Lesson 1 : Resources

Brainstorming
In order to function, our world depends on different energy resources. With your partner, try
to answer these questions about them.

1. Match pictures (A - G) with each type of energy resources: gas, crude oil, coal, solar
power, wind power, hydroelectric power, geothermal power.
2. Which energy resources are called fossil fuels? Do you know why they are called so?
3. Which ones are called alternative energies? Why do you think they are called
"alternative"?
A GAS B…………………………………………………….

C……………………………………………………. D…………………………………………………….

E……………………………………………………. F…………………………………………………….
 G…………………………………………………….

Reading: Sustainable Energy

Activity 1: Skimming
Read the article quickly and tick  the best alternative (a - b - c - d) to complete the
statement below
The article deals with:

a. the environmental movement.

b. fossil fuels and global warming.

c. fossil fuels and renewable energy.

d. environmental pollution.
Sustainable energy
The environmental movement emphasizes sustainability of energy use and development.
Renewable energy is sustainable in its production; the available supply will not be diminished
for the foreseeable future - millions or billions of years. "Sustainability" also refers to the
ability of the environment to cope with waste products, especially air pollution. Sources which
have no direct waste products (such as wind, solar, and hydropower) are seen as ideal in this
5
regard.

Fossil fuels such as petroleum, coal, and natural gas are not renewable. For example, the
timing of worldwide peak oil production is being actively debated but it has already happened
in some countries. Fossil fuels also make up the bulk of the world's current primary energy
10 sources. With global demand for energy growing, the need to adopt alternative energy sources
is also growing. Fossil fuels are also a major source of greenhouse gas emissions, leading to
concerns about global warming if consumption is not reduced.

Energy conservation is an alternative or complementary process to energy development. It

reduces the demand for energy by using it more efficiently.
Activity 2: Word study
As you read the article. find the words whose meanings are given below. Work
Individually first. and then compare your answers to your partner's. Number 1 is an
example

DEFINITIONS WORDS PROM THE TEXT

1. focusses; puts the stress on (line 1) emphasizes

2. replaceable. always available (line 1) ………………………..

3. durable (line 2) …………………………
4. expected, predictable (line 2) …………………………..
5. to deal with (line 3-4) …………………………..
6. fuels made from decayed or decomposed remains of plants
or animals (line 6) …………………………
7. maximum (line 7) …………………………..
8. constitute (line 8) ………………………….
9. gradual rise in earth’s temperature caused by green house
gases (line 10) ……………………………

Activity 3: Comprehension
Read the text again and answer the questions according to your comprehension of the
article.

1. What are the two characteristics of sustainable energy?

……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………
2. Which energy resources are considered sustainable? Why?
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………
3. What are the main disadvantages of fossil fuels?
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………
4. Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 2 (lines 6 - 8) about fossil fuels?
(2 possible choices)
□ There is a worldwide demand in fossil fuels.
□ Fossil fuels are the most used energy in the world.
□ There are debates on the dangers of fossil fuels.
□ The world is thinking about reducing the production of fossil fuels.
□ The price of petroleum, coal, and natural gas is growing higher and higher.

5. Does your country develop alternative energy? which ones?

……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………

Activity 4: Language focus

Present continuous: active and passive

A. Read the sentences below. Which one is active or passive?

1. The need to adopt alternative energy sources is also growing.
2. Oil production is being actively debated worldwide.

B. Use the following prompts to build sentences in the present continuous active.

1. Environmental movements (emphasize) on the protection of the environment.

……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
2. More and more alternative energies (develop) worldwide.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Fossil fuels (reduce) considerably.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
 ……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
4. The available supply of crude oil (diminish) by oil consumers.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
5. The price of oil (rise) every year.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
6. A lot of waste (discharge) into the air and seas.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
7. Solar power (use) to produce electricity.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………

Activity 5: Consolidation

What major energy problem is Cote d'Ivoire facing these years? Think of power cut,
environmental problems, etc. What is being done to solve the problems?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
Homework
In a short paragraph, identify the different sources of energy produced in Cote d’ivoire and
say how they are used in our everyday life.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
Lesson 2 :Conserving Energy
Brainstorming
Look at these two pictures and answer the questions.

1- What are these pictures?

2- What are they used for?
3- ls there any difference between them?

Activity 1: Skimming
Read the text quickly and complete the statement below.

The text deals with:

...............................................................................................................

Widely available replacements for traditional tungsten incandescent

light bulbs are Halogen and compact fluorescent lamps.

A compact fluorescent lamp (CFL), also called compact fluorescent light, energy-saving
light, and compact fluorescent tube, is a fluorescent lamp designed to replace an
incandescent lamp. Some types fit into light fixtures formerly used for incandescent lamps.
The lamps use a tube which is curved or folded to fit into the space of an incandescent
bulb, and a compact electronic ballast in the base of the lamp.
Compared to general-service incandescent lamps giving the same amount of visible light,
CFLs use one-fifth to one-third the electric power, and last eight to fifteen times longer. A
CFL has a higher purchase price than an incandescent lamp, but can save over five times its
purchase price in electricity costs over the lamp's lifetime. Like ail fluorescent lamps, CFLs
contain mercury, which complicates their disposal. In many countries, governments have
established recycling schemes for CFLs and glass generally.

CFLs radiate a wider area than incandescent lamps. Improved phosphor formulations have
ameliorated the perceived color of the light emitted by CFLs, so that some sources rate the
best "soft white" CFLs which are subjectively similar in color to standard incandescent.
CFLs are produced for both alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) input. DC CFLs
are popular for use in recreational vehicles and off-the-grid housing. There are various aid
agency initiatives in developing countries to replace kerosene lamps, which have associated
health and safety hazards, with CFLs powered by batteries, solar panels or wind generators.
CFLs in solar powered street lights, use solar panels mounted on the pole.

Due to the potential to reduce electric consumption and pollution, various organizations
have encouraged the adoption of CFLs and other efficient lighting. Efforts range from
publicity to encourage awareness, to direct handouts of CFLs to the public. Some electric
utilities and local governments have subsidized CFLs or provided them free to customers as
a means of reducing electric demand.

Adapted from Wikipedia

Encyclopedia
 Activity 2: Word Study

A. Read the text again and find words or phrases whose

meanings are given below. Work
individually first, and then compare your answers to
your partner's. N°1 is an example.

1. insert (line 5): fit into

2. anything used to give stability (line 8): ………………………………………….
3. The fact of throwing something away (line 12 ) :………………………………….
4. Send out light, heat or radiations, etc. (line 14): ……………………………………
5. Chemical compositions (line 14) : …………………………………………………
6. Risks or dangers (line 19) : ………………………………………………………
7. The fact of being conscious of important matters (line 22):……………………….
8. Distributions of free samples (line 23) :………………………………………..
9. Paid part of the cost of something (line 23 ) :……………………………………

B. As you read the text,find the phrases behind these descriptions. Paragraphs are given.

1. Permanently fixed equipment people put light or lamps in (par 2): …………………..
2. Current that always flows in the same direction (par3): ……………………………….
3. Current that reverses its direction at regular intervals(par4):
…………………………….
4. Houses that are not connected to the electricity network (par4):
………………………..
5. Devices used to produce solar energy (par 4): ………………………………………
6. Companies that supply electricity to a community (par4):
………………………………

Activity 3: Comprehension

A. True or False Statements

Read the text and say whether these statements are true or false. Justify your answers by
indicating the lines.
N°1 is an example.
 1. Halogen and compact fluorescent bulbs are more and more used today. True (line 1-
3)
2. The incandescent lamp is as luminous as the fluorescent lamp.
………………………………………
3. The incandescent and the fluorescent lamps are both economical.
……………………………………
4. CFLs are more expensive and durable than incandescent lamps.
……………………………………….
5. It is easy to get rid of fluorescent lamps.
………………………………………………………………
6. Compact fluorescent lamps are recyclable.
……………………………………………………………

B. Answer these questions.

1. What betters the color of light transmitted by CFLs?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Give the risks of using of florescent lamps?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………

3- Despite the risky use of CFLs, why have they been adopted?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
How are populations encouraged to use fluorescent lamps?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
 C-Read the text again and complete the table below.

SIMILARITIES
DIFFERENCES
- Energy consuming
Incandescent lamp
1. - Non durable
………………………… 1.
…………………… …………………………………
…… …
…………………… 2 Durable
…… 3.
…………………………………
…
2. 4.
………………………… …………………………………
…………………… …
…… 5.
Fluorescent lamp
…………………… …………………………………
…… …
6.
…………………………………
…
7.
…………………………………
…
8. Use in recreational vehicles
and off-
the-grid housing

Activity 4: Skills focus - Fractions

A. Study the figures below and do the task that follows.

 a. 1/2 = one half
b. 1/4 = one (a) quarter
c. ¾ = three-quarters
d. 1/3 = one-third
e. 2/3 = two-thirds
f. 1/5 = one-fifth

B. Write these fractions in words or in figures.

a. 1/12 ……………………………… f. …………………one hundredth
b. 2/5 ……………………………… g. 1/6...………………………………
c. ……………………fourteen-eighths h. 1/1000.……………………………
d. 1/10 ……………………………… i.…………………..seven-twentieths
e. 1/12 ……………….……five-thirds j.1/40 ………………………………

Homework
Write these fractions in words
15/8: ……………………………………………………………………………….
36/90: ……………………………………………………………………………….
25/100:………………………………………………………………………………
70/2:…………………………………………………………………………………..
68/45:……………………………………………………………………………………….
Activity 5: Skills Focus - Interpreting and Making Graphs

A. Read the different definitions and match the words in bold to the corresponding graph.

The essential components of a bar graph or chart include two axes and bars representing
categories or variables.
A line graph has two axes. The x axis is horizontal. The y axis is vertical. They are drawn
by Joining points together.
A pic chart is a graph that shows shares or dimensions useful for showing percentages.

1…………………………… 2…………………………… 3……………………………

B. The verbs or nouns in the table below are used to describe the movement on a graph.
Complete it accordingly.

Movements Verbs Nouns

Upward movement ………………………………
rise
.
………………………………
increase
.
………………………
improvement
….
grow growth
……………………… ………………………………
…. .
fall extension
……………………… ………………………………
 ……………………… ………………………………
…………………….. ……………………………..
………………………………
Downward movement ………………………………
decline
……………………………..
………………………………
reduce ………………………………
………………………………
………………………………
decrease ………………………………
……………………………..
Up and down ………………………
……………………… fluctuation
……………………..

Look at the following sentences and which graph or chart goes best with the description.
N°10 is an example.

6. Figures have increased slightly.  1. The situation is stable. 

7. Figures have increased dramatically  2. There have been some fluctuations 
8. Figures have increased steadily.  3. The situation was pretty had. But
9. This is a significant drop.  
10. This is a gradual drop.  4. Profits have been falling since the 
5. We’re hovering at around 
e

C. Design a line graph using the data in the table below to show the different type of
rinigv consumption from 2000 and 2050; then write down a short Interpretation of it.
 ENERGY CONSUMPTION
Hydropower Solar power Fossil fuels
2000 100 25 80
2010 110 48 78

Years
2020 140 75 70
2030 170 120 60
2040 220 175 47
2050 275 270 15

NB: A graph paper can be used.

Scales: 1 cm  50 Petawatt hours / 2 cm 10  years

……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Activity 6: Consolidation
As a worker at the Nation Electricity Provider, you are sent to a Ghanaian village to
sensitize
the population about the need to conserve energy. Write a short message to talk about how
to save energy. (15 lines maximum)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Unit 2 : Heat Engines
Lesson 1
Engine Types and Engine Systems

Brainstorming
Look at the picture below and answer the
questions.
1. What happened to the man’s car?
2. How can you explain that situation?
3. What do we call those types of engine?

Activity 1: Skimming

Read the text and choose the best alternative to complete the following sentence.

a. The text is about:

b. The importance of mechanics in life
c. The history of heat engines
d. The effect of engines in the air
e. The building of atmospheric engines.

An engine is a
mechanical
contrivance by
means of which
some form of
energy is
converted to useful
work. The first
mechanical
utilization of an
energy source to
 do work dates back to the 1 st-c BC, when simple water
wheels were used to lift water from rivers and to mill grain.
Although it might be considered that these were examples of
simple hydraulic ' engines ', it is generally accepted that the
term engine is associated with a much later period of
technological development; that of the Industrial Revolution.
Engines are normally associated to| with the conversion of
fossil fuels (thermal energy sources) into useful work, and so
we may fully refer to them as heat engines.
The most significant heat-engine development was that of the steam engine. The use
of steam to produce is| a mechanical effect has its origin in the 1st-c AD, when the
mathematician and inventor of Alexandria described a steam-operated 'wheel' which
utilized the thrust effect of escaping steam jets. This device was really only a toy, and
no attempt was made to find a use for it. Hero demonstrated other interesting
arrangements and. although none of them led to the development of a practical heat
engine. he did go some way to demonstrate that when a fluid such as water or air is
heated, it is possible to use it to bring about some form of mechanical effect.
In 1661, in Magdeburg, Hero invented a device consisting of a close-fitting piston within
a pipe with a closed end. Using a vacuum pump (which he had also developed), he created
a partial vacuum inside the pipe, the pressure there falling below that of the atmosphere.
Atmospheric pressure acting on the other side of the piston then forced it into the pipe.
The piston was connected by a system of ropes and pulleys to a weight which was then
raised. This was the forerunner of the various heat engines which were generally
categorized as atmospheric engines, since they ail made use of the fact that atmospheric
pressure, in conjunction with a partial vacuum created within a piston-cylinder
arrangement, could do useful work.
Activity 2: Finding Words - Matching
The words in Column A are from the text.Match them with their synonyms in Column B.
N°1 is an example.

Column A Column A
1. Contrivance 1. j a. materials such as wood, coal, gas, or oil
2………… burned to produce heat or power
(line 1)
3………… b. machine for forcing liquids, gas or air into,
2. Wheels (line 5) out or through something.
4…………
3. Fuels (line 11) c. forward force produced by a propeller.
5…………
4. Heat (line 13) d. tube through which liquids or gases can flow.
6…………
e. discs that tum on an axle.
5. Steam (line 15) 7…………
f. a form of energy associated with the motion
6. Thrust (line 19) 8………… of atoms or molecules
7. Pipe (line 24) 9………… g. weight of the air in the atmosphere
8. Vacuum (line 10……….. h. space that is completely empty of ail matters
or gases.
25)
i. invisible gas into which water is changed by
9. Pump (line 25) boiling
10.Pressure(line26) j. tool made by an individual for a particular
purpose

Activity 3: Comprehension

A. True - False Statements

Read the text again and say if these statements are true or False .And then justify your
answers by quoting the lines.
1. People first used energy source to work a century
ago…………………………………………………..
2. Before Christ, water wheels were used to produce energy to
produce……………………………………
3. The term "engine" was only used after the industrial
revolution…………………………………………
4. The conversion of fossils fuels into work differs from heat
engines……………………………………..
5. Steam was used to produce a mechanical effect before
Christ………………………………………….

B. Questions and Answers

Answer these questions.
1 - Is it possible, according to Hero, to use heated water or air to produce mechanical
effect? Justify
………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………….
2 - How many devices did Hero invent or create? List them.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
3 - Describe briefly the process in the vacuum pump developed by Hero.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
 C. Information Transfer

Read the text and fill in the table with the missing information from it.

I. The period of technological 2. Fossils fuels are 3. An example of heat

development considered engines is……………...
………………………… ………………………
………………………….
4. Hero's invention consisted 5. Hero's device is 6. Heat engines are also
………………………………… composed of a, a called
. ……………….and piton ………………………..
which are used to
………………………
pressure.

Activity 4: Consolidation
Fill in the blanks with the missing words taken from the box below.

combustion - cylinder - gases - engine - fuel - mixture - compressed - piston -

In 1903, the first areophane flew. It was powered by a petrol engine. This kind o f ( 1 )
… … … … … … . . is still used in some aircrafts. In the petrol engine, the (2)
…………………………………and air mixture enters the piston. The piston rises and it
compresses the (4)……………………………………………….(5) the
……………………………………..mixture is ignited by the spark. As the combustion (6)
.........................................expand, they push the (7)…………………………………………down
and
the crankshaft turns. In the jet engine , the compressed mixes with the (8)
…………………………………and this mixture is burnt in the (9)
……………………………….. chamber.
Activity 5: Language focus

A. Describing a process with "when"

 A1 - After examining the picture describing the functioning of heat engine. match
each stage
(1. 2. 3, 4) with its right description.
1 Intake stroke
2 Compression stroke
3 Power stroke
4 Exhaust stroke

1………
2………
3………
4………

a waste gases are forced out of the cylinder

b compressed mixture is ignited and the
expansion forces the cylinder downwards
c the air and fuel arc compressed by the
upstroke of the cylinder
d air and fuel arc taken into the cylinder as
the piston moves downwards

 A2 - Now, follow the example below to write similar sentences.

Example: Intake stroke is when air and fuel are taken into the cylinder as the piston
moves downwards.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………….

B. Using the present passive

 B1 - Study the sentences in A-2 and complete the structure below with: am;
is / are; past participle; preterit.

Passive sentence = …………………………………………………………………………………

 B2 - Turn the following sentences into the passive voice. N°1 ls an example.

1. A large number of machines employ heat engines.

 Heat engines are employed by a large number of
machines.
2.The machine determines the direction of energy flow.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………….
3.Trucks and buses widely use diesel engines.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………….
4.A heat engine converts heat into work.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………….
5.The engine of a car generates heat.
 …………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………

Activity 6: Heat Engines

Task A:
Look at the pictures below that describe different processes and complete the following
sentences with the right word from the box below.

fuel intake - compression - exhaust - ignition - expansion

 1. More energy is transferred by the removal of gas:
……………………………………………………
2. The energy gained from the work of the piston is used to propel the combustion reaction
in the mixture of fuel and air:
…………………………………………………………………………………………
3. As the crankshaft continues to turn, the piston moves downward and make new fuel air
mixture to restart the combustion:
………………………………………………………………………………………..
4. Describing the volume of the air, hence increasing the pressure:
……………………………………..
5. The hot pressurized gas product of the combustion expand in volume which pushes the
piston down-ward and tums the crankshaft:
…………………………………………………………………………

Task B :Speaking
In groups of four discuss the following questions then your spokesperson will report to the
class.

1. When you pump a tire with a bicycle pump. the cylinder of the pump becomes hot.
Give two reasons to explain that.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
2. Is it possible to wholly convert a given amount of mechanical energy into thermal
energy? Cite examples to illustrate your answers.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Is it possible to construct a heat engine that produces no thermal pollution? Justify your
answer.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
Follow-Up
Look at the picture below. It shows another type of engine: the plane engine. Try to describe
how it works.
Notes

Summary of Heat Engines

 Types of heat engines include internal and external, intermittent, and

continuous combustion, reciprocating and rotary engines.

 All engines have several systems that enable the engine to operate
efficiently. These include the cooling. fuel, lubrication, ignition,
starting, charging, air/exhaust,computer and pollution controls.

 Any combustion engine requires air fuel and ignition mixed together at the
right time for correct operation.

 The bore and stroke are used to calculate the displacement of a heat
engine.

 Diesel engine compression ratios are much higher than they are for
gasoline engines.

 The rotary engine uses a triangular rotor placed in a special housing to

create intake, compression, power and exhaust.

 Continuous combustion engines commonly used include the gas turbine,

steam turbine, and jet (reaction) engine.
Lesson 2
Servicing a Car

Brainstorming
Look at these two pictures and answer the questions below.

1. What is the man doing?

2. What do you call a regular inspection of a car at the
mechanic's?
3. Why is it so important?

Activity 1: Skimming
Read the text quickly and circle the letter of the option (a-b-c-d) that best completes the
statement below.

The text is about

a. the importance of buying a car.
b. the importance of producing a car.
c. the importance of servicing a car
d. the importance of selling a car.

A motor vehicle service is a series of maintenance procedures

carried out at a set time interval or after the vehicle has
travelled a certain distance. The service intervals are
specified by the vehicle manufacturer in a service 5
schedule and some modem cars display the due date for
the next service electronically on the instrument panel.

The completed services are usually recorded in a service

book which is rubber stamped by the service centre upon
completion of each service. A complete service history
usually adds to the resale value of a vehicle.

Regular car servicing is required to ensure that your car

works efficiently and safely. Regular services will extend the life of your car. A regular 10

car service helps prevent dangerous potential failures in your braking and steering

15
system. (The amount of work required in regular services will depend upon the number
of kilometers travelled. Some services are required every 6 months or 10,000
kilometers, however other components will require a checkup every 20,000 or 50,000
kilometers. Your vehicle logbook and handbook often contains a detailed list of the
work and tasks involved for each level of service. A 12 monthly service will
include everything in the six monthly service plus: cleaning the air filter element,
renewing the spark plugs, changing the manual transmission fluid, checking rear axle
lubricant level and re-greasing front wheel bearings, adjusting park brake, wheel
alignment and steering angles checked and headlight beams aligned.

Regular car services are important to keep your car road worthy and ensure your safety
when on the road. Find a reliable mechanic in your area who can service your car on a
regular basis.

Adapted from Wikipedia, the free

encyclopedia
Activity 2: Word Study

A. As you read the text again, find words whose meanings are given below. Work
individually first and then compare your answers to your partner's. No.3 is an example

1. done (line 1-2):........................................ .................................................

2. producer (line 3):.........................................................................................

3. plan; program (line 4): schedule

4. show; make (something) visible (line 4):.............................................................

5. noted; copied (line 6):................................ ..................................................

6. act of selling of something again (line 8):............................................................

7. without danger or risk (line 10):.....................................................................

8. breakdowns (line 11):.......................................................................................

9. routine inspection (line ..................................................................................

10. a document giving details of a vehicle and its owners (line 15):...................................

B. As you read the text again, find in it compound words related to energy. Work
individually first, and then discuss your answers with your partner. N"3 is an example

1. A date when something is expected is called (para l ): ............. ......................

2. Approved of by certifying it with a stamp (Para. 2):..............................................

3. A document giving details on repairs is a (para. 2): service book

4. A center where a vehicle is regularly repaired is (para. 2):................................

5. A system that permits a vehicle to slow down and guide the direction of its movement
is (para. 3):....................................................... ..........................................

6. Plugs that make a vehicle start and move (para. 3): .......................

7. Beams that are at the front of a vehicle are (para. .................................................

Activity 3: Comprehension

A- Read the text and give short answers to the questions below.
1. Define the "motor vehicle service".
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Who determines service periods?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. What's the importance of a service book?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. Why is regular car servicing done?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. What determines the amount of work required in regular services?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. Where is the detailed list of work and tasks for the service registered?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
7- List some tasks performed by the mechanic during a 12 monthly service?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. According to you, why is it advised to find a reliable mechanic to service one's car?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
B. Information Transfer

Read the passage below and use information from it to complete the table. No.1is an
example.

Some tasks carried out after Six Monthly Car Service or every 10,000 kilometers

.Check and clean spark plugs. Spark plugs need to be checked for excessive carbon deposits.
oil and oxidation, which can highlight other problems in the engine.

.Inspect brake hydraulic system hoses and pipes for leakages and corrosion.

.Renew fuel line filter. A common problem in old cars occurs when the sediment at the
bottom of the fuel tank flows through the fuel lines and clogs the fuel filter.

.Inspect tyres for tread wear and damage. Extend the life of your car's tyres by regular
rotation of the tyres.

.Take note of the pattern of wear on your tyres, as this can also indicate other problems in
the vehicle such as suspension, steering and wheel balancing. This can lead to dramatic
accidents.
Go to the next page (p. 28) to complete the table
! Tasks to carry out Importance Possible problems
1 • Change engine oil and oil filter extend engine life Damage engine
2........Help avoid excessive carbon deposit, oil and oxidation Damage engine
3- Inspect tyres Cause accidents
4............... Cleans the oil

5. Take note of the pattern of wear on your tyres

Loud squealing and engine failure.

7................. Cools the engine system

Activity 4: Language Focus - Giving Advice

Study the following sentences and do the tasks that follow.
Example 1

Mechanic: You should change the engine oil otherwise it will get dirty and damage your
car's engine
Car's owner : OK. I'II do it.

Example 2

Mechanic: You ought to replace the oil filter to avoid damaging your car.
Car's owner: Thank you for your advice.

Task 1: Complete the box below meaningfully.

 ……………………………….
We use + ……………………to give
advice
……………………………….

Task 2

With your partner, use information from the table in activity 4 to make sentences in which
you give advice.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
Homework

Use words in the box below to label the car.

front wheel - stop light - door handle - number plate - door - side window rear window -
reversing light - boot - bumper - (out) side mirror - exhaust pipe
Lesson 1: Mobile Phones

Brainstorming

Answer the questions below. Use the pictures to help you.

1. What does ICT stand for?

2. What's the difference between ICT and IT?

3. Name some examples of ICT.

Activity 1: Skimming

Read the text quickly and circle the letter of the option (a-b-c-d) that best completes the
statement below.

This article is about

a. the advantages of mobile phone applications.

b. the drawbacks of mobile phone applications.

c. the purposes of mobile phone applications.

d. the industry of mobile phone applications.

 Mobile Application Development

Recent developments in the mobile phone industry have created a lot of technologically
updated gadgets that make our life easier than ever. Cell phones nowadays are not limited to
just calling and sending the usual message via SMS but is now capable of taking pictures,
paying for bills, communication, and business purposes. The smart phone boom in this
generation has made a way for software and computer companies to develop new programs
and applications for mobile phones and gadgets; and this discovery has gamered the interest
of business people.10
Mobile phone applications are small-sized programs specially made for phones and personal
data assistants. The purpose of this is to help business people to increase the sales and
revenue of their respective business and also to be convenient for them to introduce their
products and services to an international market. Furthermore, investing in this type of thing
is a good choice because it will guarantee you to obtain more sales and popularity. Thus,
below are some of the good points why mobile phone applications are a must for 15 a
business.

I. First is its convenience, the reason why mobile web applications are getting very well in
the mobile phone industry is because it is easy for customers to access to the program
through a gadget, with a few clicks of a button, a user can get information about a certain
product or service from the application
2. Next is all about freedom since it is accessed through a phone, the business owner has
the whole responsibility to maintain the program: this includes manipulating information.
installing new data, updating information and details of the product. There are no restrictions
for the owner about his business.
3. Third is compatibility. A business mobile application isn't limited to be viewed and
accessed through a standard-sized phone with specifications and requirement. A good thing
«bout a mobile application is its compatibility to almost all types of mobile phones such as
Blackberry. Android and Apple phones. Since a great number of people currently own a cell
phone, and it varies on the brand names, so, users can download the application regardless of
the specifications of the phone.
Mobile applications are effective modes of marketing und introducing the product to a wider
audience, in addition it is a proven way of boosting the sales performance of the product.
There will be no longer advertising through newspapers or other forms of advertisements but
with the help of the mobility of phones, it will be a success
 Adapted front Wikipedia. the free encyclopedia (March 10. 2013)

Activity 2: Word Study

A. As you read the text again, find words whose meanings are given below. Work
individually first, and then compare your answers to your partner's. No.1is an example.

1. with the most recent information (line 2): updated

2. Written statement of how much money you must pay for something (line
6): .............................
3. significant increase in business (line
7):............................................................................
4. programs and applications that can be run on a computer system (line
8):...............................
5. collected or accumulated ......................................................................................
6. acts of selling things (line .....................................................................................
7. information for computer processing (line 21):......................................................
8. transfer or copy information from one computer to another or to a disk or onc
peripheral (line
27): ...............................................................................................................................

9. public notices of something for sale, services offered (line

30):..........................................

B. Match the words in column A with their synonyms in column B. An example is given.
ANSWERS
Column A Column B
1. e
1. Purposes 2. …………. a. Necessity
3. ………….. b. Demonstrated
2. Increase
4. ……….…. c. Objectives
3. Must 5. …………..
d. Possess
6. …………..
4. Accessed 7. ……….…. c. Augment
5. Requirements f. Exigencies
g- Gained
6. Own
7. Proves
Activity 3 : Comprehension
Read the text and give short answer to the questions below
1- Apart from making calls and sending messages what can modern mobiles phones do ?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
2- What are the consequences of smart phones boom ?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
3- How do smart phone applications help business people ?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
4- Point out what can be done through mobile phone applications
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
5- Give examples of mobile phones brands mentioned in the text
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
6- What other things can we do with mobile phones that are not mentioned in the text
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………

Activity 4: Language Function 1 – Expressing purpose

Here are four (4) sentences. Study them and complete the table below
them
Sentence 1: A mobile phone is used to make phone calls
Sentence 2: A mobile phone is used for making phone calls
Sentence 3: We use a mobile phone in order to make phone calls
Sentence 4: A mobile phone is used in order to make phone calls
Is used to +…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Is used
Oralfor +…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Task: What do you think about:
Is used in order to + …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
 - the prohibition of mobiles phones at school?
- mobile phones in our everyday life?

Activity 6: Sills Focus - Writing aProfessional Email

A. There are some attitudes to adopt or you must not adopt when writing an email.
Here them.
 Activity 4: Language Function 2 - Expressing Opinion Herc are
three (3) scntcnccs. Study them and say whai thc undcrlincd words
express.
- I think (that) we should invest in a new business.
- I really feel tliat télévision is ihe most efficient advertising médium.
- To my mind. thc company should launch their new product.
Weak opinions Neutral opinions Strong opinions 1
a. l'm inclincd to - In my opinion... . l'm convinccd /sure
think that... - 1 think / considcr / /positive that 1

b. 1 tend to think fccl that... - I strongly believe that...

that... - As I sec it... 1

- To my mind ... - 1 have absolutely no

- From my point of doubt that... 1

view ... - 1 definitcly / certainly

- I believe that... think that... \

- I really fccl that... 1

Oral Task: What do you think about:

- the prohibition of mobiles phones at school?

- mobile phones in our everyday life?

Activity 6: Sills Focus - Writing aProfessional Email

A. There are some attitudes to adopt or you must not adopt when writing an
email. Here them.
Lesson 2 The Internet
Brainstorming
Look at this picture and answer the following questions.
- What cquipmcnt do you sec on ihis picturc?
- What do you call the system which pcrmits thc connection ol many computers?
- How important is it?
Activity 1: Skimming
Read the text and drcle the letter (a-b-c-d) that best complétés the statement below.
7lie article is about
- the importance of the internet
- the main parts of computers
- the disadvantages of the internet
- the various applications of the internet
Thc internet is one of thc greatest inventions of humanity. It
is a massive network of Computers. Each with the ability to access of any others. Ungodly
amounts of information can bc found on thc internet. It is the ultimatc form of media, a
combination of 5 newspapers, radio, and télévision. Using the internet any two peoplc
anywhere can communicate for free, whether it is with text or voice. Video conferencing
tools are bccoming readily availablc to the public. 10
New uses are being found for thc internet every day Audio, video editing and compositions
have made much casier by computers. Cutting and pasting is no longer comprised of using
scissors and tape on large reels of films .lt no longer costs thousands of dollars of 15
equipment to make a film or to compose music. Now emerging musicians have the ability
to compose their own songs and publish them without having to obtain
a record contract. Amateur filmmakers can produce work from their own homes. Graphics
engineers can use computers to croate threc dimensional models, or even to gencrate short
or full length films. Anybody 20 who owns a computer can enter the field of media
production.
Computers have so many uses that cannot be found anywhere else. Word processors
are the perfect writing device because you can compose quickly and make changes
easily. Thc internet provides a fast, froc, and unique way to get information or to
communicatc with others. Computers supply an affordablc solution to non professional
audio and video composition. These reasons are why computers are so 25 helpful in
modem society .with the aid of computers, humankind is entering a new cra of
enlightenment
Adapted from IVikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Activity 2: Word Study
A. The words in Cotumn A am frr*«,.», .
ho loxt match
is an oxamplo. - them with iheir synonyms in Column B. N*1
Column A
1. Worldwide 1. d
(Lt)
2. ungodly 2........
(L3)
3. amounts 3........
(L4)
4. ultimate 4.......
(L5)
5. availablc 5........
(L9)
6. generate 6........
(L20)
7. device (L23) 7........
8. affordable 8........
(L24)
9. 9.......
enlightenment
(L26)
B. Compléta thls passage with the words in the box below. N*7 Is an oxamplo
Column B
- quantifies
- instrument, appliancc
- irreligious. profane
- across the world
c.casy to gct, to find
- greater understanding -,
- the very last
- produce something
i having moncy to buy something
M
affordable - worldwidely - generate - device - ultimate - enlightenment -
amounts
Large C1).................of money are being spent to build 'VITIB'. It will be hosted by
 Grand Bassam, a town situated in the south of Abidjan, the capital. This project will
surely
(2)....................a huge economic activity in this former capital, lt will also encourage
the (3)..........................of the young-skilled engineers in computer science. The
government ensures that this gigantic project is (4)...owing to an
(5).............. ..........aid from the financial bodies.
As we can see Cote d'Ivoire, in a near future will (6) be connected thanks
to an electronic (7) device: The computer.
Activity 3: Compréhension
Read the text again and answer these questions
1 - What is the most important technological discovcry of this century?
2 - What is the internet? And what is it used for?
4 . Ho\v hclptul (a thc computer for: a - on artist?

b - an amateur fllmmaker?

c- graphies cnginccr?

Activity 4: Language in Use - Agreeing and Disagreeing A. Study the following dialogue
and answer the questions below.

Studcnt A: I think that the Internet is thc most important invention today. Student B: I don't
agree with you. For me, the greatest invention is thc hybrid car.

What do the phrases in bold type express?

B. In the table below are some expressions which permit to express two kinds of ideas:
agreement and dlsagreement. Study them carefully.
Expressing opinions Fromal Style
Agreeing_

I agree with................

I cntirely agrée with......

I think that.................

I think that quite concct. That's my view /opinion

Disagreeing_

I disagrec......................

1 don't agree with..........

I don't go along with........

l'm afraid l'can't agree with 1 take a différent view*

C. Oral task: Use these expressions about agreement and disagreement to give your opinion
about the following assertion:
1. "Computers are more intelligent than humans"
2. "Computers work perfectly without a user".
Activity 5: Consolidation

Your classmate dlslikes the Int

encourage him to use lt. Writo becauso of Ils bad uses. Knowlng ihe Importance of the
Internet, try to

aiogue In whlch you convlnce hlm with strong arguments.

............-...............................................................
•miiMiiii
..............................................M....................
.............M....
•••••••••«•••■••a
'•••••«•(••Ittltii
Homework

A. The internet is more and more used by the governmcnt to give important information
to the populations. Sincc it is not availablc cvcrywhcrc in the country, make proposais to
facilitatc its access across the country.

B. These abbreviations are related to the use of the computer, find their full définitions

GIGO:.......

USB:
>•■• .....................

HTTP:.................................

HTM
L:....................................-.................................-........................................-..............................-.
........

MMS:............................................

SMS: ......................................
Email:..............................................

The Internet:.................................
m»............
................ ..............................
................
)|UHMIIIMH(MIMMM«l
IHM"««IHtMIHIIMIM»IMtMIHI
rnCi ......................................................

Ul ............................*................................

URL:................................................................-.......................................

WAP:_____________________________________________________________________
___________

WWW:...............-.........................................................-.....................
...........................................
II*••••••••••••••
••••••• IIHMIlIMMMI
ItWIMIKlM
Irregular Verbs