REAL ANSWER STPM 2018

CHEMISTRY SEM 2 (962/2)

16 (a) C electrode (Anode) ; C lining (cathode) [1] 19. (a) m1 : charge of ion [1]
(b) - Anode : 2 O (l)  O2 (g) + 4e-
2-
[1] m2 : ionic radius [1]
- cathode : Al (l) + 3e-  Al (s)
3+
[1] (b)(i) m3 : Hsoln = Hhyd – Lattice energy [1]
(c) - as carbon will react with oxygen produced hence m4 : Hsoln for NaCl = [(400.0) + (364.0)] – (775) [1]
corroded [1] m5 : = + 11 kJ mol-1 [1]
(d) - Na3AlF6 [1] Hsoln for AgCl = [(465.0) + (364.0)] – (910)
- to reduce the melting point of aluminium oxide [1] m6 : = + 81 kJ mol-1 [1]
(e) - since Al has low melting point than aluminium oxide m7 : NaCl is more soluble than AgCl [1]
[1] m8 : Since Since Ag is less electropositive than Na [1]
m9 : Difference of electronegativity between Ag and Cl is
17.(a) - energy required to break 1 mol of covalent bond smaller than Na and Cl [1]
in a molecule [1] m10 : NaCl has greater ionic character [1]
- to form gaseous atom [1] m11 : AgCl is ionic and has high covalent character [1]
(b) Thermal stability decrease :H–F > H–Cl > H–Br > H–I (ii) m12 : Theoretical LE of NaCl is almost the same with
- as bond length increase from H–F < H–Cl < H–Br < H–I experimental LE of NaCl [1]
[1] m13 : as difference of electronegativity of Na and Cl is
- causing bond strength decreased from H–F > H–Cl > significant therefore transfer of electron is complete [1]
H–Br > H–I [1] m14 : Experimental value of LE in AgCl is much greater
(c) H–F < H–Cl < H–Br < H–I [1] than theoretical value [1]
(d) - H–F are hold by strong hydrogen bond [1] m15 : as transfer of electron in incomplete [1]
- H–Cl , H–Br and H–I are hold by weak Van Der Waals’
forces [1] 20.(a) m1 : Cu+ has valance electrons 3d10 [1]
m2 : Cu2+ has valance electrons 3d9 [1]
18. (a) m1 : reactivity of Group 2 with water increase m3 : Splitting of 3d orbitals occurs in Cu2+ ion. [1]
when going down the Group [1] m4 : In Cu2+ there is a d-d transition / an electron from a
m2 : reaction equation is M + H2O  M(OH)2 + H2 [1] low 3d level absorbs energy and jumps to a higher 3d
m3 : as strength as reducing agent increase [1] level. [1]
m4 : since E0 value become more negative / ionisation m5 : In Cu+ there is no d-d transition. [1]
energy decrease when going down Group 2 [1] (b)(i) m6 : Name : diaquatetrachlorocuprate(II) ion [1]
m5 : Solubility of Group 2 sulphate decrease when going m7 : chlorine and water act as monodentate ligand [1]
down Group 2 [1] m8 : which is stably bonded to copper(II) ion [1]
m6 : Since Hsoln = Hhyd – Lattice energy [1] m9 : using a dative bond from Cl and O from H2O [1]
m7 : as ionic radius increase down Group 2 [1] m10 : and form an octahedral complex [1]
m8 : both hydration enthalpy and lattice energy decrease m11 : to form yellow colour solution [1]
down Group 2 [1] (ii) m12 : Structure of complex formed [1]
m9 : however, decrease in hydration is more significant
than lattice energy due to the large SO42- ion [1]
m10 : MgSO4 is soluble in water, since Hhyd > Lattice
energy, which caused Hsoln to be exothermic [1]
m11 : CaSO4 , SrSO4 , BaSO4 are insoluble in water, since
Hhyd < Lattice energy, which caused Hsoln to be m13 : Ethylenediamine is bidentate ligand [1]
endothermic [1] m14 : where 2 dative bond from each ethylenediamine is
(b)(i) m12 : nitrogen has short and strong triple bond [1] bonded to center copper(II) ion [1]
m13 : required high energy to break the triple bond [1] m15 : which can displace Cl ligand [1]
(ii) m14 – m15 : Calculate mol [1] and ratio [1]
Element Magnesium, Mg Nitrogen, N
Mass 72g 28g
Mol 72 / 24.3 = 2.96 28 / 14.0 = 2
Ratio 2.96 / 2 = 1.5 2/2=1
m16 : Empirical formula : Mg3N2 [1]
 Section A
q = mc @ q = (100)(4.2)(5.2) ; q = 2184 J ; mol NH4Cl = 7.91 / 53.5 ; mol = 0.1479
1. D
H = 2184 / 0.1479 ; H = + 14.8 kJ mol-1.
C (s) + 2 H2 (g)  CH4 (g) H = – 75 kJ mol-1 2 H2 (g)  4 H (g) H = + 874 kJ
2. B C (s)  C (g) H = + 715 kJ mol (rev)
-1
H2 (g)  2 H (g)
CH4 (g)  C (s) + 4 H (g) H = + 1664 kJ mol-1 H = + 437 kJ mol-1
As ½ Cl2 (g)  Cl (g) is +121 ; Bond energy = Hatom of Cl x 2 = + 242 kJ (A wrong) ; lattice energy
should be exothermic ; therefore – 2264 kJ mol-1 (B wrong) ; atomisation = Hsublime of Pb = + 195 kJ
3. C
mol-1 (C correct) ; enthalpy change of formation = [(+195) + (+716) + (+1450) + 2(+121) + 2 (349)
+ (2264) ] =  359 kJ mol-1. (D wrong)
In a concentration cell, equilibrium shift from high concentration to low concentration hence
concentration of Cu2+ (0.01) increased (D wrong). Therefore Q act as the anode of the cell (A wrong)
4. B
therefore electron flow from Q to P (C wrong); Emf of cell ; Ecell = Ecat – Eano @ (+0.34)  (+0.28) =
+0.06 V (B correct) ;
5. C Zn + Cu2+  Zn2+ + Cu ; Ecell   1.10 V  0.059 lg 0.50 ; Ecell = + 1.13 V
2 5.00
In diaphragm cell, anode is titanium while cathode is steel (A wrong) ; H2 is produced at cathode
6. A according to equation 2 H2O + 2 e-  2 OH- + H2 (B right) ; the membrane is made of asbestos (C
right) and use to separate the products formed (D right)
7. D Ga is element from Period 4 while Al, P and Cl is from Period 3, therefore lower ionisation energy
Oxide X is acidic and dissolve in water (either P or S oxide) ; Oxide Y is acidic that react with NaOH
8. B
but not water (SiO2) ; Oxide of Z is amphoteric (Al2O3)
9. B As ionisation energy decrease, it is easier to donate electron, therefore increase the reactivity.
As boiling point increase, volatility decrease with exceptional of CCl4 (A wrong) ; Thermal stability
10. B decrease as bond length of M–Cl increase (B right) and caused strength to decrease (D wrong) ; bond
polarity decreased as electrongegativity decrease (C wrong) ;
Since Y4+ is more positive, therefore Y4+ is a stronger oxidising agent than X4+ (D wrong) hence less
11. A
stable (B wrong), making Y4+ shift more to right, making Y2+ more stable than X2+ (A right)
Silicone is long polymeric polysiloxane which are hold by weak intermolecular forces (A wrong) with
12. A electrical insulator property as it does not have free moving ions (B right) ; since it contain R group, it
has hydrophobic properties (C right) ; and it is stable due to the ability to catenate with Si-O and Si-C
Since silver complex is insoluble in NH3, therefore X is iodide ion. When react with concentrated
13. D
H2SO4, it will form purple vapour as 8 HI + H2SO4  4 I2 + H2S + 4 H2O
14. D Cl2 is popular bleaching agent that can kill bacteria
15. C Ni is used as heterogeneous catalyst which has active site which serve to adsorp hydrocarbon