as survival instincts.
1.​ ID: Pleasure-oriented part of the
2.​ Learned Behavior: personality, driven by instincts and desires.

●​ Behaviors acquired through 2.​ Ego: Mediator between the ID and

experiences and education, Superego, balancing desires with reality.
enabling individuals to adapt and
3.​ Superego: Internalizes societal and
survive in their environment.
parental standards, forming the
Classification of Human Behavior: conscience of the individual.

●​ Habitual: Motorized behaviors often

manifested in language and emotion.

●​ Instinctive: Unlearned behaviors arising

Types of Personality:
from human instincts, crucial for survival.
1.​ Introvert: Focused inward, often shy and
●​ Complex: Behaviors combining two or
reserved.
more classifications.
2.​ Extrovert: Directed outward, bold and
●​ Symbolic: Behaviors conveyed through
outgoing.
symbols or body language.
Biological Background:
Causes of Human Behavior:
●​ Human behavior is influenced by heredity,
1.​ Sensation: Effects of stimuli on behavior.
environment, and education, with reflexes
2.​ Perception: Individual's interpretation of playing a role at birth.
stimuli.
Leading, Direction, Communication​
3.​ Awareness: Psychological activity based Leading:
on past experiences.
Leading involves influencing others to
Characteristics of Behavior: engage in work behaviors necessary to
reach organizational goals. Leaders
●​ Primarily negative or learned.
motivate, resolve conflicts, influence
●​ Evoked by external stimuli or internal individuals or teams, select effective
needs. communication channels, and address
behavioral issues.
●​ Automatic, voluntary, conscious, or
motorized.
 Direction: Having direction in life means ●​ Noise and context can affect the
setting goals for progress and reaching communication process.
them over time. Establishing goals can be
1.​ Sender: Initiates communication by
challenging, but it's essential for living
encoding and transmitting a message.
purposefully.
2.​ Message: Information or content
Communication: Communication is the
conveyed by the sender to the receiver.
process of exchanging information, ideas,
thoughts, feelings, and emotions through 3.​ Receiver: Intended recipient who
speech, writing, or behavior. decodes and interprets the message.

Elements of Direction: 4.​ Medium: Channel or method used to

transmit the message.
●​ Motivation: Encouraging others to act.
5.​ Feedback: Response provided by the
●​ Supervision: Overseeing performance.
receiver to the sender.
●​ Coordination: Adjusting and linking
6.​ Noise: Interference or disruption hindering
business activities.
message transmission.
Primary Sources of Communication:
7.​ Context: Circumstances influencing
●​ Interviews communication.

●​ News Footage 8.​ Other Factors: Additional elements

impacting the communication process
●​ Data Sets
Motivation
●​ Original Research
Motivation is defined as behavior
●​ Speeches
instigated by needs within the individual
●​ Diaries and directed towards a goal that can
satisfy the needs. It influences behavior
●​ Letters
and is characterized by internal drive
●​ Creative Works towards specific objectives.
Communication Process: Classification of Motives:
●​ The sender initiates communication with a 1.​ Biological Drives: Physiological needs such
message. as water, food, and survival instincts.
●​ The message is transmitted through a 2.​ Psychological or Social Drives: Acquired
medium. motives like the desire for wealth,
●​ The receiver interprets and decodes the popularity, and achievement.
message. 3.​ Unconscious Motives: General drives
●​ Feedback is provided by the receiver, including curiosity and natural instincts.
indicating comprehension. Four Kinds of Motivations:
1.​ Extrinsic Motivation: Originates from towards a common goal. It fosters a sense
external factors. of unity and purpose among group
members.
2.​ Intrinsic Motivation: Driven by internal
satisfaction or alignment with personal Definition:
values.
"A team is a small number of people with
3.​ Introjected Motives: Stem from internalized complementary skills who are committed
pressure, like guilt or obligation. to a common purpose, performance
goals, and approach for which they hold
4.​ Identified Motivation: Recognition of the
themselves accountable." - Confucius
need for action without immediate
commitment. Importance of Teamwork:

Importance of Motivation: ●​ Fosters friendship and loyalty among team

members.
●​ For Individuals: Facilitates goal
achievement, fosters job satisfaction, and ●​ Motivates employees to work harder and
promotes self-development. be supportive of one another.

●​ In Teaching and Learning: Stimulates and ●​ Utilizes diverse talents, skills, and strengths
guides learning activities, enhancing for optimal performance.
cognitive processes and promoting
Characteristics of Effective Teamwork:
growth mindset.
1.​ Clear Direction: Setting specific goals and
Effects on Students:
outcomes is essential for team success.
●​ Directs behavior towards specific goals.
2.​ Open and Honest Communication:
●​ Increases students' time on task. Transparent communication fosters
camaraderie and trust within the team.
●​ Enhances cognitive processing.
3.​ Support Risk Taking and Change:
Strategies to Help Motivate Students:
Embrace experimentation and view
●​ Promote growth mindset. mistakes as learning opportunities.

●​ Foster meaningful relationships. 4.​ Defined Roles: Understanding individual

skill sets and assigning roles accordingly
●​ Build a community of learners.
enhances team effectiveness.
●​ Set high expectations and clear goals.
5.​ Mutually Accountable: Team members
●​ Inspire and be an example. take responsibility for their actions and
support each other in achieving goals.

6.​ Communicate Freely: Encourage regular

and meaningful communication among
Teamwork team members.

Teamwork is the collaboration and

cooperation between individuals working
7.​ Common Goals: Prioritize collective 1.​ Set Goals Correctly: Use the SMART
objectives over individual interests for method to set achievable and
success. measurable goals.

8.​ Encourage Differences in Opinions: 2.​ Prioritize Wisely: Focus on tasks based on
Diverse perspectives lead to innovative importance and urgency to maximize
solutions and better outcomes. productivity.

9.​ Collaboration: Close collaboration fosters 3.​ Set Time Limits: Allocate specific
creativity and problem-solving. timeframes for tasks to maintain focus and
efficiency.
10.​Team Trust: Trust among team members is
crucial for effective communication and 4.​ Take Breaks: Allow downtime between
problem-solving. tasks to recharge and maintain
motivation.
Time Management
5.​ Organize Yourself: Utilize calendars and
Definition:
schedules for long-term planning and task
Time management is the process of management.
planning and controlling how much time
6.​ Remove Non-Essential Tasks: Identify and
you spend on specific activities. It involves
eliminate unnecessary activities to
organizing tasks effectively to complete
prioritize important ones.
more in a shorter period, reduce stress,
and achieve success. 7.​ Plan Ahead: Start each day with a clear
plan of tasks to accomplish, ensuring
Benefits:
maximum productivity.
1.​ Stress Relief: Following a task schedule
Implications of Poor Time Management:
reduces anxiety and worry, leading to a
more relaxed mindset. 1.​ Poor Workflow: Inefficient planning leads
to reduced efficiency and productivity.
2.​ More Time: Efficient time management
creates extra time for personal pursuits 2.​ Wasted Time: Distractions and poor time
and hobbies. allocation result in wasted time and
decreased productivity.
3.​ More Opportunities: Effective time
management enhances productivity, 3.​ Loss of Control: Lack of planning
making individuals more desirable to contributes to feelings of stress, anxiety,
employers. and loss of control.

4.​ Goal Achievement: Individuals who 4.​ Poor Quality of Work: Rushing to complete
manage time well are better positioned to tasks compromises the quality of work.
achieve their goals and objectives.
5.​ Poor Reputation: Inconsistent performance
Tips for Effective Time Management: due to poor time management can
damage professional reputation and
relationships.
 Implications of Poor Time Management 3.​ Conceptual Style Decision Making:
Embraces ambiguity and open-ended
Inherent in the acronym is a hierarchy of
options, driven by a desire to make an
self-realization, which mirrors Abraham
impact.
Maslow's hierarchy of needs:
4.​ Behavioral Decision Making: Involves not
Prioritize: Allocate your time wisely and
only making decisions independently but
define your life by setting meaningful
also influencing others' decisions.
goals.
Characteristics of Decision Making:
Organize: Arrange tasks essential for
success, such as managing family matters 1.​ Establishing objectives.
and finances.
2.​ Classifying objectives by importance.
Streamline: Address tasks that are
3.​ Developing alternative actions.
necessary but less enjoyable, like work
responsibilities and household chores. 4.​ Evaluating alternatives against objectives.

Economize: Manage activities that are 5.​ Selecting tentative decision based on
desirable but not immediately urgent, achieving objectives.
such as hobbies and socializing.
6.​ Evaluating tentative decision for potential
Contribute: Focus on activities that make consequences.
a meaningful difference, such as fulfilling
7.​ Taking decisive actions and preventive
social obligations and contributing to
measures.
society.
8.​ Following steps to create a decision
Decision Making
model.
Definition: The process of identifying and
9.​ Using role-playing in conflict situations for
selecting alternatives based on the values,
predicting decisions.
preferences, and beliefs of the
decision-maker. It involves problem-solving Steps in Decision-Making Process:
to find optimal or satisfactory solutions. 1.​ Identify the decision.
4 Styles of Decision-Making: 2.​ Gather relevant information.
1.​ Directive Style: Rational and autocratic 3.​ Identify alternatives.
decision-making where the leader relies
on their own knowledge and experience 4.​ Weight the evidence.
to choose the best alternative. Focuses on 5.​ Choose among alternatives.
long-term results and creative
problem-solving. 6.​ Take action.

2.​ Analytical Decision-Making: Relies on solid 7.​ Review the decision and its

data or information for important business consequences.

decisions, contrasting with intuitive

leadership styles.