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MODULE 4

This document outlines the process of estimating sample size using G*Power for an independent sample t-test, emphasizing the importance of effect size, significance level, and power. It recommends using a medium effect size with 128 participants to balance statistical power and resource constraints. Additionally, it highlights factors researchers must consider when determining sample size, including effect size, significance level, power, variability, study design, attrition rates, and statistical tests.

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6 views

MODULE 4

This document outlines the process of estimating sample size using G*Power for an independent sample t-test, emphasizing the importance of effect size, significance level, and power. It recommends using a medium effect size with 128 participants to balance statistical power and resource constraints. Additionally, it highlights factors researchers must consider when determining sample size, including effect size, significance level, power, variability, study design, attrition rates, and statistical tests.

Uploaded by

pangcogaakhza46
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MODULE 4

Sample Size Estimation Using G*Power


Learning Objectives
Instruction
1. Please watch the suggested video and download G*Power
2. Determine the appropriate sample size using G*power for a study that will
employ an independent sample t-test, level of significance (alpha)= 0.05, power
=0.80, and using the three levels of effect size
a) for a small effect size, use 0.20

b) for medium effect size, use 0.50

c) for a large effect size, use 0.80

1.) Which of the obtained values would you recommend? Explain why
I recommend using the medium effect size (128 participants). This choice is based
on the expectation of moderate effects in social and behavioral research, providing
sufficient statistical power without requiring an excessively large sample. It
effectively balances the need for power with resource constraints like time and
budget.
2.) Why is it important that researchers determine the appropriate sample size with
consideration of the level of significance, effect size, and power?
Determining the appropriate sample size is crucial for several reasons:
Validity of Findings: A correct sample size reduces the risk of Type II errors, ensuring
the study can detect true effects.
Resource Optimization: It helps allocate resources efficiently, avoiding unnecessary
data collection in underpowered studies.
Ethical Considerations: Ensuring meaningful results minimizes participant burden
and avoids exposing them to unnecessary research conditions.
Generalizability: Adequately powered studies enhance the reliability and
applicability of findings to broader populations, supporting knowledge
advancement.

1. Which effect size should you use? Explain Why


It is best to use the medium effect size. Based on the assumption of modest effects
in social and behavioral research, this decision offers adequate statistical power
without necessitating an unnecessarily high sample size. The efficient balancing of
power requirements with resource limitations, such as time and money, is achieved.

2. What factors must researchers consider in determining the appropriate sample


size?
Researchers should consider several factors:
Effect Size: Smaller effect sizes require larger samples to detect.
Significance Level (Alpha): A lower alpha level increases the required sample size
for achieving statistical significance.
Power (1 - Beta): A higher desired power (0.80) necessitates a larger sample size to
minimize the risk of Type II errors.
Variability: Greater variability in the data means a larger sample is needed to
achieve reliable results.
Study Design: Different designs (independent samples, repeated measures)
influence sample size needs.
Attrition Rates: Expected dropouts in longitudinal studies may require inflating the
initial sample size.
Statistical Tests: Different tests have varying sample size requirements, influencing
the estimation process.
These considerations ensure the study has adequate power to detect meaningful
effects and produce valid results.

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