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9.1 GRr

The document discusses the Age of Imperialism, focusing on the European colonization of Africa in the 1800s. It outlines key terms, motivations for imperialism such as economic gain, national pride, racism, and the influence of Social Darwinism, as well as the Berlin Conference's role in dividing African territories. Additionally, it highlights the conflicts in South Africa among the Zulu, Boers, and British, culminating in the Boer War.

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20 views

9.1 GRr

The document discusses the Age of Imperialism, focusing on the European colonization of Africa in the 1800s. It outlines key terms, motivations for imperialism such as economic gain, national pride, racism, and the influence of Social Darwinism, as well as the Berlin Conference's role in dividing African territories. Additionally, it highlights the conflicts in South Africa among the Zulu, Boers, and British, culminating in the Boer War.

Uploaded by

DaviidC6100
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Name _____________________________ Class _______________________ Date ____________

The Age of Imperialism


Lesson 1

The Roots of Imperialism


Key Terms and People
imperialism control by a strong nation over a weaker nation
racism belief that one race is superior to others
Social Darwinism use of Charles Darwin’s ideas about evolution to explain human
societies
Berlin Conference meeting at which Europeans agreed on rules for colonizing
Africa
Shaka Zulu chief who created a large centralized state
Boer Dutch colonist in South Africa
Boer War war between the British and the Boers

Before You Read


In the last lesson, you read about movements for democracy and
self-rule.
In this lesson, you will learn about the European colonization of
Africa.

As You Read
Use a chart to list the forces and events surrounding imperialism in
Africa.

AFRICA BEFORE EUROPEAN Europeans also wanted to sell their


DOMINATION; FORCES DRIVING goods in their new colonies.
IMPERIALISM National pride was a second reason
Why did imperialism begin in the for imperialism. Some nations wanted to
1800s? gain colonies to show their national
In the early 1800s, Europeans strength.
controlled a few areas along the coast of Racism was a third reason for
Africa. By the mid-1800s, Europeans imperialism. Racism is the belief that
were expanding their control to new one race is better than others. Many
lands. This policy is called imperialism. Europeans believed that whites were
There were four basic reasons for better than other races.
imperialism. The first reason for Racism is related to Social
imperialism had to do with money. Darwinism. Social Darwinism is the use
Europeans wanted colonies to provide of Charles Darwin’s ideas about
raw materials for their factories. The evolution to explain human societies.

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Guided Reading Workbook


Name ______________________________ Class ________________________ Date _____________

Lesson 1, continued

One of Darwin’s ideas was “survival of by showing that it had control of the
the fittest.” This idea was that the fittest, area. Europeans quickly grabbed land.
or strongest, species would survive. By 1914, only Liberia and Ethiopia were
Weak species would not survive. free from European control.
People who believed in Social 2. What was the purpose of the Berlin
Darwinism argued that fit people and Conference?
nations survived. They also believed that to prevent coflict over africa
weak people and nations would not
survive.
The fourth reason is that Christian
missionaries also supported imperialism.
They thought that European rule would THREE GROUPS CLASH OVER
end the slave trade. The missionaries SOUTH AFRICA
also wanted to convert the people of What groups fought over South
other continents to Christianity. Africa?
Europeans began to take lands in In South Africa, three groups
Africa for these reasons. Technology struggled over the land. In the early
helped the Europeans succeed. The 1800s, the Zulu chief Shaka fought to
African peoples were divided. It was win more land. Shaka’s successors were
hard for them to resist European not able to keep his kingdom intact. The
advances. Zulu land was taken over by the British
1. What are four reasons for in 1887.
imperialism? Meanwhile, the British took control
money, national pride, racism, christian of the Dutch colony on the southern
support coast. Thousands of Dutch settlers,
called Boers, moved north to escape the
British. This movement is known as the
Great Trek. The Boers fought the Zulus
THE DIVISION OF AFRICA whose land they were entering.
How did European nations claim At the end of the century, Boers
African lands? fought a vicious war against the British
The “scramble for Africa” began in called the Boer War. The Boers lost this
the 1880s. Diamonds were discovered in war. The Boers then joined the British-
South Africa in 1867. Gold was run Union of South Africa.
discovered there in 1886. Europeans 3. Who were the Boers, and who did
became more interested in the continent. they fght?
The European nations did not want dutch settlers, and the british
to fight over the land. They met at the
Berlin Conference in 1884–1885. They
agreed that any nation could claim any
part of Africa by telling the others and

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Guided Reading Workbook


Name ______________________________ Class ________________________ Date _____________

Lesson 1, continued

As you read about the European colonization of Africa, fill out the
chart by writing notes in the appropriate spaces.

The Forces of Imperialism

1. Note three motives profit land and merit


behind the European
race for colonies.

2. Note two technological Weaponry and transportiation


advantages Europeans
had over the Africans.

3. Note two factors within Lack of industrialization and agraculturail stability


Africa that made it
vulnerable to European
conquest.

The Division of Africa

4. Note two outcomes of the agreement prevented wars over africa and increased the
the Berlin Conference in need to colonize quickly
1884 and 1885.

5. Note three groups that french british spanish


clashed over territory
and resources in South
Africa.

6. Note one outcome of the the boers joined the coilition


Boer War.

© Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Guided Reading Workbook

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