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STATISTICS REPORT G1 (1)

The document provides an overview of basic concepts in probability and statistics, including definitions, types of statistics, and key terms such as population, sample, data, and variables. It explains the importance of statistical analysis in making informed decisions and highlights measures of central tendency and variability. Additionally, it introduces probability concepts, including events and sample spaces.

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22 views

STATISTICS REPORT G1 (1)

The document provides an overview of basic concepts in probability and statistics, including definitions, types of statistics, and key terms such as population, sample, data, and variables. It explains the importance of statistical analysis in making informed decisions and highlights measures of central tendency and variability. Additionally, it introduces probability concepts, including events and sample spaces.

Uploaded by

shaniahgerolaga082106
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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REVIEW OF BASIC CONCEPTS

OF PROBABILITY AND
STATISTICS
GROUP 1
STATISTICAL CONCEPTS
AND PRINCIPLE
A SET OF MATHEMATICAL AND THEORETICAL IDEAS THAT GUIDE THE
COLLECTION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA, ALLOWING
RESEARCHERS TO DRAW INFERENCES ABOUT A LARGER POPULATION BASED
ON A SAMPLE, INCLUDING KEY ELEMENTS LIKE MEASURES OF CENTRAL
TENDENCY (MEAN, MEDIAN, MODE), VARIABILITY (VARIANCE & STANDARD
DEVIATION), ALL USED TO UNDERSTAND PATTERNS AND MAKE INFORMED
DECISIONS FROM DATA SETS.
WHAT IS STATISTICS?
Statistics is the science of collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data.
These observations are typically numerical or categorical facts about
specific people or things, and they are usually referred to as data.
These are a set of mathematical procedures for summarizing and
interpreting observations. These observations are typically numerical
or categorical facts about specific people or things, and they are
usually referred to as data.
2 TYPES OF STATISTICS

Descriptive Statistics - describes the characteristics and properties of


a group under investigation

Inferential Statistics - methods of making inferences and drawing


conclusions about the characteristics of a larg group by studying small
representatives
DESCRIPTIVE OR INFERENTIAL?

1. A teacher wishes to determine the percentage of student who


passed the summative test.
2. A market vendor wants to make an inference on how many kilos
of mangoes will she sell based on her sales a week.
3. A volleyball player wants to estimate her chance of winning the
most valuable player (MVP) award based on her current season
averages and the averages of her opponents.
STATISTICAL TERMS
POPULATION
refers to the totality of objects, persons, places, things used in a particular
study. All members of a particular group of objects or people, etc. which
are subjects or respondents of a study.

SAMPLE
is any subset of population or few members of population.
STATISTICAL TERMS
DATA
are facts, figures and information collected on some characteristics of a
population or sample. These can be classified as qualitative or
quantitative data.

UNGROUPED DATA
are data which are not organized in any specific way. They are simply the
collection of data as they are gathered.
STATISTICAL TERMS
GROUPED DATA
are raw data organized into groups or categories with corresponding
frequencies. Organized in this manner, the data is referred to as frequency
distribution.

PARAMETER
is the descriptive measure of a characteristics of a population.
STATISTICAL TERMS
CONSTANT
is a characteristic or property of a population or sample which is common
to all members of the group.

VARIABLE
is a measure or characteristic or property of a population or sample that
may have a number of different values. It differentiates a particular
member from the rest of the group.
CLASSIFICATION OF VARIABLES

INDEPENDENT VARIABLE
is the variable that is changed or controlled in a scientific experiment to
test the effects on the dependent variable. This is also called as
explanatory variable.

DEPENDENT VARIABLE
is the variable being tested and measured in a scientific experiment. This
is also called as the outcome variable.
TYPES OF DATA
QUALITATIVE DATA
can be separated into different categories that are distinguished by some
non numeric characteristics.

QUANTITATIVE DATA
numbers representing counts or measurement.
SAMPLING
is the process of selecting units from a population of interest.
Sample must be a representative of the target population. The
target population is the entire group a researcher is interested in;
the group about which the researcher wishes to draw conclusions.
SURVEY
is a method of asking respondents some well-constructed
questions. It is an efficient way of collecting information and easy
to administer wherein a wide variety of information can be
collected.
USES & IMPORTANCE OF STATISTICS
AND STATISTICAL ANALYIS

1. PRESENTS FACTS IN SIMPLE FORM


2. REDUCES THE COMPLEXITY OF DATA
3. FACILITATES COMPARISON
4. TESTING HYPOTHESIS
5. FORMULATION OF POLICIES
6. FORECASTING
7. DERIVES VALID INFERENCES
MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY

Central Tendency is simply the center of the distribution


or the group of scores. There are three most common
ways of determining the middle of the group scores. They
are the mean, mode, and median commonly known as
the measures of central tendency.
CENTRAL TENDENCY
MEAN
is just the average value or the sum of all scores divided by the number of
scores.

MODE
is just the most frequent or the most common single score in the data
set.
MEDIAN
is just the middle value in the distribution or set of scores.
VARIABILITY
Variability pertains to the variation of scores in a given
distribution or data set. It gives you an overview of how
spread the scores in the data set. The larger the variability,
the more dispersed the scores. There are two most
common ways of determining variability: the variance
and standard deviation.
VARIABILITY

VARIANCE
can give a rough estimate of how the scores spread in the distribution.

STANDARD DEVIATION
is the most widely used value in estamating the variability of the given
data set.
WHAT IS PROBABILITY?

Probability is simply how likely an event is to happen. It


is a value between zero and one, which reveals the relative
possibility that an event will occur.
PROBABILITY TERMS
EXPERIMENT
is used to described any process that generates a set of data.

SAMPLE SPACE
is the set of all possible outcomes or results of a random experiment.

EVENT
is a subset of a sample space. Consists of a set of possible outcomes of a
probability experiment. Can be one outcome or more than one outcome.
PROBABILITY TERMS
SIMPLE EVENT
an event with one outcome.

COMPOUND EVENT
an event with more than one outcome.
THANK
YOU

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