CONTENTS

VOCABULARY 2 PAGE

PART ONE
CONFUSING WORDS............................................................................... 2

1-1 CONFUSING WORD PAIRS 1 ....................................................2

1-2 CONFUSING WORD PAIRS 2 .................................................12
1-3 CONFUSING WORDS ................................................................14
1-4 CONFUSING VERBS ..................................................................18
1-5 CONFUSING WORDS ................................................................ 21

PART TWO
ANTONYMS and SYNONYMS....................................................................25

TEST YOURSELF 1 ....................................................................................39

TEST YOURSELF 2 ....................................................................................48

TEST YOURSELF 3 ....................................................................................57

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 PART ONE
CONFUSING WORDS

1-1 CONFUSING WORD PAIRS 1

1. unreadable (too boring; not worth reading)

illegible (physically impossible to read)

a) Could you send the facsimile message again please, as it hasn't printed this one very
clearly and parts of it are .........................?
b) George-Markstein's books are only interesting to those people who are fascinated by spies
and espionage; otherwise, they are totally ............................ .
c) He is always complaining about other people's handwriting, but actually his is pretty
............................ .
d) I started to read the Anglo-Saxon epic 'Beowulf', but the language was so archaic that I
found it ............................ .

2. compliment (to praise (verb); piece of praise (noun) )

complement (to go together well)

a) A: What colour tablecloths should we have for the wedding?

B: I think dark red would ............................ the flowers and then we could have pink
serviettes.
b) Her wedding bouquet is made up of red roses ............................ with pink carnations.
c) I wasn't sure about my new hairstyle, but some of my colleagues ............................ me on
it.
d) The office junior has reorganised the files well. I must remember to ............................ her
on her work.

3. unknown (not known, not famous)

infamous (famous for bad reasons)

a) That garage is ............................ for overcharging people and for poor workmanship. My
colleague recommended that I take my car somewhere else to be repaired.
b) The origin of corn is .......................... as it has been cultivated for so long that no wild
version of the plant exists.
c) Johnny 'the animal' Cooper was the ............................ thug who started the fight in the
'Bull and Bush' pub last night.
d) The singer was ............................ outside of her local area until a record producer took a
holiday in the town where she lived arid took her to London to make a record.

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4. ignore (to act as if something/somebody doesn't exist)
not know (to be unfamiliar with)

a) I have met her on a couple of club outings, but I do ............................ her well.
b) I decided to walk out of the shop without buying anything as the two shop assistants just
chatted and ............................ me completely.
c) Every time I try to start a conversation with him, he says something hurtful, so I have
decided to ............................ him.
d) I don't understand why she raises her hand every time the teacher asks a question even
when she does ............................ the answer.

5. voyage (act of travelling somewhere by sea, especially if it takes a long time)

journey (act of travelling somewhere, usually by land)

a) Columbus is often believed to be the first European to discover America, but Vikings had
made ............................across the Atlantic to Canada centuries before.
b) We visited a few Indonesian islands during our ............................. including Bali, which
was like paradise surrounded by a turquoise blue sea.
c) The ............................ from Istanbul to Kütahya by coach takes six hours and, as the coach
leaves at midnight, it arrives at 6 a.m., when nothing except a smoky cafe is open at the
bus station.
d) One of our tyres burst on the ............................. which delayed us a little

6. morale (feeling of confidence and discipline; state of mind)

moral (concerned with ideas of right and wrong (adj.); standards of behaviour as
judged by other people (noun, plural) )

a) People have no ............................ at all these days. When I was young, girls didn't go
drinking in bars — at least not in this town.
b) The debate on this law has been fierce, mainly because of the ............................ issues
connected with this proposed legislation.
c) Everyone likes the manager and ............................ has improved since he started.
d) The government has put a lot of pressure on doctors and nurses by increasing their
workloads, which has led to low ............................ in hospitals throughout the country.

7. dairy (place where milk products are made; milk products)

diary (book for daily records and appointments)

a) The local farmers were protesting because Muller’s ............................ was buying milk
from abroad to make their yoghurt.
b) I write any appointments I make for Dr Finley in his business ............................ and give
the patient an appointment card.
c) There are four refrigerators in the restaurant's kitchen. One for meat, one for fish, one for
salads and one for ............................ products.
d) The ............................ of Ann Frank gives us a detailed account of a Jewish family living
secretly to avoid deportation by the Nazis.

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8. first (before anyone or anything else)
at first (at the beginning)

a) Steve Redgrave was the .................... British athlete to win five gold medals at five
different Olympic Games.
b) We're going to take turns at the wheel on our journey, and Bill is going to drive
.............................. because the road will be busier in the early evening.
c) He found military life hard ............................. but later decided to make a career for
himself as a military officer.
d) Personal stereos weren't very popular ............................. but now it seems as if everyone
owns one.

9. lastly (the final item (in a list))

at last (in the end; after some delay)

a) Our business is making a reasonable profit.................... We have been working so hard for
so long without any reward.
b) ............................. to bring the evening to a close, the Mayor will make a short speech and
announce the fireworks.
c) They have sold their house ............................ . It had been for sale for almost 12 months,
but no one wanted it because it is so close to the river.
d) ............................. I would like to thank all the people who worked behind the scenes to
make this production a success.

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10. rob (rob someone/somewhere of something)
steal (steal something from someone/somewhere)

a) He was ............................ by aman as he came out of the mosque.

b) The man ............................ his entire wages, which he had just been given.
c) Gangs of youths have been ......................... ladies in cars by smashing their windows at
traffic lights and grabbing their handbags.
d) To avoid having your handbag ............................ in this way, place it out of sight under a
seat.

11. Invaluable (above price; worth too high to be measured)

valueless (without worth)

a) Most of the items in my briefcase are ............................ to anyone else, but they are
precious to me.
b) She thought the vase might have been a genuine Chinese Ming vase, but it was a/an
............................ mass-produced copy.
c) The professor is a/an ........................... source of knowledge about the history of the
Shetland Isles. In fact, he is considered the country's leading expert.
d) The authorities are removing the 16th-century tiles from ancient buildings in the area
before it is flooded as they are ............................ . They are the only ones of their kind in
existence.

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12. worthless (useless; having no value)
priceless (too precious to be given a price)

a) The antique golden locket given to her by her grandmother is ............................. but she
has refused to sell it to anyone although she badly needs the money.
b) I'm afraid, in this condition the machine is ............................ . I'd recommend you to buy a
new one instead of having it repaired.
c) According to the legend. Moses bought treasure with him from Egypt, but this has never
been found. If it were found, it would be ............................ and would probably go into a
museum.
d) Most of the coins he has collected from around the world are ............................today, but
one or two are worth hundreds of pounds because of their rarity.

13. misused (used incorrectly; treated badly)

disused (not used any more)

a) The old brewery has been ........................ for ten years, but the council refuse to allow a
shopping centre to be built on the site.
b) They train rock-climbing at weekends in the ............................ quarry.
c) Many French people ........................... the English word "sympathetic" because a similar
French word has a different meaning.
d) Despite being ......................... by recruits for years, the training submarine still works
perfectly.

14. fabricate (to make up something false; put together)

manufacture (to make in a factory)

a) The stranger told the villagers that he was a carpenter from Eskişehir, but after his arrest, it
became clear that he had ............................ the whole story.
b) The boys ............................ false identity cards hoping to be allowed into the night club.
c) The factory where she works ............................ motors for washing machines.
d) Most of the large factories in the area ............................ shoes.

15. unable (not able)

disabled (physically or mentally restricted or handicapped)

a) My sister is ........................ to participate in any sporting activities at school because of her

chronic asthma.
b) The new bus has been specially designed so that............................ persons and parents with
pushchairs can board easily.
c) I had to ask for my neighbour's help to move the wardrobe as I was ............................ to
move it on my own.
d) Even though he is .......................... he has a full-time job, drives a car and travels around
the world.

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16. unable (not able)
enable (make possible; give the opportunity)

a) Allen is disabled, but his house is fitted with a stair-lift, which ............................ him to
reach the upper floor.
b) He leads a reasonably normal life, considering he is ............................ to walk.
c) Until we purchased a machine from toe bank, we were ............................ to accept credit
cards.
d) We have purchased a machine from the bank, which will ............................ us to accept
credit cards from now on.

17. discover (find, either by chance or as a result of research, something that already exists)
uncover (remove a cover; expose, especially something that has been kept secret)

a) The nurse removed the bandage on nay leg today. She told me to leave the wound
............................ for a couple of days and not to get it wet.
b) When West Germany joined East Germany to form one country, the corruption in the East
was ............................ to the world.
c) When the remains-of canoes which date back to the Stone Age were ............................ it
became clear that canoes were used by early man.
d) After being hidden for 300 years, the ancient city of Petra was ............................. by a
Swiss explorer.

18. notorious (well-known, especially for something bad)

famous (very well-known, celebrated)

a) The English athlete Roger Bannister is ............................ for being the first athlete to run
the mile in less than four minutes.
b) Although the American bank robber John Dillinger's career lasted only a little more than a
year — from June 1933 to July 1934 — he became ............................ nationwide for being
the country's most wanted criminal.
c) Bustling Amsterdam, capital of the Netherlands, is ............................ for its scenic canals,
countless bridges and stately old houses.
d) The ............................ motorcycle gang known as Hell's Angels have committed a number
of violent crimes in the USA.

19. principal (first in importance; head of a school)

principle (guiding rule for behaviour, general law of cause and effect)

a) The four boys who had written graffiti on the school wall were brought before the
............................. who questioned them and told them they would he severely punished.
b) The ............................ reason for the shortage of doctors and nurses working for the
National Health Service is the long working hours.
c) She was so upset by the spiteful remarks that she wanted to shout at him, but as a woman
of ............................. she realised how unprofessional that would be and calmly asked him
how he had arrived at his conclusions.
d) Company accountants use several standard ............................. such as one that states that
fixtures and fittings in a business should be shown in the company records at their resale
value.

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20. sensible (having or showing good sense; practical)
sensitive (quickly or easily feeling the effect of something)

a) Joe had been ............................ and brought a packed lunch with him. The others had to
buy something on the train, which was expensive.
b) He wanted to go camping with his friends and. although he is a ............................ boy, his
parents didn't allow him to go as they were worried about his safety.
c) She can't wear fluffy junipers as it irritates her ............................ skin.
d) Don't worry, you won't have hurt her feelings. She is not a very ............................ person.

21. refuse (to choose not to accept or do something)

deny (to say something isn't true)

a) Despite all my begging, my father ............................ to allow me to go on holiday with my

friends.
b) The soldier was aware that he would get into trouble, but he still ............................ to obey
the order.
c) In court the soldier ............................ that he had disregarded what the sergeant had said.
d) He ............................ murdering his girlfriend and said he had been in London that day.

22. interfere (influence something or someone's business in an unwanted way)

interrupt (stop something/someone from doing something for a short time)

a) His business trip was ............................ because of a death in his family, but after the
funeral, he returned to complete his business.
b) Henry continually ............................ the professor with stupid questions as he was giving
his lecture.
c) The use of mobile phones is prohibited on some buses as they ............................ with the
computerised controls of the buses.
d) His father technically still owns the business, but he leaves the day-to-day running of it to
his son and tries not to ............................ too much.

23. discover (find, either by chance or as a result of research, something that already exists)
invent (make something for the first time)

a) The foundations of a Roman city were ............................ at Wroxeter near Shrewsbury.

b) The skull of a female ............................ In Kent is believed to be about 200,000 years old.
c) The first paper-making machine was ............................ in 1798 by a Frenchman called
N.L. Robert.
d) Willem Johan Kolff. a Dutchman, was a pioneer biomedical engineer who, in
1944, ............................ the kidney dialysis machine and later led the medical team that
implanted the first artificial human heart.

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24. adopt (to take as one's own)
adapt (to change or make suitable for a new situation)

a) After being abandoned at an orphanage, she was sent to Hong Kong, where she was
............................ by a Chinese couple.
b) The 19th-century German explorer Eduard Schnitzer was better known by his
............................ Turkish name, Emin Pasha.
c) The popular film musical "Greaser has recently been ............................ as a stag musical.
d) After winning the lottery, she didn't have much difficulty ............................ to being
wealthy.

25. prevent (stop from happening; stop somebody/some thing from doing something)
avoid (take action not to do something; keep away from something/somebody)

a) The fire doors, which had only hepn fitted last week, ............................ the fire from
spreading to the hotel rooms.
b) I'm afraid I have to admit that I have been ............................ Mary. I just can't bear to hear
any more about her son's business in Germany.
c) When she gave witness against her attacker in court, she ............................ looking at him
as it would upset her.
d) The goggles Simon wears ............................ his eyes from being damaged by flying sparks
from the welder.

26. travel (the general activity of moving from place to place)

journey (going from one place to another)

a) After university, she wants to ........................ around the world with her best friend.
b) With all the problems the world faces, I'm not sure what the point of space
c) The coach ........................... to Germany was uncomfortable, but the tour of the Black
Forest was enjoyable.
d) To escape from Iran, she had to make a dangerous ............................ across the mountains.

27. loose (not tied or held; not as tight as it should be)

lose (no longer have; be unable to find: not win)

a) I've ............................ the telephone connector for my computer, which, although a small
piece of plastic, is very important.
b) As the two cowboys stood in the desert, they wondered how their horses had
got ............................ .
c) Manchester United have recently ............................ to Liverpool for the first time in five
seasons.
d) When the boy promised not to tell the teacher, the bully let his hands ............................
from around the boy's throat.

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28. overtake (go past)
overcome (get the better of; weaken)

a) ............................ with pain, he passed out.

b) Lizzie ............................ her chronic shyness with the help of her friends.
c) He didn't have enough room to ............................ the lorry and nearly caused an accident.
d) George Bush ........................... Al Gore, who was leading at first, in the American
elections.

29. beside (next to)

besides (moreover; also; as well as)

a) There is a meadow ........................ the river, which makes a wonderful picnic place.
b) ............................ being inconvenient, anew staircase to replace the one destroyed in the
earthquake will cost a small fortune.
c) Although the bus was half empty, a strange-looking man with a long beard sat
down ............................. me.
d) I'd recommend you to take the train because it is quicker; ............................. if you drove
there, you would arrive tired.

30. presently (1. at the moment 2. soon)

currently (at the moment)

a) Would you take a seat? The doctor will see you ............................ .
b) Come on. Let's go to the side of the race track. The horse race will start ............................ .
c) Alpay, who previously played for Beşiktaş and Fenerbahçe, is .....................playing for
Aston Villa.
d) ............................. Michael and his wife are on a cruise around the Mediterranean, so they
definitely won't be able to come to the party.

31. specially (for a particular purpose; with a particular quality)

especially (more than in other cases: in particular)

a) Sandra has a gluten allergy, so her gravy was ............................ prepared without flour by
the chef.
b) 'Long Tall Sally' is a clothes shop, selling clothes ............................ designed for tall ladies.
c) I love cheesecake, ........................ American traditional cheesecake.
d) Old comedy films starring Norman Wisdom have become popular again, ............................
in Asia, where they are watched by millions.

32. genius (very great mental capacity; person with very great mental capacity)
genuine (true, real)

a) During most of Charles Dickens's childhood, his family were too poor to send him to
school, but that didn't prevent a boy of such ............................ from becoming a famous
writer.
b) At six, he can solve complicated mathematical problems. His teachers are sure that he is a
............................. .
c) You can buy a reproduction Georgian oak table for less than a thousand pounds, whereas a
............................ one costs over five thousand pounds.
d) While ............................ fur has lost its popularity, synthetic fur, known as fun fur, is in
fashion this year.

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33. stationary (not moving; immobile)
stationery (writing materials, e.g. pens, paper etc.)

a) I bought my mother a nice set of............................ in a presentation box.

b) The racing cars remain .......................... on the starting grid until they hear the starter's
gun.
c) Most street trams are powered by a ....................... electric generator, the power from
which reaches the tram by cables.
d) I don't know what happens to all the ............................ we order. No matter how many pens
I order, we still quickly run out

34. tasty (having a pleasant flavour)

tasteful (showing good quality; elegant; attractive)

a) White cheese salad with black olives makes a ............................ as well as a healthy snack.
b) I enjoyed the meal at the restaurant, but I didn't think the tablecloths were very
c) Tomatoes having ripened on the vine are much ............................ than those ripened during
transportation.
d) Their apartment is furnished unusually, but it is very ............................. .

35. confidently (act in a manner which shows you are sure of yourself)
confidentially (secretly; privately)

a) If any of you find out anything about this robbery, please call. Your telephone call will be
treated ............................ .
b) They are young amateurs, but at the concert last night, they played
c) The manager was told ............................ that Mr Higgins was suspected of falsifying the
accounts and that he should keep a dose watch on him.
d) You had better practise as many times as it takes before you can do it............................ .

36. human (of people)

humane (considerate; compassionate; merciful)

a) The two nuclear bombs dropped on Japan caused unparalleled ........................... suffering.
b) While digging in preparation for the foundations of the new supermarket, the workmen
found some .......................... bones.
c) The Chinese have been criticised for not having ............................ conditions in their
orphanages.
d) The law on prisoners of war states that they should receive ............................ treatment.

37. economic (concerned with trade and industry)

economical (not wasteful; money-saving)

a) ............................ growth in Turkey has been promising lately.

b) After years of ............................ prosperity, a recession is expected in the USA.
c) Taking a packed lunch to work usually works out more ............................ than buying
something at lunchtime.
d) A nice stew with lots of gravy and plenty of vegetables is quite an ............................ way
of feeding a family.

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 38. agree (have the same opinion; reach a joint decision; say you will do something)
accept (say yes to something: take someone's advice, opinion or suggestion)

a) She ............................ the doctor's advice and moved out of the city to a village in the
mountains, where the air was cleaner.
b) After her husband had pleaded with her, she ............................ to do what the doctor had
suggested.
c) I don't............................ on many issues with my business partner, but we both think
introducing the Euro as a currency would be good for the economy.
d) I am writing to confirm that I am pleased to ............................ the position of administrator.
I look forward to joining your company.

39. affect (verb)

effect (noun)

a) The flooding of the valley has ......................... about 30,000 people.

b) Moving to the city at the age often had a bad ............................ on him.
c) Years of working on a computer has ...................... his vision.
d) The ............................ of deforestation m the area are widespread and intense.

40. device (noun)

devise (verb)

a) Why don't you ask Bob next door? He has a ............................ for cutting ceramic tiles.
b) My mother's eyesight is failing, but she still sews and has a handy little ............................
for threading her needle.
c) American Indian tribes ...................... a method of sending signals over distances by using
smoke.
d) Clarence Birdseye ........................... a method of transporting and marketing frozen food.

NOTE : İsim ve fiil biçimi birbirine çok benzeyen bazı sözcükleri şöyle sıralayabiliriz:

NOUN VERB NOUN VERB

practice practise licence license

advice advise prophecy prophesy

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1-2 CONFUSING WORD PAIRS 2

Instruction: Choose the correct word in parenthesis in each of the following sentences.

1- The entire existence of Panama is connected with the (channel/canal) which shares its name

and joins the Atlantic with the Pacific Ocean.

2- Skiing is great fun, but it is also quite (exhausting/exhaustive). After a day's skiing, it is nice

to relax.

3- Isn't it a bit (hypocritical/hypercritical) of you to say you will call him when you want some

more painting done, after you told me he did such a terrible job?

4- The (prize/price) for the best entry is a trip to Paris.

5- I'm sorry, but we cannot accept your application as the deadline has (post/passed).

6- The mountain pass is normally (impossible/impassable) from November to February and

traffic has to go around the mountain.

7- What do you think of this one? It is (altogether/all together) more practical as it is made

from washable material.

8- I got to the meeting place as fast as I could, but my friends had (already/all ready) left.

9- We will be going over live to Jerusalem (at present/presently), but first let's get the opinion

of our former ambassador, who is in our studio.

10- The police suspect that a number of drug dealers (frequent/attend) this bar.

11- We have sold 2,000 tickets and are expecting (at last/at least) 700 more supporters to buy

their tickets at the gate.

12- The government plans to house refugees in special centres, where families may be separated

at night. Thus refugee support groups are concerned that foreigners will not be treated

(humanly / humanely).

13- His father agreed to (borrow/lend) him the money to open his own restaurant.

14- Maid Marion is the (heroin/heroine) in the legends of the folk hero Robin Hood.

15- In order to look his best, he bought a new (suit/suite) for the interview.

16- Being a doctor is a difficult (job/work) al times, but it is very rewarding.

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17- If either your mother or father was born in England, you are (illegible/eligible) to play in the

English team.

18- Because he was too frail to carry out any work, the condition of his house

(degenerated/deteriorated).

19- Nicotine is a common (stimulant/stimulus.), but in the long-term, it can act as a depressant.

20- The doctor's (advise/advice) for me was to join a gym and eat more healthily.

21- Lucy's mother is seriously ill, and the doctors say that there is no (treat/cure) for her illness.

22- Would you quickly (control/check) that everything in the function room is ready, while I get

ready to welcome our guests?

23- We'll definitely have to go shopping tomorrow as we have (hardly/hard) enough food for

today.

24- Serdar Ortaç is mainly (popular/populous) with young people.

25- The special is £3.95 for two courses. You can have a starter and main course or,

(alternately/alternatively) you can have a main course and a dessert.

26- When I (blink/wink) at you, go and fetch Sarah's birthday cake.

27- The manager is free at 2 p.m., if that is (convenient/comfortable) for you.

28- I had to take the CD back to the shop as it was (defective/deficient). They replaced it

without any argument.

29- Even as a pensioner, she is a really (industrial/industrious) woman. She has two part-time

jobs and looks after her grandchildren after school.

30- She could (eventually/possibly) have a throat-infection. Let's take her to the doctor's.

31- There is a (rumour/reputation) that he is having an affair with his secretary.

32- When her company gave her the (opportunity /possibility) of managing a branch, she

accepted it even though it was in Inverness.

33- The sun is very strong. Shall we sit in the (shade/shadow)?

34- What you did was (incredulously/incredibly) stupid.

35- The lady spoke with such a heavy accent that I was (unable/incapable) to understand

anything she said.

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1-3 CONFUSING WORDS

Complete each sentence by using a word from the list. Use each word only once, putting any verbs
into the correct form.

EXERCISE 1 : accuse arrest blame charge sentence

1- The two boys who had robbed the comer shop were originally ........................ to 15 years'
imprisonment, but it looks as though they may be released this year.
2- They took him to the police station for questioning, but in the end, they didn't have enough
evidence to .................... him with anything.
3- I would hate to be in the government because they get........................ for everything that goes
wrong, even for flooding.
4- The police ........................ nine youths in connection with the murder.
5- The businessman .......................... the government of breaking its promise to the people.

EXERCISE 2 : beat win earn acquire conquer

1- I........................ less in my new job, but despite this, I enjoy it more.

2- When they bought the farm, they ........................ a fishing lake, which they hire out to
anglers.
3- The Normans ........................ Britain in 1066 by defeating King Harold. Their leader was then
crowned king of England.
4- Until last week, Liverpool hadn't........................ Manchester United for five seasons.
5- Shrewsbury Town Football Club haven't........................ many matches this season.

EXERCISE 3 : living lively likely alike alive

1- The puppies of our pet dog are all ........................ except that one has a black patch on its
head.
2- When she saw him move his eyes, she was glad to find out that at least he was
........................ .
3- Hindus are careful to live without harming any ........................ things. Some even wear masks
so as to avoid swallowing flies.
4- It was a beautiful spring morning, and even the lambs looked particularly .........................
jumping about in the fields.
5- Marks and Spencer's announced record profits, so their shares are ........................ to rise.

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EXERCISE 4 fetch carry bring hold take

1- Her parents ........................ her and some of her possessions from the city where she attended
university when she finished school.
2- Before work in the morning, she ........................ the children to school in her car.
3- Wait a minute. I'll ........................ the door open for you.
4- Among the university students in Canada, parties are popular, and every guest
........................ something to eat to the host's house. In this way, the students can have a
party without it costing the host a lot of money.
5- When Heidi travelled around the world, she ........................ a fifty-five litre rucksack with
her on her back. It contained everything she needed.

EXERCISE 5 expect wait hope believe suppose

1- I ........................ we don't get too busy today as two of the waitresses are off due to illness.
2- I like to be punctual so that I don't keep people ........................ .
3- Please go straight in. Dr Smith is .................. you.
4- Although I don't........................ in ghosts, I felt rather strange when I visited the old manor,
which is said to be haunted, the other day.
5- ........................ that you inherited a large fortune from a relative. What would be your first
reaction?

EXERCISE 6 accept admit agree acknowledge approve

1- Believing that it is not respectful, my mother doesn't........................ of youths smoking in the

presence of their parents, but I think it isn't anything to do with respect.
2- Please ........................ this booking with a. letter confirming all the arrangements.
3- He ........................ lying about his family background, but he did it because he was ashamed.
4- I ........................ with you that volunteer work is valuable, but where my opinion differs from
yours is that I don't believe everyone has the time to do charity work.
5- He........................the compensation offered by the company on the understanding that he
would not discuss the matter with anyone.

EXERCISE 7 suggest advise recommend offer instruct

1- If you are eating at 'Traitors' Gate Restaurant". I can heartily ........................ the trout in
almond butter. It is delicious.
2- The professor strongly ........................ his students to read 'Fundamental Psychology' and
'Experiments in Behaviour' before starting the course. He believes they are essential reading
for anyone wishing to understand his lectures.
3- The officer ........................ his men to shoot anyone who tried to escape.
4- Jo ........................ having a real Christmas tree this year. What do you think?
5- I ........................ her a lift into town, but she said as it was a nice day, she would walk.

15
EXERCISE 8 refuse deny ignore dismiss exclude

1- The team was ........................ from the Olympic Games because it was proved that some of
the players had taken performance-enhancing drugs.
2- At first, the president strongly ........................ the allegations against him, but most people
didn't believe him because of his contradictory statements.
3- He was......................... from his job as a salesman for being rude to the customers.
4- I offered the sergeant a glass of whiskey, but he ........................ as they aren't allowed to
drink while on duty.
5- Having ........................ her mother's warnings, Cindy walked home from school through the
woods-all on her own.

EXERCISE 9 speak talk say tell comment

1- The manager ........................ Mary not to put any telephone calls through to his office.
2- Lots of people have ................... on how beautiful her garden is.
3- I'm trying to remember the name of the man who ......................... "A meal without wine is
like a day without sunshine."
4- Because her mother is Czech and her father English, and they live in France, she
can ...................... three languages fluently.
5- They stopped ........................ when I came into the room.

EXERCISE 10 : rise arise arouse raise ascend

1- A few years ago, the minimum age for drinking alcoholic drinks in Texas, USA was
........................ from 18 to 21.
2- Peter's promotion to manager ..................... a lot of resentment among the staff.
3- The training that Nicky underwent, which involved building a raft to reach an island in the
lake, doesn't appear to be connected to her work, but the task was designed to test how her
team would overcome any obstacles that ........................ unexpectedly.
4- The theory of global warming assumes that the temperature of the Earth will gradually
........................ as a result of the breakdown of a protective layer of ozone.
5- Funicular railways ........................ slopes by a system of cables, weights and pulleys.

16
EXERCISE 11 : discover invent find create devise

1- The character of the loveable bear called Winnie-the-Pooh was ........................ by A.A.
Milne.
2- When they cleared an area of South American rainforest, they ........................ some ancient
irrigation canals, which had been built by the Mayans.
3- I thought the earrings I borrowed from my friend were somewhere in the house, but 1 never
........................ them.
4- It is not clear precisely who ........................ the bicycle as it was developed in several stages.
5- Internet banking will not become popular until a better method of protecting personal
information is ......................... .

EXERCISE 12 : avoid miss abstain hinder prevent

1- The job of the doorman at the nightclub is to ........................ anyone who is too young or
drunk from entering.
2- He didn't know which way to vote, so he decided to ........................ .
3- There has been an accident on the Ankara highway, so it's best to ........................ that route.
4- I rushed back from the shops, but I still ............................ the start of the film.
5- The modernisation of this African country bas been ........................ by its debts to other
countries and progress has been slow.

EXERCISE 13 : curve cave carve carving cavity

1- If you are driving to Barnt Green, watch out for the nasty bend in the road, where the road
suddenly ........................ sharply to the left.
2- Some species of the squirrel family rely on underground refuges for escape from predators,
while the tree-climbing species retreat to their nests, which are made in the ........................ of
trees.
3- While he was in prison, he learnt how to .......................... wooden figures.
4- Some of his ........................ arc now quite sought after and valuable.
5- Some of the first paintings, which were of hunters and animals, were made on the walls
of........................ .

1-4 CONFUSING VERBS

17
1- raise, raised, raised (lift up; transitive)
rise, rose, risen (1. appear above the horizon (the sun) 2. go up; intransitive)

a) The cost of owning a small hotel or guest house has ........................ since the UK joined
the EU. Of course, safety measures are for the protection of guests, but they are very
expensive.
b) In the Sahara Desert, the temperature of the sandy surface may ...................... to 77° C or
more during the day in Summer, but the land cools rapidly when the sun sets, and then
temperatures may drop to 10° C.
c) As soon as they had conquered the town, they ........................ the confederate flag up the
flagpole.
d) At Christmas time, some shopkeepers ....................... their prices.

2- arise, arose, arisen (come into existence, intransitive)

arouse, aroused, aroused (awaken, transitive)

a) The author Aziz has ........................ the interest of readers from all sections of the
community.
b) The move to increase the number of years of compulsory education ........................ some
opposition at the time.
c) The Chairman dealt ably with all the questions which ........................ during the meeting.
d) An unforeseen problem ..................... with my Christmas lunch. The pheasant I had
planned to roast smelt rotten, and so we had to eat something else.

3- bear, bore, borne (1. carry 2. endure)

born (given birth to)

a) Jack Nicholson, who was ....................... on April 22, 1937, was cared for by his
grandmother when his father abandoned his family.
b) Old Mr. O'Hara's constant nagging was hard to ......................... but he had positive
qualities as well.
c) Sophie's daughter was ........................ earlier than the doctors expected, but she is
perfectly healthy.
d) The Irish Republican army first .......I.................. weapons and trained for combat against
the British army in 1916.

4- bind, bound, bound (tie up)

bound, bounded, bounded (1. border 2. jump)

a) As the leopard leaped towards the deer, they ........................ off in all directions.
b) Tajikistan, formerly the southernmost republic of the Soviet Union, is ........................ by
Afghanistan, China, Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan.
c) She wore her hair long and ........................ with a black velvet ribbon.
d) In the office, we have a machine for ........................ reports with a plastic comb.

5- cost, cost, cost (be of a certain price)

cost, costed, costed (calculate the cost of something based on the expense of producing it)

18
 a) We have ........................ your suggestion for the dinner party menu and, unfortunately, it
comes to twice our budget.
b) Accommodation ..................... more in Istanbul than it does in Ankara.
c) I had to have a decent dress made for my sister's wedding, and it..........................me a
small fortune.
d) The accountant ........................ both replacing the old machinery and burying new more
efficient machinery and decided that the latter would bring in more revenue in the long-
term.

6- fall, fell, fallen

fell, felled, felled (cut down)

a) One tree is ........................ for every 100,000 pieces of junk mail we receive.
b) The German ambassador to Macedonia was accused of ........................ a fir tree from a
protected area. He wanted it as a Christmas tree.
c) One of the boxes ...................... off the lorry before the goods were delivered.
d) She broke her leg when she.................... while climbing a tree.

7- find, found, found

found, founded, founded (establish)

a) When the maid was cleaning the hotel room, she ........................ a diamond ring, which
she handed into reception.
b) UNICEF, which was ...................... in 1946 to carry out war relief in Europe, is now
concerned with the welfare of children in developing countries.
c) When they were clearing out their mother's house, they ........................ a box containing
their grandfather's medals.
d) At twelve, Andrew Carnegie was a Scottish immigrant earning $1.20 a week, but later he
gained a large fortune, with which he ........................ libraries and charities.

8- grind, ground, ground (crush into powder)

ground, grounded, grounded (compel to stay on the ground, e.g. planes, ships)

a) The pilot was ......................... for medical reasons.

b) The shop is a specialist coffee shop, which ................... coffee beans on the premises.
c) After the horrific mid-air explosion on a Concorde, all similar aircraft were
........................ .
d) The popular Hungarian dish known as Goulash is flavoured with paprika, which is made
from red peppers which have been dried and ........................ .

9- hang, hung, hung (suspend something)

hang, hanged, hanged (kill someone by hanging)
a) It is distressing to think what could have possibly been going through a little girl's mind
for her to have ........................ herself.
b) The famous painting 'Mona Lisa' is ........................ in the Louvre Museum in Paris.
c) When the Vikings first came to Britain, it was to wage war and they plundered churches
and ........................ the monks from trees. In some cases, they killed entire communities.
d) As soon as he opened the shop, the butcher ........................ the joints of meat on a hook in
the window of his shop.
10- lie, lay, lain (puf oneself on a horizontal surface or in a resting position; intransitive)
lay, laid, laid (put; transitive)

19
 a) During my week in Spain, I just........................ on the beach and did absolutely nothing.
b) Fritz was furious to see a stranger ........................ on the sun lounger on which he had
....................... his towel earlier to make sure no one else would use it.
c) It wasn't sensible of you to have ........................ on the damp grass for hours. No wonder
you're now coughing so badly.
d) According to legend. Sir Walter Raleigh ........................ his coat on the ground so that the
Queen wouldn't get her feet muddy.

11- load, loaded, loaded (fill with goods, materials)

laden (weighed down)

a) The fishermen pulled in their heavy nets ........................ with fish.

b) King John's army moved slowly as the soldiers were ........................ with heavy armour.
c) The florist........................ her van with the day's orders.
d) After he had ....................... all the boxes onto the lorry himself, he felt a terrible pain in
his back.

12- strike, struck, struck (hit)

stricken (affected or overcome, e.g. with fear, disease etc.)

a) In 1965, a cyclone ........................ Pakistan killing 65.000 people.

b) He was killed when the train he was travelling on ....................... a goods train.
c) The author became ........................ with depression and wrote very little in his last years.
d) Within three months of moving to South America, she was ......................... with malaria.

13- see, saw, seen

saw, sawed, sawed/sawn (cut with a saw)

a) Despite all its crowds and congestion, Paris remains a city known for its sublime beauty
and style, and really is a place worth ......................... .
b) She ........................ all the branches off the bush and then dug the roots up.
c) That was without doubt the funniest thing I had ever ........................ .
d) My father made this table himself. He even ........................ the wood himself.

14- wind, wound, wound (twist, turn)

wound, wounded, wounded (injure)

a) My vacuum cleaner has a handy feature which you can ........................ the cable around
So that you can put it away tidily.
b) The fisherman ........................ his line back onto his reel, packed his things up and
walked home without any fish.
c) All the passengers were ........................ and one of them died while being taken to
hospital.
d) He could never work again after he was badly ........................ in the civil war.

1-5 CONFUSING WORDS

20
Instruction: Choose the correct answer.

1- Most of the cars on sale in the UK are .......... in other countries, where the labour is
much cheaper.

A) fertilised B) grown
C) materialised D) fabricated
E) manufactured

2- Medical records held in the UK are .......... and can only be shown to the patient or, in
the case of children, to a parent or guardian.

A) complex B) conflicted
C) confident D) confidential
E) confusing

3- The pop singer Tarkan was .......... in Turkey until he returned from Germany.

A) infamous B) faithful
C) unknown D) genius
E) invaluable

4- There was no point in .......... his involvement with the drugs gang as he was caught with
£1,000 worth of heroin.

A) implementing B) denying
C) adopting D) discovering
E) evolving

5- The sponge cake had .......... nicely and was light and fluffy. In fact, it was just as it
should be.

A) risen B) aroused
C) raised D) arisen
E) ascended

6- The .......... from Inverness to Aviemore is shorter in summer, when the mountain pass
is open.

A) travel B) journey
C) voyage D) cruise
E) vacation

7- The porters had no equipment or protective clothing, but they had one thing that
proved .......... in the end; local knowledge of the mountain paths.

21
 A) genuine B) worthless
C) invaluable D) costly
E) predictable

8- If Aston Villa .......... Manchester United this afternoon, I will be the happiest man alive.

A) gain B) score
C) conquer D) beat
E) win

9- Jessie .......... me how to ice skate yesterday, but I think it will take some time before I
feel confident doing it.

A) complied B) demonstrated
C) suggested D) showed
E) invited

10- Gary is such a cowardly person that he is frightened of his own ......... .

A) shadow B) shade
C) extinction D) figure
E) existence

11- Later this year, fox hunting with hounds is .......... to be banned in England.

A) lively B) likely
C) alike D) likeable
E) alive

12- It is the responsibility of the .......... to ensure that the school runs smoothly.

A) principal B) principle
C) morale D) moral
E) justice

13- Would all the customers proceed to the cash registers, please, as the store will be
closing ..........?

A) currently B) gradually
C) presently D) permanently
E) momentarily

14- Tiger's eye stone is almost ........... but despite this, it is my favourite stone. This also
means that I can buy some whenever I like.

22
 A) priceless B) viable
C) invaluable D) worthy
E) valueless

15- What a lovely necklace, and it.......... your earrings.

A) matches B) suits
C) compliments D) appeals
E) fits

16- A lot of the other shopkeepers in our centre bought our daughter a .......... for her
birthday.

A) price B) prize
C) reward D) gift
E) medal

17- I'm ......... to dust, so I tie a scarf around my face when I'm cleaning dusty places.

A) emotional B) sensitive
C) senseless D) sensible
E) sensational

18- Not until they were far away from the dark forest did Mortimer .......... his grip on his
mother's hand.

A) tie B) find
C) lose D) break
E) loosen

19- The bandits rarely attacked the local people. They mainly ........ travellers.

A) rubbed B) wound
C) stole D) robbed
E) broke into

20- We wasted an hour .......... about the Christmas party and didn't discuss many of the
points on the agenda.

A) talking B) saying
C) telling D) agreeing
E) accepting

21- She is twenty-four years old, but as she is still studying, she is ......... on her parents
financially.

23
 A) dependent B) reliable
C) sensible
PART D)TWO
deficient
ANTONYMS
E) portable and SYNONYMS
22- I apologise for the handwriting, which is almost......... but with my right arm in plaster,
I had to write with my left hand.

A) unreadable B) eligible
C) illegible D) illiterate
E) distracting

23- ENIAC — Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator — the first electronic
digital computer ......... by J.P. Eckert and J.W. Mauchly in 1946, was the prototype for
most computers in use today.

A) discovered B) indicated
C) derived D) invented
E) displayed

24- The .......... military barracks were converted into a local hospital.

A) diffused B) disused
C) amused D) refused
E) misused

25- He always calls when you are out of the office. I think he must be trying to .......... you.

A) prevent B) dissuade
C) defeat D) deny
E) avoid

24
Sözcük dağarcığınızı geliştirmenin diğer bir yolu, öğrendiğiniz sözcüğün eşanlamlısını ve zıt
anlamlısını da öğrenmektir. Böylece, birini hatırladığınızda diğerlerini hatırlamak daha kolay
olacaktır.

EXERCISE 1 : Match each word on the left below with its synonym on the right.

......... 1- debatable a) soak up

......... 2- courageous b) approximately
......... 3- roughly c) devastating
......... 4- absorb d) claim
......... 5- allegation e) pushy
......... 6- decent f) meticulously
......... 7- diligently g) build up
......... 8- expansion h) questionable
......... 9- disastrous i) restricted
......... 10- abrupt j) brave
......... 11- jeopardise k) endanger
......... 12- assertive l) sudden
......... 13- limited m) proper
......... 14- abandon n) growth
......... 15- accumulate o) desert

EXERCISE 2 : Match each word on the left with its antonym on the right.

.......... 1- concrete a) adverse

.......... 2- abundance b) abstract
.......... 3- barren c) variable
.......... 4- lessen d) increase
.......... 5- favourable e) scarcity
.......... 6- transitory f) natural
.......... 7- broad g) fertile
.......... 8- artificial h) failure
.......... 9- fixed i) narrow
.......... 10- essential j) voluntary
.......... 11- sink k) straightforward
.......... 12- achievement l) eternal
.......... 13- defiant m) float
.......... 14- obscure n) obedient
.......... 15- compulsory o) dispensable

25
EXERCISE 3 : Each word on the left below has a synonym and an antonym in the list at the
bottom. Find these words and write them hi their places.

SYNONYM ANTONYM
1- uneven rough smooth .

2- alike ................................ ................................

3- worsen ................................ ................................
4- dawn ................................ ................................
5- damp ................................ ................................
6- extremely ................................ ................................
7- cunning ................................ ................................
8- speed up ................................ ................................
9- disregard ................................ ................................
10- conceal ................................ ................................
11- trivial ................................ ................................
12- weak ................................ ................................
13- extravagant ................................ ................................
14- erratic ................................ ................................
15- plentiful ................................ ................................
16- gather ................................ ................................
17- intentional ................................ ................................
18- exactly ................................ ................................
19- achieve ................................ ................................
20- affluence ................................ ................................

indifference slow down thrifty intensely

naive dry slightly scarce
disperse deliberate accidental moist
rough smooth improve similar
wasteful feeble major poverty
accomplish precisely deteriorate sunset
different sunrise assemble deceitful
accelerate respect fail roughly
prosperity ample irregular insignificant
strong reveal hide steady

26
EXERCISE 4 : Choose the synonym for the word in bold type.

1- The principal advantage of her moving to a smaller house is that there won't be so much
housework and repairs to do.

A) refusal B) disinterest
C) greed D) benefit
E) rejection

2- Led by Genghis Khan, the Mongol army was virtually all cavalry, and the quality of their
horsemanship was unmatched by any other army.

A) unreliable B) outnumbered
C) merciless D) irrespective
E) unequalled

3- At school he always seemed very bright compared with the other children, but when he
started university, he realised that he wasn't always going to be top of the class.

A) stupid B) elegant
C) clever D) systematic
E) superior

4- If you sail in this storm, you are endangering the lives of the passengers and the crew.

A) rationalising B) jeopardizing
C) criticising D) terrorizing
E) familiarising

5- Her kitchen was sparsely decorated, but on the table was a glass jar with bluebells in it,
which are abundant in the area at this time of year.

A) plentiful B) bashful
C) likeable D) sensible
E) marvellous

6- You have to be a bit more assertive to get the staff to clean the kitchen properly.

A) unfriendly B) hostile
C) merciless D) pushy
E) violent

7- It was not easy to find a school in the area where she would get a decent education.

A) superior B) reliable
C) proper D) significant
E) privileged

27
8- The use of the hotel's restaurant is limited to hotel guests only.

A) genuine B) vital
C) inadequate D) residential
E) restricted

9- My sister bought me a really beautiful porcelain figure for my birthday.

A) invaluable B) priceless
C) plain D) lovely
E) petty

10- When I had finished my report, I took it to the stationery store and had it bound in a see-
through blue plastic cover.

A) transparent B) radiant
C) obsolete D)opaque
E) shiny

11- Often called the "Napoleon of Iran", Nader Shah was a ruthless king whose harshness
toward his subjects became more pronounced the longer he was in power.

A) pitiful B) fearless
C) merciless D) offensive
E) irresistible

12- Although she said she had done it by mistake. I'm sure she put salt in his tea deliberately.

A) meaningfully B) intentionally
C) considerably D) irrelevantly
E) accidentally

13- Of course, we couldn't use a real jewel-encrusted gold sword in the school play, but
Malcolm's mother made a good replica from cardboard, gold wrapping paper and glass
beads.

A) likeable B) loyal
C) sincere D) genuine
E) fake

14- Because he is so vain, he is not very popular among his co-workers.

A) generous B) conceited
C) neglectful D) greedy
E) cruel

15- The only room in the hotel where smoking is not permitted is the breakfast room.

A) banned B) prohibited
C) allowed D) rehearsed
E) practised

28
16- I was quite enthusiastic about the idea of a school reunion, but most of my friends appeared
indifferent.

A) hopeless B) sensitive
C) uninterested D) sensible
E) excited

17- Since I had gone to bed rather late last night, I got up for work this morning unwillingly.

A) anxiously B) reluctantly
C) demandingly D) sarcastically
E) principally

18- He had promised to be home by 10 o'clock, so his mother was anxious when he still hadn't
turned up although it was 11.

A) concerned B) grieved
C) sincere D) bored
E) furious

19- The concert came to a sudden ending with a tremendous clash of cymbals.

A) keen B)abrupt
C) restless D) permanent
E) disputed

20- Although usually very reliable, automated systems can malfunction, so an entire system may
fail to operate properly if there is a single error in setting it up.

A) erroneous B) sympathetic
C) time-saving D) dependable
E) dedicated

21- The tall fir tree was embellished with cream silk bows and shiny silver balls for the
Christmas party.

A) embroidered B) harvested
C) grown D) felled
E) adorned

22- It is best to insure your possessions against Bre and theft.

A) vehicles B) treasures
C) garments D) residents
E) belongings

23- The town of Shrewsbury seems to have developed in a particularly unsystematic way.

A) haphazard B) scheduled
C) rational D) senseless
E) regional

29
24- All the efforts he made to prevent the flood water from entering his house proved futile.

A) barren B) useless
C) flexible D) disloyal
B) efficient

25- Although we have an excess of butter in the UK. the price remains high.

A) dairy B) production
C) shortage D) surplus
E) growth

26- Botswana is a sparsely populated country. With an area of about 581.700 square kilometres
and a population of 1,406.000, it has about 2 persons per square kilometre.

A) proportionally B) abundantly
C) thinly D) densely
E) inadequately

27- The market in Wellington has been in continual operation since the 13th century.

A) intermittent B) uninterrupted
C) profitable D) economical
E) essential

28- Bicycling is basically a simple activity that people of all ages can enjoy. However, certain
techniques of pedaling can improve both the pleasure and the efficiency of cycling.

A) severely B) essentially
C) accurately D) practically
E) utterly

29- Since his dog got run over last week, he has been miserable.

A) envious B) suicidal
C) rebellious D) sorrowful
E) irritated

30- I wish I hadn't had to reject their offer, but I had too much work to do at the time to leave
with them.

A) prevent B) avoid
C) deny D) accept
E) refuse

30
EXERCISE 5 : Choose the opposite of the word in bold type.

1- These bedcovers are made from synthetic fibres.

A) artificial B) industrial
C) fake D) natural
E) sweaty

2- Our next door neighbour, Mr. Taylor, is always respectful to others.

A) fearless B) inconsiderate
C) heartfelt D) powerless
B) grateful

3- So far we have found the new cashier totally capable in her job.

A) incompetent B) justified
C) disabled D) authoritarian
E) inappropriate

4- Black slaves played a major, though compulsory, role in laying the economic foundations of
the United States — especially in the South.

A) widespread B) immense
C) unwilling D) voluntary
E) efficient

5- Marks and Spencer's prepared meals, which just need to be heated, are delicious.

A) frozen B) degant
C) tasteless D) inexpensive
E) nutritious

6- She jumped and screamed at the sight of a gigantic spider.

A) sharp B) narrow
C) huge D) vast
E) tiny

7- I'm glad that you have chosen a pattern which will be quite simple to knit.

A) complicated B) interesting
C) plain D) pleased
E) calculated

8- She opened the door and saw a strange face looking back at her.

A) sincere B) sensible
C) relative D) familiar
E) unusual

31
9- She used her job at the newspaper to hide the truth about her boyfriend.

A) reveal B) expel
C) falsify D) justify
E) vanish

10- The longer you keep it, the more the value wilt diminish.

A) subside B) multiply
C)increase D) widen
E) enlarge

11- Can you attach the application forms and the personal information sheets and leave them on
my desk?

A) depart B) weld
C) join D) detect
E) separate

12- In general, he was a deceitful person and everyone knew this.

A) fruitful B) sincere
C) popular D) vain
E) trivial

13- The leaders met to discuss a permanent solution to the problem.

A) peaceful B) convenient
C) suitable D) temporary
E) recognised

14- The children were amazed when, in the film, the witch vanished with a crack of thunder.

A) progressed B) declined
C) retreated D) appeared
E) exploded

15- Margaret found her new neighbours amiable.

A) boring B) affectionate
C) unfriendly D) fussy
E) sociable

16- The number of people found alive has not been confirmed yet.

A) dead B) surviving
C) wounded D) lethal
E) disabled

32
17- The movement of people -within the nation's borders has drastically altered the distribution
of Mexico's population.

A) chiefly B) slightly
C) exclusively D) severely
E) solely

18- He was captured three days after he had escaped from the prison.

A) executed B)abandoned
C) surrounded D) released
E) jailed

19- The tribe lives in a fertile area of South America.

A) scenic B) floral
C) barren D) deserted
E) rough

20- Their new offices are decorated with innovative designs.

A) fussy B) faded
C) trendy D) fashionable
E) traditional

21- For centuries, the Bosporus has played an important role in the defence of Constantinople,
now Istanbul.

A) undeniable B) insignificant
C) considerable D) strategic
E) dramatic

22- The accident inspectors found out that the vehicle's new brake pads had been fitted properly.

A) seriously B) subsequently
C) incorrectly D) adversely
E) solely

23- Only a few of the firemen at the fire staüon have had sufficient training to deal with this sort
of fire.

A) appropriate B) adverse
C) unstable D) inadequate
E) qualified

24- She is famous in some countries outside of Japan.

33
 A) infamous B) unknown
C) notorious TEST YOURSELF
D) celebrated 1
E) illiterate

25- Despite the weather, they managed to ignite the fire.

A) extinguish B) frustrate
C) dampen D) loosen
E) improve

26- A computer is essential for this job.

A) problematic B) startling
C) vital D) artificial
E) superfluous

27- It is pretty unbending about the hours that he wants you to work.

A) rigid B) straight
C) flexible D) uneven
E) debatable

28- The new manager is knowledgeable about the safety regulations..

A) regretful B) persistent
C) harmless D) ignorant
E) accurate

29- The amount he has quoted me for painting the outside of our house seems sensible.

A) unreasonable B) serious
C) adequate D) generous
E) priceless

30- Such a long speech for this occasion seemed unsuitable.

A) precise B) appropriate
C) sophisticated D) stylish
E) formal

34
1- Germany's ............. of the Euro as a currency has led to a fall in the value of the
German mark.

A) tolerance B) sensibility
C) maturity D) relativity
E) acceptance

2- There has been a great ............ in his speech since he has been seeing a speech
therapist.

A) rejection B) construction
C) allowance D) improvement
E) invention

3- I've polished all the bass handles. See how ............. they are now!

A) greasy B) shiny
C) airy D) slippery
E) rusty

4- ............. is necessary in public transportation as commuters cannot be kept waiting.

A) Endurance B) Coherence
C) Punctuality D) Validity
E) Optimism

5- His ............. to work overtime counted against him when he applied for a promotion.

A) reluctance B) inefficiency
C) bravery D) cowardice
E) abundance

6- Although she thought her imprisonment was unjustified, the police didn't have to
force her to come to the jaü. She walked freely and in a ............. manner into the police
station.

A) cowardly B) wise
C) verifiable D) legal
E) dignified

7- Last night, I didn't want to be ............. to put some newspaper on the windscreen of
my car, so this morning I had to scrape the ice off.

A) prohibited B) compelled
C) missed D) bothered
E) raised

8- The introduction of closed-circuit television in the High Street has virtually .............
street crime in the area.

35
 A) licensed B) cautioned
C) eliminated D) persisted
E) suggested

9- In the middle of Steven's birthday party, we had to rush Lucy to hospital. Half way
there, we had a flat tyre and had to call a taxi from a restaurant, and the baby was
born at midnight. It was quite a/an ............. night.

A) useful B) eventful
C) appropriate D) irrelevant
E) inventive

10- He said that he earned £50.000 a year, but I think he was .............. .

A) spreading B) expanding
C) stretching D) exaggerating
E) growing

11- After the incident, the Chairman was ............. from his post while a full investigation
took place.

A) suspended B) concluded
C) sentenced D) arrested
B) executed

12- We built a snowman this morning, but by lunchtime, it had ............. in the spring
sunshine.

A) frozen B) creased
C) melted D) sliced
E) solidified

13- As he runs a hotel, he is busy early in the morning and very late at night, so he often
takes a ............. in the afternoon to make up for his inadequate night

A) hassle B) nightmare
C) menace D) nap
E) relief

14- I had hoped my brother had learnt how to behave after two years in prison, so I
was ............. disappointed when he got into trouble again.

A) barely B) ultimately
C) precisely D) bitterly
E) virtually

15- When we were in the area, we had a tour of the distillery, where most of the villagers
are ............. either full-time or part-time.

36
 A) rehearsed B) employed
C) recreated D) manufactured
E) fabricated

16- When she placed her blouse on a very hot radiator, it ............. the fabric and ruined
the blouse.

A) scorched B) ironed
C) scratched D) damped
E) drilled

17- He ......... in relief when he managed to brake in time to avoid hurting the girl badly.

A) diverted B) raged
C) sighed D) perspired
E) resented

18- We all found it............ when the boss asked Sally to come straight back to work after
the funeral of hex sister-in-law.

A) avid B) willful
C) considerable D) inconsiderate
E) listless

19- He hugged his son, which was unusual because he wasn't normally very.............. .

A) skeptical B) affectionate
C) moderate D) obsessive
E) defiant

20- The mansion is ............. by dense forest, which provides a wonderful place for the
children to play in.

A) inaccessible B) surrounded
C) fortified D) variable
E) mobile

21- We were very hungry as we had skipped lunch, so we wanted to eat a/an .............
dinner at a restaurant, with soup, a main course, salad and dessert.

A) substantial B) light
C) crispy D) ordinary
E) incredible

22- I never worry about asking the manager questions. With his helpful manner, he is
very ............. .

37
 A) interfering B) optimistic
C) assimilated D) approachable
E) interrupted

23- After her father died, her mother barely made a living cleaning, and she and her four
siblings lived in .......... .

A) abundance B) efficiency
C) ambiguity D) relation
E) poverty

24- The chemical which has been ............. in the river not only smells awful, but it is also
toxic.

A) drowned B) spoilt
C) spilt D) splashed
E) split

25- We've already had enough snow to block village roads, but even more is ............. for
the weekend.

A) prolonged B) forecast
C) prejudged D) signaled
E) indicated

26- Rapid ............. of the Earth has disturbed the habitat of many plant and animal
species, forcing some of them into extinction.

A) deforestation B) communication
C) distillation D) stagnation
E) revelation

27- Because there are quite a few items to be discussed on the agenda, it is ............. that
the meeting win finish later than usual.

A) gradual B) habitual
C) trivial D) likely
E) lengthy

28- After I injured my ankle getting of the bus just two days before my holiday, I had
to ............. my reservation at the skiing resort.

A) prepare B) collapse
C) caution D) adjourn
E) cancel

29- He is generally a good-tempered person, but when he drinks, he becomes .............. .

38
 A) bashful B) sensible
C) sober D) excited
E) violent

30- Despite all the publicity and environmental initiatives, the ............. of the population
still does nothing to help conserve natural resources.

A) subdivision B) section
C) majority D) department
E) compartment

31- Although the product is not heavy, it is quite expensive to import as it is ............ and
takes a lot of space.

A) bumpy B) bulky
C) lumpy D) crunchy
E) tiny

32- My daughter is doing very well at university and appears to have a ............... future.

A) returnable B) desperate
C) coincidental D) charitable
E) promising

33- The patient was quite hopeful that the operation would be .........

A) threatening B) faithful
C) successful D) restless
E) frustrating

34- While I was on holiday, I grew a beard, and when I returned to the office, the security
guard didn't. ................. me.

A) memorise B) establish
C) recollect D) recognise
E) conclude

35- As soon as the ship hit the rocks, a distress signal was .............. which was received by
another ship sailing in the vicinity.

A) accumulated B) hindered
C) interfered D) revealed
E) transmitted

36- We are building a/an ............. to our house over the garage. It will house a bedroom

39
 and an additional bathroom.

A) consequence B) extension
C) calculation D) development
E) adjustment

37- This textbook on chemical engineering is written for experts and would be ............. to
any student that didn't have a thorough understanding of the subject.

A) illegible B) incomprehensible
C) mispronounced D) immeasurable
E) inseparable

38- My brother is ............. by ancient English history and owns hundreds of books on the
Celts, the Vikings and the Saxons.

A) complicated B) prepared

C) restored D) fascinated
E) brightened

39- Just as doctors use X-rays to find hidden diseases inside the human body,
manufacturers use the same radiation to find flaws inside a product, because X-rays
can ........... even the thickest material.

A) unfold B) fasten
C) penetrate D) glorify
E) devastate

40- John found Steve's comments very ............. . He was so upset that he didn't speak to
him for days.

A) hurtful B) beneficial
C) powerless D) defensive
E) violent

41- I blew the balloon up too much and it ............... .

A) shrank B) burst
C) creased D) dissolved
E) exploded

42- Russell's Swiss army knife was quite ............. -when we were camping last week as it
has a can opener, a bottle opener and even a screwdriver on it.

A) varied B) touchy
C) charitable D) invisible
E) handy

40
43- Thanksgiving is celebrated on the fourth Thursday in November in the United States,
so it falls on a different ............ every year.

A) function B) interval
C) century D) date
E) ceremony

44- I hadn't guessed Mary and Julie are sisters, probably because they don't ............. each
other at all.

A) compete B) assemble
C) predict D) adjust
E) resemble

45- Because of the heavy snow, some of the villagers were left ........... in the mountains for
two days until the rescue team reached them.

A) stranded B) publicized
C) insistent D) indecisive
E) constructive

46- We had nothing to eat or drink and they didn't offer us any ............. on the bus.

A) favourites B) destinations
C) refreshments D) nutrients
E) ingredients

47- I haven't been feeling well for two weeks now. I think I need some ............. advice
from a pharmacist or a doctor.

A) surgical B) medical
C) literary D) fictional
E) culinary

48- In the 1980s, pollution in the city had reached a critical level, threatening the lives of
people with heart conditions and respiratory problems, but with certain measures
since then, the situation has .......... .

A) deteriorated B) proceeded
C) substituted D) improved
E) persisted

41
49- Recently in the UK, many farmers have been changing from using .............. fertilisers
to using natural ones.

A) artificial B) ceaseless
C) manageable D) existent
E) dispensable

50- Through careful ............. the police were able to prove his involvement with organised
crime.

A) sentence B) surveillance
C) dependence D) resistance
E) acceptance

51- Thanks to the aeroplane's safety chute, which ............. the passengers to leave the
aircraft quickly after the emergency landing, nobody was hurt.

A) hindered B) misused
C) enabled D) hijacked
E) relieved

52- As a ............. for handing her valuable necklace into the police station, the lady gave
the boy a ten pound note.

A) prize B) reward
C) price D) tuition
E) fare

53- As a student, she was quite ........ with the money her parents gave her. In fact, she
even managed to save some.

A)greedy B) generous
C) unique D) thrifty
E) studious

54- The book is in a terrible condition, but it is still worth a lot of money because of
its ............. .

A) perfection B) abundance
C) scarcity D) rarity
E) destruction

42
55- The ............. from the Earth to the Moon is 384,393 kilometres.

A) distance B) gap
C) space D) travel
E) carriage

56- I have a/an ............. to make. I called the police last night because of your terribly
noisy party. I tried ringing your bell, but you obviously didn't hear me.

A) occurrence B) existence
C) confession D) temptation
E) suggestion

57- He was only twenty-five years old when he was ............. for chairman of the board of
the club, though on that occasion, he was unsuccessful.

A) objected B) rehearsed
C) confirmed D) likened
E) nominated

58- He just couldn't sit down at all and walked ............ around the room as he waited for
his wife to give birth to their baby in the maternity ward.

A) indignantly B) restlessly
C) purposefully D) coincidentally
E) faultlessly

59- He didn't want to disagree with his mother or his wife. He was in quite a/an
............. situation.

A) inoffensive B) awkward
C) predictable D) horrific
E) fascination

60- She is far too ............. to be a waitress. She has broken three caps already today.

A) clumsy B) idle
C) graceful D) trusty
E) loyal

43
 TEST YOURSELF 2
1- He was born with one leg slightly longer than the other, so now he has to wear special
shoes so that he doesn't............. when walking.

A) limp B) jump
C) leap D) trip
E) skip

2- After the spillage, the ground was ............. with chemicals and the crops and flowers
began to wilt.

A) buried B) improved
C) investigated D) contaminated
E) surrounded

3- They put some poison near the place where they suspected the rats were .......... entry
to the garden.

A) earning B) gaining
C) advancing D) emerging
E) promoting

4- The moment they saw the waterfall, they attempted to ............. the boat towards the
bank, but the current was too powerful.

A) nee B) row
C) sprint D)lie
E) convert

5- When he moved to America for two years, he ............. his house to his best friend, who
looked after it until his return.

A) encamped B) encircled
C) enclosed D) entailed
E) entrusted

6- The prisoners walked ............. into the cotton fields as they knew that, in this hot sun,
the backbreaking work would be like torture.

A) harmfully B) mercifully
C) originally D) reluctantly
E) relatively

7- Early ............. of the damage caused by the flood are over one billion dollars.

A) estimations B) examinations
C) investigations D) inquiries
E) developments

44
8- The manager has ............. a system to control the amount of stationery each
department uses because we spend too much on it, and it seems to be working.

A) predicted B) furnished
C) devised D) benefited
E) obeyed

9- The battleship played a major role in the Second World War, but now it
remains ............. in the harbour and serves as a museum.

A) resistant B) vertical
C) forceful D) stationary
E) horizontal

10- Supporters of euthanasia, that is the mercy killing of terminally and hopelessly ill
patients, want the government to ............. the practice.

A) fortify B) invalidate
C) eliminate D) terminate
E) legalise

11- The word euthanasia is ............. from the ancient Greek words, meaning 'easy death'.

A) operated B) donated
C) derived D) qualified
E) conquered

12- We took the path which ascends ........... up the hillside, so we were all exhausted by the
time we reached the summit.

A) moderately B) gradually
C) harshly D) steeply
E) absolutely

13- Although Northern businessmen made great fortunes from the slave trade and from
investments in Southern plantations, slavery was never ........... in the North.

A) collapsible B) shameful
C) dispensable D) widespread
E) pitiful

14- The South American football player found it hard to ............. to living in the UK.

A) adapt B) justify
C) transfer D) combine
E) calculate

45
15- He doesn't play cricket at all now, although he was a/an .......... batsman in his youth.

A) precise B) stiff
C) able D) initial
E) failed

16- Sometimes when I am in a village, I like to stroll around the graveyard and read
the ............. on the tombstones.

A) signatures B) inscriptions
C) prescriptions D) recipes
E) shortages

17- In addition to floral designs, 16th-century Ottoman plates were decorated with
mythical birds, showing the painters' boundless imagination in creating exotic birds
with ............ plumage.

A) synthetic B) temperate
C) shabby D) tactful
E) elaborate

18- Although the Louvre is the best-known, other museums of Paris are , distinguished.

A) similarly B) ultimately
C) permanently D) loosely
E) constantly

19- Saint Sophia in Istanbul............ the Blue Mosque by over a millennium.

A) predates B) benefits
C) transforms D) postpones
E) excludes

20- The natural cotton tablecloths of Buldan are not only practical but also decorative.
The ones with floral designs, my favourites, are ............ attractive.

A) functionally B) particularly
C) efficiently D) basically
E) slightly

21- They had set aside the whole day to play golf, so they took their time and
walked ............. around the course.

A) hastily B) hurriedly
C) leisurely D) hesitantly
E) effectively

46
22- In 1986, researchers explored the ............. wreckage of the Titanic at the bottom of the
Atlantic Ocean using a small submarine.

A) sunken B) propelled
C) deflated D)laden
E) drowned

23- Knowing that the killer was still out somewhere in the woods ............. fear among the
villagers living nearby.

A) ascended B) declined
C) eliminated D) rebelled
E) aroused

24- After some .............. Martin's father agreed to let him join the students' union.

A) tolerance B) invasion
C) contentment D) bravery
E) persuasion

25- American citizens have the right to carry guns in order to .......... themselves, their
families and their neighbours.

A) suit B) prevent
C) confuse D) protect
E) endure

26- Time and experience brought new knowledge in the refining, shaping and tempering
of iron and steel and this, in turn, brought a/an .......... of uses for the blacksmith's
products.

A) multitude B) remedy
C) reflection D) amount
E) rarity

27- A wartime blockade used to mean a naval patrol of an enemy seaport to stop all sea
traffic. Today it means any ......... to the passage of men, supplies or communications
in or out of a country.

A) gossip B) reprimand
C) contrast D) barrier
E) comment

28- Sandra changed her outfit seven times before Stephen came to collect her. She • is not
normally so ......... though.

A) observant B) deformed
C) shameful D) indecisive
E) doubtless

47
29- According to the local belief, if a watermelon skin is seen ............. on the sea, it means
that the summer has arrived.

A) surfing B) swimming
C) floating D) paddling
E) rowing

30- Although the company which runs the national lottery in the UK was accused
of .............. they have been given the licence to run it for a further seven years.

A) maintenance B) competence
C) sensitivity D) disappointment
E) mismanagement

31- To remove this stain, you had better ............. the towel in bleach and water for about
an hour before washing it.

A) peel B) grate
C) now D)bury
E) soak

32- Heating is now mainly by natural gas in the city, which has .......... but not solved the
problem of pollution.

A) existed B) eased
C) objected D) mended
E)exceeded

33- Queen Margareth of Denmark used to walk from her palace to the shops every
morning to buy flowers and vegetables just like a/an ............. citizen.

A) ordinary B) exceptional
C) fake D) accurate
E) genuine

34- I have the deepest............. for my mother and everything she has done to help orphans.

A) legality B) kinship
C) admiration D) decoration
E) relativity

35- Two millennia ago, Italy was the heart of the mighty Roman Empire, which .........
from Scotland to what is now Iraq, and south from the Rhine River to the Sahara
Desert in North Africa.

A) extended B) declined
C) raised D) classified
E) describe

48
36- I really don't feel well, but, as it is too late to cancel the meeting, I feel under
a/an ............. to attend.

A) invitation B) presence
C) criticism D) obligation
E) inclination

37- I have never seen her angry or excited about anything. She just seems to go about her
work in the same old ............. manner.

A) occasional B) ancient
C) moody D) violent
E) placid

38- Most people contract the disease chicken pox during childhood, when it is usually in
its mildest form, but when it occurs in an adult, it is really .......... .

A) severe B) worthless
C) rigorous D) immovable
E) curable

39- Monopoly is a game of real estate in which the players buy, sell and trade property
and try to ........... wealth.

A) consume B) accumulate
C) charge D) manufacture
E) accelerate

40- In Japanese literature, even the most ancient writings have a/an ............significance
because they contain a sensory appeal that transcends the boundaries of time and
cultural differences.

A) superficial B) profitable
C) dedicated D) universal
E) motionless

41- Peter Dohery's ............. of how the body recognises virus-infected cells has helped
design treatments against cancer.

A) maintenance B) manufacture
C) discovery D) necessity
E) destruction

49
42- Rosa Parks's ............. to give up her bus seat to a white man in Alabama, USA, in 1955
sparked off civil rights action.

A) affection B) denial
C) ignorance D) avoidance
E) refusal

43- The instructions for setting up the internet ordering system seemed complicated, but
when I came to follow them, everything was quite ........ .

A) easy-going B) industrious
C) straightforward D) extraordinary
E) hard-headed

44- Although there are many alternatives to leather available today, because of its .............
nature, it is still popular for many articles, such as saddles, shoes and belts.

A) fragile B) dainty
C) breakable D) durable
E) envious

45- Our Persian cat loves to sit on my lap and have his head ............. .

A) wrestled B) twisted
C) spun D) stroked
E) squeezed

46- I don't know why my alarm clock didn't go off. I'm sure I ............. it up before I went
to bed last night.

A) ground B) grated
C) rolled D) sewed
E) wound

47- We offered our workers a twenty-five percent increase in their wages, which we
thought was ............. but they found it insufficient.

A) reasonable B) incredible
C) miserly D) expensive
E) permanent

48- His ............. was such that he sent a £10 cheque for a leaflet on how to become a
millionaire.

A) leadership B) adolescence
C) mischief D) naivety
E) genius

50
49- She is so ............. to train for the rugby team that she gets up at 5.30 a.m. every
morning and goes to the sports centre before work.

A) innovative B) motivated
C) depressed D) moody
E) reluctant

50- It takes a lot of............. to swim across the river.

A) distance B) strength
C) width D) heat
E) weight

51- I went to the company's head office, where I was ............. to the new managing
director.

A) introduced B) proposed
C) declared D) released
E) delivered

52- He was a ............. cabinet maker who had trained in Paris for Eve years, and so he
always had customers for his quality work.

A) faithful B) disobedient
C) limitless D) skilful
E) mediocre

53- I really hope I have just ......... my driver's licence somewhere in the house and haven't
lost it permanently.

A) underwent B) declined
C) unveiled D) misplaced
E) forgotten

54- The Mayans of the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico, depend heavily on tourism and it is
not uncommon to ............. them selling their goods in English, French, German,
Italian or Japanese.

A) recover B) reveal
C) annoy D) expire
E) encounter

55- Orange trees are .............. grown in Britain, as to do so requires a large, heated
greenhouse or conservatory, which is very expensive.

A) unusually B) rarely
C) frequently D) steadily
E) highly

51
56- After walking across the snow and ice for three days, both men, neither wearing
spectacles, became ............. by the sun's reflection on the snow.

A) calmed B) deafened
C) blinded D) exploded
E) contaminated

57- In order to write a book on the primitive tribes of the Amazon Jungle, he ............. on a
long journey down the Amazon River.

A) initiated B) resigned
C) terminated D) embarked
E) originated

58- If you drink too much alcohol, it will damage your body, but if you drink in .............. it
won't harm you.

A) separation B) moderation
C) hesitation D) exception
E) liquidation

59- Before you leave the classroom, please ............. everything you have written on the
board and leave it ready for the next teacher.

A) allow B) acquire
C) devote D) erase
E) confirm

60- When the civil rights leader was arrested, the crowds started to protest in the whole
country almost ............. .

A) temporarily B) approximately
C) simultaneously D) indifferently
E) gradually

52
 TEST YOURSELF 3
1- In the last few years, as a result of the problems with disease in the beef industry,
............. of chicken has increased in the UK.

A) accommodation B) consumption
C) expenditure D) liberation
E) admiration

2- The management are trying to bring in new working procedures, but there has been
widespread ............. within its factories to the changes.

A) assistance B) existence
C) resistance D) elegance
E) relevance

3- Our neighbourhood was badly affected by the earthquake, so we are lucky that our
house remained ............. .

A) unstable B) constructive
C) devastated D) intact
E) decorated

4- You can pay your membership fee in one payment or, ifyou prefer, in three equal ..........
.

A) sectors B) samples
C) divisions D) partitions
E) instalments

5- She cleaned the house all day, but when her son and his friends came in with their
muddy boots, they made a mess. Of course, she was not happy to see all her
efforts ............. .

A) monitored B) lessened
C) wasted D) acknowledged
E) robbed

6- The caretaker, who isn't feeling well today, is sweeping the hallway, but he is doing it so
............, that 1 don't think it will make any difference at all.

A) feebly B) offensively
C) aimlessly D) tenderly
E) graciously

7- You are .......... to a four-week holiday after you have worked for the company for one
year.

A) portioned B) validated
C) entitled D) consented
E) calculated

53
8- The security guard at reception has eight television screens, on which he can see what is
happening in each part of the building ............. .

A) vigorously B) smoothly
C) suspiciously D) immensely
E) simultaneously

9- Yesterday, my brother bought a computer, a printer, a scanner and a digital

camera ............. . He had only entered the store for a box of paper!

A) expectantly B) purposefully
C) formerly D) spontaneously
E) formally

10- Crime is so ............. in this area that you shouldn't leave any valuables in your car.

A) scarce B) widespread
C) residential D) obvious
E) shallow

11- Giving up smoking after sixteen years must have taken a great deal of .......... .

A) willpower B) emotion
C) initiative D) affection
E) sympathy

12- Margaret's idea was ............. ridiculous and would never have worked.

A) perfectly B) barely
C) mildly D) scarcely
E) utterly

13- Unlike wheat, which is usually harvested by machines these days, rice is
normally ............. picked by hand.

A) relatively B) sensibly
C) laboriously D) leisurely
E) amusingly

14- As well as pleading guilty to murdering the landlord, he ............. to five other
murders.

A) discussed B) sentenced
C) required D) confessed
E)accused

15- The 18th-century attack on Montreal by Americans known as the Green Mountain
Boys was ............. . There was no way they could have won.

A) fantastic B) futile
C) advisory D) precise
E) sensible

54
16- There is a free car park at the front of our store for the ............. of our customers.

A) dependence B) convenience
C) tendency D) consumption
E) impression

17- As a former gardener for the Queen, he has been offered hundreds of thousands of
pounds to be interviewed about their private lives, but his ............. to the royal family
has prevented him from revealing any information.

A) sincerity B) dignity
C) likeness D) loyalty
E) endurance

18- Mehmet the Conquerer's defeat of the Byzantines at Istanbul in 1453 was a
historic ............. for the Turks.

A) victory B) morality
C) resistance D) surrender
E) compulsion

19- The radio announcer advised motorists to avoid the main road into Sheffield as a
heavy goods vehicle had ............ with a bus, blocking both lanes.

A) overtook B) bumped
C) collided D) cracked
E) smashed

20- As an ice-cream seller, he has to try and make as much money as possible in the
summer as demand for his product is ............. .

A) permanent B) divisional
C) seasonal D) sectional
E) departmental

21- I don't think your question is ............. to this discussion. Can we keep to the subject?

A) relevant B) matching
C) inferior D) considerable
E) thoughtful

22- Benjamin Banneker's childhood ............. led him to read books on many subjects and
he later became a mathematician, astronomer and inventor.

A) generosity B) interpretation
C) nomination D) curiosity
E) obesity

55
23- ............. half a lemon over the finished dish and accompany with red wine for a
delicious meal.

A) Squash B) Soak
C) Absorb D) Digest
E) Squeeze

24- Will you ............. me to take the telephone bill with me in the morning?

A) remind B) describe
C) explain D) monitor
E) foretell

25- The Parkinson's dogs are so ............. that they have to tie them up if they are expecting
guests.

A) obedient B) ferocious
C) cowardly D) enviable
E) listless

26- We had walked back from school in the hot weather, so when we arrived home, we
were really ............. .

A) tasteful B) spicy
C) greedy D) thirsty
E)joyful

27- Penguins move ............. in water, but rather awkwardly on land.

A) willingly B) scornfully
C) gracefully D) irregularly
E) admirably

28- When he found it, the car was a ........... old wreck in the middle of a field. After he had
restored it, however, it was a valuable luxury vintage car.

A) priceless B) tidy
C) shiny D) rusty
E) collective

29- The timber of the white oak tree is ............... to that from English oaks, which is tough,
hard and easy to work with.

A) junior B) inferior
C) unworthy D) secondary
E) weak

30- The boxer was knocked ............. by his opponent and lost the fight.

A) insignificant B) unmanageable
C) unconscious D) indifferent
E) insufficient

56
31- Almost miraculously, the treatment she received at the hospital ............. her cancer.

A) denied B) discharged
C) operated D) cured
E) refused

32- It is the rule that a hotel room must be ............. by midday.

A) vacated B) accelerated
C) loaded D) deposited
E) established

33- When you sail towards England from France, the first features of the mainland that
you see are the high ............. along the south coast.

A) waves B) currents
C) banks D) cliffs
E) tides

34- I called the ambulance immediately because it was obvious that he needed .............
medical attention.

A) useful B) utter
C) gradual D) fatal
E) urgent

35- As California's water supplies are decreasing, water will soon be brought from Alaska
to ............. the demands of the Californian population.

A) satisfy B) intensify
C) germinate D) soak
E) irrigate

36- Owls are the only birds of prey that hunt at night. Their ears are extremely
sensitive and their flight is almost ............. .

A) odourless B) hopeless
C) colourless D) shapeless
E) noiseless

37- Parrots make popular pets because of their ability to ............. human speech.

A) discuss B) initiate
C) create D) originate
E) mimic

38- Although several other organisations had tried to influence politics in Haiti, only the
direct............. of the USA and the sending of 20,000 soldiers to the island persuaded
the Haitian military to reinstate a democratically elected president.

A) aggravation B) intervention
C) abolition D) discouragement
E) evolution

57
39- She had been working 16 hours a day to prepare for the show, which was a success.
Now, however, I believe she is suffering from ............. and should rest for a couple of
days.

A) fadgue B) acceptance
C) regret D) enthusiasm
E) stage-fright

40- Although we know very little about the life of James Hargreaves, the .......... of his
invention, the mechanical yarn spinning machine cannot be underestimated.

A) importance B) commitment
C) sentence D) obscurity
E) resolution

41- After he constructed a machine, which he named after his daughter Jenny, his
production of cotton yarn .......... by eight times what it had previously been.

A) elapsed B) encroached
C) multiplied D) divided
E) excelled

42- Other yarn spinners, however, feared that his invention might make them .............. so
they broke into his home and destroyed his machine.

A) invaluable B) redundant
C) insolvent D) affluent
E) employed

43- She only saw the thief ........... so she wasn't able to give the police a clear description of
him.

A) defensively B) thoroughly
C) rarely D) briefly
E) scarcely

44- Whenever I offer him a cup of tea, he ........ refuses.

A) gradually B) boastfully
C) loosely D) invariably
E) punctually

45- There are lots of nice places to go on holiday in this country and, of course, holidays
here are more ............. than holidays abroad, which usually cost a small fortune.

A) resistible B) courageous
C) adventurous D) unstable
E) affordable

58
46- After all this rain, the path up the mountain will be .............. It will be muddy and
slippery, which makes it easy to slip.

A) winding B) steep
C) treacherous D) imperfect
E) faulty

47- When I asked the man what he was doing in my garden, he said he was looking for his
kitten, but this seemed a/an ............. reply.

A) dubious B) plain
C) abrupt D) blank
E) anxious

48- Professor Schultz will be conducting a study in the South American jungle next term
and Professor Sen will be teaching sociology in his ............. .

A) dedication B) absence
C) relaxation D) proximity
E) separation

49- Under British law it is ........... to drink one alcoholic beverage and then drive, but
drinking any more could result in a ban and heavy fines.

A) pointless B) numerous
C) permissible D) likely
E) insistent

50- When the ............. of new stock arrives, make sure you check all the quantities before
you sign the documentation.

A) profit B) blockage
C) shortage D) delivery
E) limitation

51- Our water pipes are frozen, so the water isn't ............. away. We will have to call a
plumber.

A) winding B) flooding
C) purifying D) rinsing
E) draining

52- My grandmother is ninety-eight, but she still has a good memory and her speech
is ............. .

A) legible B) coherent
C) blurred D) senseless
E) eligible

59
53- We were so relieved when the doctor informed us that he would make a
complete ......... from the illness.

A) recovery B) relaxation
C) overhaul D) operation
E) treatment

54- Under the program, youths who have committed petty offences visit prisoners who are
in jail for more serious crimes. The prisoners have volunteered to tell the
youths ............. tales of what can happen to them if they get involved in crime.

A) respectable B) lively
C) greed D) magical
E) cautionary

55- We had two ............. today of room bookings, which didn't surprise me much. Who
would dare to travel hi these severe weather conditions?

A) receptions B) accommodations
C) estimations D) cancellations
E) wreckages

56- The indications are that this area will not be affected by the flood, but they can't say
with any ............. that our street will not be flooded.

A) certainty B) hostility
C) persuasion D) restoration
E) salvage

57- The children's ............. about our trip to the seaside was obvious. Days before the trip,
they were sorting out buckets and spades and asking lots of questions about Torquay.

A) anxiety B) hospitality
C) excitement D) preference
E) sufficiency

58- As the bedspread was natural cotton, the shop assistant told me to expect
some ............. after the first washing, and recommended me to buy one size bigger
than I needed.

A) fading B) laundry
C) drought D) shrinkage
E) stitching

59- The advertising campaign is aimed at people who earn high ............. .

A) expenses B) incomes
C) receipts D) withdrawals
E) deposits

60- The pharmacist recommended some cream that would help my blisters.............

A) explode B) treat
C) care D) relax
E) heal

60
 ELS 2001/18 ANSWER KEY
PART ONE
1-1 CONFUSING WORD PAIRS 1 (pg.2)
1. a) illegible b) unreadable c) illegible d) unreadable
2. a) complement b) complemented c) complimemented d) compliment
3. a) infamous b) unknown c) infamous d) unknown
4. a) not know b) ignored c) ignore d) not know
5. a) voyages b) voyage c) journey d) journey
6. a) morals b) moral c) morale d) morale
7. a) dairy b) diary c) dairy d) diary
8. a) first b) first c) at first d) at first
9. a) at last b) Lastly c) at last d) Lastly
10. a) robbed b) stole c) robbing d) stolen
11. a) valueless b) valueless c) invaluable d) invaluable
12. a) priceless b) worthless c) priceless d) worthless
13. a) disused b) disused c) misuse d) misused
14. a) fabricated b) fabricated c) manufactures d) manufacture
15. a) unable b) disabled c) unable d) disabled
16. a) enables b) unable c) unable d) enable
17. a) uncovered b) uncovered c) discovered d) discovered
18. a) famous b) notorious c) famous d) notorious
19. a) principal b) principal c) principle d) principles
20. a) sensible b) sensible c) sensitive d) sensitive
21. a) refused b) refused c) denied d) denied
22. a) interrupted b) interrupted c) interfere d) interfere
23. a) discovered b) discovered c) in vented d) invented
24. a) adopted b) adopted c) adapted d) adapting
25. a) prevented b) avoiding c) avoided d) prevent
26. a) travel b) travel c) journey d) journey
27. a) lost b) loose c) lost d) loose
28. a) Overcome b) overcame c) overtake d) overtook
29. a) beside b) Besides c) beside d) besides
30. a) presently b) presently c) currently d) Currently
31. a) specially b) specially c) especially d) especially
32. a) genius b) genius c) genuine d) genuine
33. a) stationery b) stationary c) stationary d) stationery
34. a) tasty b) tasteful c) tastier d) tasteful
35. a) confidentially b) confidently c) confidentially d) confidently
36. a) human b) human c) humane d) humane
37. a) Economic b) economic c) economical d) economical
38. a) accepted b) agreed c) agree d) accept
39. a) affected b) effect c) affected d) effects
40. a) device b) device c) devised d) devised
:

61
1-2 CONFUSING WORDS 2 (pg.13)
1.canal 2.exhausting 3.hypocritical 4.prize 5.passed 6.impassable 7.altogether 8.already 9.presently
10.frequent 11.at least 12.humanely 13.lend 14.heroine 15.suit 16.job 17.eligible 18.deteriorated
19.stimulant 20.advice 21.cure 22.check 23.hardly 24.popular 25.alternatively 26.wink 27.convenient
28.defective 29.industrious 30.possibly 31.rumour 32.opportunity 33.shade 34.incredibly 35.unable

1-3 CONFUSING WORDS (pg.15)

Ex. 1 (pg.15) 1.sentenced 2.charge 3.blamed 4.arrested 5.accused

Ex. 2 (pg.15) 1.earn 2.acquired 3.conquired 4.beaten 5.won
Ex. 3 (pg.15) 1.alike 2.alive 3.living 4.1ively 5.likely
Ex. 4 (pg.16) 1.fetched 2.takes 3.hold 4.brings 5.carried
Ex. 5 (pg.16) 1.hope 2.waiting 3.expecting 4.believe 5.uppose
Ex. 6 (Pg.16) 1.approve 2.acknowledge 3.admitted 4.agree 5.accepted
Ex. 7 (pg.16) 1.recommend 2.advised 3.instructed 4.suggested 5.offered
Ex. 8 (pg.17) 1.excluded 2.denied 3.dismissed 4-refused 5.ignored
Ex. 9 (Pg.17) 1.told 2.commented 3.said 4.speak 5.talking
Ex. 10 (pg.17) 1.raised 2.aroused 3.arose 4.rise 5.ascend
Ex. 11 (Pg.18) 1.crcatcd 2.discovered 3.found 4.invented 5.devised
Ex. 12 (pg.18) 1.prevent 2.abstain 3.avoid 4.missed 5.hindered
Ex. 13 (pg.18) 1.curves 2.cavities 3.carve 4.carvings 5.caves

1-4 CONFUSING VERBS (pg.19)

1. a) risen b) rise c) raised d) raise
2. a) aroused b) aroused c) arose d) arose
3. a) born b) bear c) born d) bore
4. a) bounded b) bounded c) bound d) binding
5. a) costed b) costs c) cost d) costed
6. a) felled b) felling c) fell d) fell
7. a) found b) founded c) found d) founded
8. a) grounded b) grinds c) grounded d) ground
9. a) hanged b) hung c) hanged d) hung
10. a) lay b) lying/laid c) lain d) laid
11. a) laden b) laden c) loaded d) loaded
12. a) struck b) struck c) stricken d) stricken
13. a) seeing b) sawed c) seen d) sawed
14. a) seeing b) wound c) wounded d) wounded

62
1-5 CONFUSING WORDS (pg.23)

1.E 2.D 3.C 4.B 5.A 6.B 7.C 8.D 9.D 10.A
11.B 12.A 13.C 14.E 15.A 16.D 17.B 1S.E 19.D 20.A
21.A 22.C 23.D 24.B 25.E

PART TWO

Ex. 1 (pg.27)
1.h 2.j 3.b 4.a 5.d 6.m 7.f 8.n 9.c 10.l
11.k 12.e 13.i 14.o 15.g

Ex. 2 (pg.27)
1.b 2.e 3.g 4.d 5.a 6.l 7.i 8.f 9.c 10.o
11.m 12.h 13.n 14.k 15.j

Ex. 3 (pg.28) 2.similar/ different 3.deteriorate/improve 4.sunrise/sunset 5.moist/dry 6.intensely/slightly

7.deceitful/naive 8.accelerate/slow down 9.indifference/respect 10.hide/reveal 11.insignificant/ major
12.feeble/strong 13.wasteful/thrifty 14.irregular/steady 15.ample/scarce 16-assemble/disperse
17.deliberate/accidental 18.precisely/roughly 19.accomplish/fail 20.prosperity /poverty

Ex.4 (pg.29) 1.D 2.E 3.C 4.B 5.A 6.D 7.C 8.E 9.D 10.A
11.C 12.B13.D14.B 15.C 16.C 17.B 18.A 19.B 20.D
21.E 22.E 23.A24.B 25.D 26.C 27.B 28.B 29.D 30.E

Ex. 5 (pg.34) 1.D2.B 3.A 4.D 5.C 6.E 7.A 8.D 9.A 10.C
11.E 12.B13.D 14.D 15.C 16.A 17.B 18.D 19.C 20.E
21.B 22.C23.D 24.B 25.A 26.E 27.C 28.D 29.A 30.B

63
 TEST YOURSELF 1

1. E 2. D 3. B 4. C 5. A 6. E 7. D 8. C 9. B 10.D
11.A 12.C 13.D 14. D 15. B 16. A 17. C 18. D 19. B 20.B
21.A 22.D 23.E 24. C 25. B 26. A 27. D 28. E 29. E 30.C
31.B 32.E 33.C 34. D 35. E 36. B 37. B 38. D 39. C 40.A
41.B 42.E 43.D 44. E 45. A 46. C 47. B 48. D 49. A 50.B
51.C 52. B 53. D 54. D 55. A 56. C 57. E 58. B 59. B 60.A

TEST YOURSELF 2

1.A 2. D 3. B 4. B 5. E 6. D 7. A 8. C 9. D 10.E
11.C 12. D 13. D 14. A 15. C 16. B 17. E 18. A 19. A 20.B
21.C 22. A 23. E 24. E 25. D 26. A 27. D 28. D 29. C 30.E
31.E 32. B 33. A 34. C 35. A 36. D 37. E 38. A 39. B 40.D
41.C 42. E 43. C 44. D 45. D 46. E 47. A 48. D 49. B 50.B
51.A 52. D 53. D 54.E 55. B 56. C 57. D 58. B 59. D 60.C

TEST YOURSELF 3
1. B 2. C 3. D 4. E 5. C 6. A 7. C 8. E 9. D 1O. B
11. A 12..E 13. C 14. D 15. B 16. B 17. D 18. A 19. C 20. C
21. A 22. D 23. E 24. A 25. B 26. D 27. C 28. D 29. B 30. C
31. D 32. A 33. O 34. E 35. A 36. E 37. E 38. B 39. A 40. A
41. C 42. B 43. D 44. D 45. E 46. C 47. A 48. B 49. C 50. D
51. E 52. B 53. A 54. E 55. D 56. A 57. C 58. D 59. B 60. E

64