Electrical Circuits

UNIT I: Basic circuit Analysis and Simplification Techniques

MCQ’S

1.KCL is based on the fact that

a) There is a possibility for a node to store energy.
b) There cannot be an accumulation of charge at a node.
c) Charge accumulation is possible at node
d) Charge accumulation may or may not be possible.

Answer: b
Explanation: Since the node is not a circuit element, any charge which enters node must leave
immediately.

2. Relation between currents according to KCL is

a) i1=i2=i3=i4=i5
b) i1+i4+i3=i5+i2
c) i1-i5=i2-i3-i4
d) i1+i5=i2+i3+i4

Answer: d
Explanation: According to KCL, entering currents=leaving currents.

3. The algebraic sum of voltages around any closed path in a network is equal to ____________

a) Infinity
b) 1
c) 0
d) Negative polarity

Answer: c
Explanation: According to KVL, the sum of voltages around the closed path in a network is zero.
4. Calculate potential difference between x and y

a) 4.275v
b) -4.275v
c) 4.527v
d) -4.527v

Answer: b
Explanation:

I1 = 3/3+5 = 3/8 = 0.375Ω

I2 = 4/5 = 0.8Ω
Vxy = vx – vy
Vx + 5I1 + 4 – 2I2 – vy = 0
Vx – vy = 2I2 – 4 – 5I1 = -4.275Ω

5. Find R

a) 17.5 Ω
b) 17.2 Ω
c) 17.4 Ω
d) 17.8 Ω

Answer: a
Explanation:

KVL: 70 – 5I – 7(I – 2) = 0
I = 7A
KVL to 2nd loop: 7(I – 2) – 2R = 0
R=17.5Ω

6. Determine currents I1 , I2 and I3.

a) -3.3A, -8.5A, 2.4A

b) 3A, -8A, 2A
c) 3.3A, 8.5A, -2.4A
d) 3.2A, 8.6A, 2.3A

Answer: c
Explanation:

I1 = I1 – I2 + 8 + I3 + 3
I2 – I3 = 11 -> 1
And -11 I1 – 7(I1 – I2) = 0
-18 I1 + 7 I2 = 0 -> 2
And -11 I1 – 15 I3 =0 -> 3
Solving I1 = 3.32A I2 = 8.5A I3 = -2.4A.

7. All _____________ are loops but _______________ are not meshes

a) Loops, Meshes
b) Meshes, loops
c) Branches, loops
d) Nodes, Branches

Answer: b
Explanation: A mesh cannot be divided further in loops.

8. Solve for I.

Solve for I.
a) -0.5A
b) 0.5A
c) -0.2A
d) 0.2A

Answer: a

Explanation: Veq = 10 + 5 -20 = -5u

Req = 5 + 2 + 3 = 10Ω
I = V/R = -5/10 = -0.5A.

9. The basic laws for analyzing an electric circuit are :-

a) Einstein’s theory
b) Newtons laws
c) Kirchhoff’s laws
d) Faradays laws

Answer: c
Explanation: Kirchhoff’s laws are used for analyzing an electric circuit.
10. A junction whell two (or) more than two network elements meet is known as a
______________
a) Node
b) Branch
c) Loop
d) Mesh

Answer: a
Explanation: Node is a junction where two or more than two network elements meet.

11. What is the other name for Dependent sources?

a) Uncontrolled sources
b) Time response elements
c) Steady state elements
d) Controlled sources

Answer: d
Explanation: Dependant sources are also known as Controlled sources as there are controlled by
other elements present in the circuit.

12. The analysis of a circuit containing dependent sources can be done using nodal and mesh
analysis.
a) True
b) False

Answer: a
Explanation: The analysis of a circuit containing dependent sources can be completed using nodal
and mesh analysis with the help of Kirchhoff’s laws and also by using various circuit theorems.

13. Dependent sources are _____________ types.

a) 3
b) 2
c) 4
d) 1

Answer: c
Explanation: Dependent sources are 4 types. Voltage controlled voltage/current source and current
controlled current/voltage source.

14. Nodal analysis is mainly based on __________

a) KCL
b) KVL
c) Wheatstone bridge principle
d) Faraday’s electric laws
Answer: a
Explanation: Nodal analysis or Node-Voltage method is done by identifying the currents at the
node and thereby forming equations.

15. The loop which does not contain any other inner loop is known as _____________
a) A node
b) A mesh
c) A branch
d) A super mesh

Answer: b
Explanation: A mesh is defined as a loop which does not contain any other loop within it.

16. A Supermesh is formed between two loops which share a common voltage source.
a) True
b) False

Answer: b
Explanation: Meshes that share a current source with other meshes, none of which contains a
current source in the outer loop, forms a supermesh.

17. Consider the circuit shown below. The number mesh equations that can be formed are?

a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4

Answer: b
Explanation: We know if there are n loops in the circuit, n mesh equations can be formed. So as
there are 2 loops in the circuit. So 2 mesh equations can be formed.
18. Find current through R2 resistor.

a) 3
b) 3.25
c) 3.5
d) 3.75

Answer: d
Explanation: Applying mesh analysis, 5(I1) + 2(I1-I2) = 10. 10(I2) + 2(I2-I1) + 40 = 0. On solving,
I1 = 0.5A, I2 = -3.25A. So current through R2 resistor is 0.5-(-3.25) = 3.75 A.

19. In Superposition theorem, while considering a source, all other voltage sources are?
a) open circuited
b) short circuited
c) change its position
d) removed from the circuit

Answer: b
Explanation: In Superposition theorem, while considering a source, all other voltage sources are
short circuited. This theorem is valid for linear systems.

20. In the circuit shown, find the current through 3Ω resistor using Superposition theorem.

a) 4
b) 5
c) 6
d) 7

Answer: b
Explanation: Considering the voltage source 20V, 5A current source is open circuited.
Now current through 3Ω resistor is 20/(5+4)=2.22A.
Now considering the current source 5A, 20V voltage source is short circuited.

No current through 3Ω resistor is 5× 5/(4+5)=2.78A. Now finally the current through 3Ω resistor
is 2.22 + 2.78 = 5A.

21. Consider the circuit shown below. Find the equivalent Thevenin’s voltage between nodes A
and B.

a) 8
b) 8.5
c) 9
d) 9.5

Answer: b
Explanation: The thevenin’s voltage is equal to the open circuit voltage across the terminals AB
that is across 12Ω resistor. Vth = 10×12/14 = 8.57V.

22. Find the current flowing between terminals A and B.

a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
Answer: d
Explanation: Short circuiting terminals A and B, 20-10(I1)=0, I1=2A. 10-5(I2), I2=2A. Current
flowing through terminals A and B= 2+2 = 4A.

23. The maximum power is delivered from a source to its load when the load resistance is ______
the source resistance.
a) greater than
b) less than
c) equal to
d) less than or equal to

Answer: c
Explanation: The maximum power is delivered from a source to its load when the load resistance
is equal to the source resistance. The maximum power transfer theorem can be applied to both dc
and ac circuits.

24. If source impedance is complex, then maximum power transfer occurs when the load
impedance is _______ the source impedance.
a) equal to
b) negative of
c) complex conjugate of
d) negative of complex conjugate of

Answer: c
Explanation: The maximum power transfer theorem can be applied to complex impedance
circuits. If source impedance is complex, the maximum power transfer occurs when the load
impedance is complex conjugate of the source impedance.

25. Find the current i3 in the circuit shown below

a) 2A
b) 1A
c) 3A
d) 0.5A
Answer: c
Explanation: By applying the KCL at the node in the circuit , 5A = 2A +i3.

26. Kirchhoff’s current law is applied at

a) loops
b) nodes
c) both loop and node
d) none of the mentioned

Answer: b
Explanation: Kirchhoff’s current law can be applicable to nodes only.

27. If innumerable branches are present in parallel configuration in a network, which method
approves to be extensively beneficial for network analysis?

a. Node method
b. Mesh method
c. Both a and b
d. None of the above

ANS: B

28. Under which conditions does the source transformation technique remain directly
unapplicable?

a. Only in the absence of impedance in series with a voltage source

b. Only in the absence of impedance in parallel with a current source
c. Both a and b
d. None of the above

ANS: C

29. How is the loop analysis different in application/functioning level as compared to Kirchoff's
law?

a. Utilization of loop currents instead of branch currents for writing equations

b. Capability of branch current to carry multiple networks
c. Reduction in the number of unknowns for complex networks
d. All of the above

ANS : D
30. Which law plays a significant role in the loop analysis of the network?

a. KCL
b. KVL
c. Law of Superposition Theorem
d. None of the above

ANS : B

31. In any linear network, the elements like inductor, resistor and capacitor always_________

a. Exhibit changes due to change in temperature

b. Exhibit changes due to change in voltage
c. Exhibit changes due to change in time
d. Remains constant irrespective of change in temperature, voltage and time

ANS: D

32. The superposition theorem applicable to

A. Voltage only

B. Current only

C. Both current and voltage

D. Current, voltage and power

ANS: D

33.The superposition theorem requires as many circuits to be solved as there are

A. Sources, nodes and meshes

B. Sources and nodes

C. Sources

D. Nodes

ANS: C
34. Superposition theorem is not applicable for

A. Voltage calculations

B. Bilateral elements

C. Power calculations

D. Passive elements

ANS: C

35. Thevenin's resistance Rth is found

A. By removing voltage sources along with their internal resistances

B. By short-circuiting the given two terminals

C. Between any two open terminals

D. Between same open terminals as for Eth

ANS: D

36. Application of Norton's theorem to a circuit field

A. Equivalent current source and impedence in series

B. Equivalent current source and impedence in parallel

C. Equivalent impedence

D. Equivalent current source

ANS: A

37. Norton's equivalent resistance is the ..............as Thevenin's equivalent resistance.

A. Not same

B. Same

C. Both A and B

D. None of the above

ANS:B
 38. ..........theorem is quite useful when the current in one branch of a network is to be
determined or when the current in an added branch is to be calculated.

A. Norton

B. Thevenin

C. Superposition

D. Maximum Power Transfer

ANS: B

39. Superposition theorem can be applied only to circuits having

A. Resistive elements

B. Passive elements

C. Non-linear elements

D. Linear bilateral elements

ANS: D

40. The superposition theorem is applicable to

A. Linear,non-linear and time variant responses

B. Linear,non-linear resistors only

C. Linear responses only

D. None of the above

ANS:C

41. Maximum power output is obtained from a network when the load resistance is equal the
output resistance of the network as seen from the terminals of the load". The above statement is
associated with

A. Milliman's Theorem

B. Thevenin's Theorem

C. Superposition Theorem
 D. Maximum Power Transfer Theorem

ANS: D

42. For maximum transfer of power, internal resistance of the source should be

A. Equal to the load resistance

B. Less than the load resistance

C. Greater than the load resistance

D. None of the above

ANS: A

43. ..........theorem is particularly useful for analyzing communication networks.

A. Milliman's Theorem

B. Thevenin's Theorem

C. Superposition Theorem

D. Maximum Power Transfer Theorem

ANS: D