IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF TANZANIA

AT PAR ES SALAAM

fCORAM: MKUYE. J.A.. MWAMBEGELE. 3.A. And KWARIKO, 3.A,^

CIVIL APPEAL NO. 72 OF 2015

DR. A. NKINI & ASSOCIATES LIMITED.....................................APPLICANT

VERSUS
NATIONAL HOUSING CORPORATION............................................. RESPONDENT

(Appeal from the Judgment and Decree of the High Court of Tanzania,
Commercial Division at Dar es Salaam)

fMakaramba, J.l

Dated the 7th day of November, 2014

in
Commercial Case No. 40 of 2011

RULING OF THE COURT

23rd February & 12th March, 2021

MKUYE. 3.A.:

This is an appeal emanating from a breach of a joint venture

agreement between the appellant Dr. A. Nkini and Associates Ltd and the

respondent, National Housing Corporation in which the parties agreed to

construct a seventeen (17) storey building on Plots Nos. 123 and 265/122

along Samora Avenue in the City of Dar es Salaam. The appellant had, in

Commercial Case No. 40 of 2011 (Makaramba, J.), unsuccessfully sought

a declaration that the said joint venture agreement between them still

subsisted and that any purported termination was void ab initio. After a

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full trial, the High Court (Commercial Division) entered a judgment in

fovour of the respondent.

Aggrieved, the appellant lodged this appeal on five grounds of

appeal which for a reason to be apparent shortly, we shall not reproduce

them.

According to the record of appeal, this appeal was on 7th day of

November, 2019, placed before the Court (Mussa, Wambali and Levira,

JJA) but it could not proceed for hearing because the paging of record of

appeal was mixed up. The Court then adjourned the hearing and granted

leave to the appellant to amend and lodge an amended record of appeal

within 30 days from the date of that Order.

On 12lh May, 2020, the matter was called on for hearing (Lila,

Mwangesi and Sehel, JJA) but again, the same did not proceed as Mr.

Rwehumbiza learned advocate for the appellant prayed to withdraw from

the conduct of appeal for lack of instructions from his client. The prayer

was granted and the learned advocate was discharged from the conduct

of the matter with an order that the appellant be served in person.

When the matter came up for hearing on 17th August, 2020, the

appellant did not enter appearance as it was reported that Dr. Abe! Nkini,
the Director of the appellant Company, had passed on. This led to the

adjournment of the hearing and the Court ordered the service to be

effected at the appellant's physical address. Nevertheless, the matter was

fixed to come up for hearing during the same session on 24th August,

2020 .

When the matter was placed before the Court on the said date, Ms.

Helen Abel Nkini, who was one of the Directors in the appellant's

Company entered appearance and intimated to the Court that Mr.

Rwehumbiza who withdrew himself from the conduct of the of the matter

on their behalf had not yet handed over the record of appeal to them.

She, thus, prayed for an adjournment for a period of two months to

enable her engage another advocate. As there was no objection from Mr

Aloyce Sekule who advocated for the respondent and his undertaking to

ensure that Mr. Rwehumbiza hands over the record of appeal to the

appellant, the Court issued its short Order and stated as follows:

"On our part, we have considered the submissions

from either side and we think that in the
circumstances of this matter, adjournment is
inevitable. Hencef hearing o f this appeal is hereby
adjourned to enable the appellant engage another
advocate with a view to finalizing the appeal process.
 We fu rth e r o rd e r th a t th e a p p e lla n t sh o u ld
fin a liz e th e a p p e a l p ro ce ss w ith in th e p e rio d o f
tw o m o n th s from th e d a te o f th is o rd e r w ith the
a ssista n ce o f M r. S e ku le in o b ta in in g th e
n e ce ssa ry d ocu m en ts from M r. R w e h u m b iza ."

[Emphasis added]

From then, the matter was fixed for hearing on 23rd February, 2021

whereupon the appellant was represented by Mr. Killey Mwitasi, learned

advocate and the respondent had the services of Mr, Aloyce Sekule,

learned Principal State Attorney.

From the outset, Mr. Mwitasi intimated to the Court that he was

instructed to take the conduct of this appeal on 1st February, 2021 but he

was not furnished with any record of appeal as the former advocate had

not yet handed over the same to the appellant. He explained that he

made efforts to see the Deputy Registrar and found that there were four

Orders of this Court including the Order requiring Advocate Rwehumbiza

to amend the record of appeal and the one requiring the parties to jointly

trace Mr. Rwehumbiza with a view of handing over the documents which

were not complied with.

 Mr. Mwitasi submitted further that on 2nd September, 2020, the

appellant wrote to the Registrar informing him their fruitless efforts to

trace Mr. Rwehumbiza and that though the Registrar promised to get in

touch with the said Mr. Rwehumbiza, he equally failed. Apart from that,

he explained, he contacted Mr. Sekule who also had no assistance. He

stressed that the orders of the Court were not complied with because the

appellant relied on the advocate who did not perform his duties. He said,

though through his efforts he was able to get some documents from the

Registrar, he could not lodge them as the time for their lodgment had

expired.

In this regard, in terms of Rules 4 (2) and 48 (3) (a) of the

Tanzania Court of Appeal Rules, (the Rules), Mr. Mwitasi prayed for leave

to enable him comply with the Court's order. He also predicated his

prayer on the decision in the case of Yusufu Same & Another vs.

Hadija Yusufu, Civil Appeal No. 1 of 2002 (unreported).

In reply, Mr. Sekule resisted the prayer by the applicant for leave to

amend the record of appeal. He challenged the appellant for not

complying with the Courts' order of amending the record of appeal and

for inaction from 1/2/2021 when the new advocate was engaged. To

bolster his argument, he referred us to the case of Puma Energy

Tanzania Ltd v. Ruby Roadways (T) Ltd, Civil Appeal No. 3 of 2018

(unreported) where it was ruled out that where an applicant fails to

comply with the order of the Court, he cannot restore it. At one stage,

however, Mr. Sekule told the Court that the alleged documents were

allegedly burnt at the stationery under the instructions of Mr.

Rwehumbiza and that as of now he is charged before the Advocate's

Committee for that conduct. In the end, he prayed to the Court to strike

out the appeal with costs.

In rejoinder, Mr. Mwitasi argued that the case of Puma Energy

Tanzania Limited (supra) was distinguishable as the amended record of

appeal was found to be still incompetent. But in this case, even the

advocate for the respondent declared that the documents have been

burnt through Advocate Rwehumbiza's instructions. He added that, in

fact, the respondent's advocate cannot shift the blame to the appellant

because in the last Order of the Court he was assigned a certain task.

For that matter, the learned counsel implored us to invoke the

overriding principle and allow the appellant to lodge the documents as the

same were obtained after the 60 days had expired.

 Having summarized the submissions from both sides, we think, the

issue for our determination is whether the appellant's prayer is justifiable.

It is common ground that on 7th November, 2019, the Court granted

the appellant 30 days within which to lodge an amended record of appeal

as its paging was mixed up. Ideally, counting from the date of Order, the

amended record of appeal ought to have been lodged by 6th December,

2019. That, however, did not happen. It is also common knowledge that

in the Order of the Court issued on 24th August, 2020 the appellant was

ordered to finalize the appeal process within two months as was prayed

by Ms. Nkini. If things went well, the appellant was supposed to lodge the

amended documents by 23rd September, 2020. Again, that did not

happen. Until the matter came up for hearing on 23rd February, 2021,

there was a delay of about 5 months.

The counsel for the appellant explained the sequence of events and

the steps he had taken following his engagement as an advocate for the

appellant. He said, the Order dated 7th November, 2019 was not complied

as the previous advocate withdrew from the conduct of the case; and that

the record of appeal could not be traced from Advocate Rwehumbiza even

with the assistance of Mr. Sekule and the Registrar.

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 We have considered the submissions from either side and, we think,

each case must be considered in accordance with its prevailing

circumstances. There is no doubt that the matter is a bit peculiar. In this

matter, all the efforts the appellant made in order to retrieve the

documents proved futile. Even the assistance by Mr. Sekule and the

Registrar to trace Mr. Rwehumbiza who retained the documents after his

discharge from representing the appellant was fruitless. Apart from that,

we take note of the information given by Mr. Sekule that the documents

were burnt at the stationery under the instructions from Mr. Rwehumbiza.

Considering that the appellant had a right of representation, we

think, this is a situation where the appellant cannot be blamed for being

inactive. In the case of Yusufu Same and Another (supra) the Court

refused to condone the respondent's counsels' negligence or lack of

diligence to be a sufficient cause for extending time. More importantly,

the Court considered some circumstances under which it cannot punish

the client. The Court stated as follows:

"... there are times, depending on the overall

circumstances surrounding the case, where extension
o f time may be granted even where there is some
element o f negligence by the advocate as was held by
a single Judge o f the Court Mfaliia , J.A as he then
 was) in F e lix Turn b o K isim a v. TTC L td an d
A n oth er, - CAT, Civii Application No. 1 o f 1997."
(unreported).

The Court went on to state that:

" in the instant case, the respondent had done a ll that

she could, leaving the matter to the hands o f her
advocate who had been assigned to her on legal aid.
In the circumstances, while accepting that there were
some elements o f negligence by her counsel, In the
circumstances o f the case, we join hands with our
learned brother Mfahia, JA in the case cited supra, and
hold that the learned counsel's negligence constituted
sufficient reason for delaying in lodging the appeal
between 1.8.1996 and 24.10.1996."

In the matter at hand, as was stated by Mr. Mwitasi, the appellant

had encountered hardships from the time when the Court granted the 30

days to amend the record of appeal up to 23rd February, 2021 when this

matter was scheduled for hearing. What can be gathered is that from 7th

November 2019, the advocate whom the appellant relied upon did not file

the amended record of appeal as ordered. From then theadvocate

withdrew from the conduct of the case but he did not handover the

documents to her. Even after the 2nd Court's Order, the efforts in

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collaboration with the respondent's counsel did not bear fruit. In fact, the

counsel for the respondent in a manner that supports the appellant's

stance contended that the alleged documents were allegedly burnt at the

stationery at the instance of advocate Rwehumbiza. Moreover, Advocate

Mwitasi who was also engaged on 1st February, 2021 explained the efforts

he made in vain to the extent of getting some documents from the

Registrar which he could not have filed due to the expiration of the 60

days which were granted by the Court on 24th August, 2020.

Looking at the whole scenario, we agree with Mr. Mwitasi that the

appellant did all what she could do but in vain. And, it would appear that

the conduct depicted by the previous advocate was such serious to the

extent that he was summoned to and appeared before the Advocates'

Committee. It may have amounted not only to negligence but also to a

gross professional misconduct which contributed to the delay in complying

with the Court's Orders. In this regard, we have no hesitation to find that

the appellant's prayer is justified.

Given the peculiar circumstances of the case, we think this is a fit

case where the principle of overriding objective can be applied. Thus, in

terms of Rules 4 (2) and 48 (3) (a) of the Rules we grant the prayer. The

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 appellant is granted sixty (60) days within which to lodge the amended

record of appeal.

DATED at DAR ES SALAAM this 8th day of March, 2021.

R. K. MKUYE
JUSTICE OF APPEAL

jppEA£ 1 C. M. MWAMBEGELE
JUSTICE OF APPEAL
COURf

M. A. KWARIKO
Jg /I JUSTICE OF APPEAL

Ruling delivered on this 12th day of March, 2021 in the

presence of Mr. Killey Mwitasi, counsel for the Appellant and Ms.
Ndigwako Joel, counsel for the Respondent, is hereby certified as a true
copy of the original.

S. J. KAINDA
DEPUTY REGISTRAR
COURT OF APPEAL

li