Conplex Variables S ranstovn Tech

units
yComplen fuchons
* Fourier Series, fourier transtorms
* Pde's

* Cornplex plane

= Re (2) R= ista GReolais

Hodl2|=c4cy
121 =(-2; (el-1i\

t pola frarne toork:

Cu,y) )

e-tan()

42n
 CaX,-y)+ iCx+X, )
21
Ktiy
12122

azb acb

On ordered field

Ces se
Case
i<o
|zitzzllzil t lza|
1.i=-t<0
Condtn is
keR
when
ine Parallel to each Ziand
other Ore
 Function Comple* Jeriables
05 Complen oumbers and Bot 3 be
ut 5' be non-empry Set
compuK number and be any +ve reol no.
any

’ circle:

The set ot Pts which sati sies the ea

Disc:

elosed Disc!
The set ot all pts ohich Satisies the ea

Pen oisc:
l3-oler

-Annulus:

open annulus:
Zo

closed onnulus:
8elz- zol

TËelz-zolers Aeither closed

lz-zol er2 nor opened anAulus

Ioterior pt o 5:

Such tht

eterio1
tE S such tht

1t-zolr conto ins

enterioY pt entenof pti.
Bundeng pt of 6:
’ Neiqhbo thood Of a poiot zo
&- radius
co) dl%o)
untte
which
pts
A -Nbh ot pt in the Complex plene is the set ot all
çes o the open disc

FUNCIoNS

non emphy sets Ot Comple Um bers.

sC) e s* where
deined
we den o te
domain f and st is Yange of

NoTE:

t)

7-plane
uS-plone

En Find vecl < Img pts

at z=lt3i

=(utiy)*+ i(utiy)

i(2nyt )
: (ngy)t

çubirihue y)
 =re

4()- (reio) (e9)

+ ire'o

- r(os 20 +i sin 29) + irl coso +isino)

4(9) cos20 -r5Vo0) +i(r°sin20 t rcoso)

4(3) ur.o)+ iv(r,0)
ult,)= 'os29-rsin9

Single Valued tunetior

rge vai tnetin dafned on S. 4
defined 4Ve eal nurnber S>0 theiy

enist a ve real urnoer & such that C3)-<

whenever l -Rl<
Then irnit tCa)i6 ralue a l which 's denoted by

Nde! i4 init is eisted to 4Ca) +6hen it is always untqur

Does"4c) - y at
the oign
poth I

tirn
Lirn
long pth
Lin

potth

ùrnfca)
in al -the possible way the unt
i,e; tinn

Does int ewist yoo c?) -Cty)2

Ptht:
im im

C oo)
cin

çrn

(*1y)?

imity welue
-tae
tairit does nst eis t deper
Coniuityy 4 r
at +C2,) enist

Let 3,eS
s is continees at
t every point dS then is
-is 4 i con 4fnuous
Coninueus on S
ive the eson whethe to is Continuay ato
)tind out ame

3-0

im fci) -4o)
at3=o’co)=o
im , irn

pathT:

Liro Liro

poth ii:

3-’o

Limirt Bocs not

 Re Ca?)

Lirn Lin

along' poth 1
Lim
Lim iro
y?

inn

im Cim

-2 > o
3
tirn
-2>2i

im 3

Lim (V3.2iJsi)
 donine
value tntin dfined in a
-’Let te4) a

single
the fc) Said to b ditterentiaole t apoint
Lim tC2) - C2o) is emists
2-2

whieh nis denoted b C) t he jven pount

4'cas 'c)

Let 2- >AZ

then

Insenegal at ary pont 2)

in 4c2+a2)- ca)
2o
the dittrentiom
G) nd the deivative fc)=2 fer mula
2

linn
4'cas

-the JiH oentiatbi lity -{ c2)-2

uro

Clong pathl
ur

irnt ders d i
tca-2 is not da
 Verty t the crt

cim

oitterentta ble tunetin is Con tin but

Showthat ererry
not

Let c2 te
im +a)-4ct) emist
2>o

Conaiden tirm
im

-2 To

Cootinorn ohin
bu evoY
O`hou that Ca) Pe 2) s Continas bt hot ditt

ety the it
3) tinl -Hte derirative t ) 32+i-54i t. 2

`Anabyhe -anchi n
’ tunctin 4C is Said to be onalytic at a
4 t has a derivutive each point in Scme nbd to.
4ollows tahat
tmuotbe anatic

n enting funatin io a tunetant tht ts Aaltic at

eoah pt n entire Complem poe

a
-furetim 4eteliey to be Analitie but it
the nbd hen Zo is he

singulor pt2
Candy Rieman Eguating!
>let fc2) - weyti , y ) be a ran don tunction
Corn pler yuribles
are
real ale tunetins
> Con s'cle tie deiva tive 4c enists at any 2
AC+A2) -
 >uCtsJ+ ay) + ivC+ AMgy+ Y)

Lim
ce -

AN’o, y=
im

Along PthI: bM = o

in ()+ y) -v())
dy dy
by the

The abcr
1heremi
* The ness osy Corlittnstor
Coritinsor tunetins
turetins 4c uc)ti)
to be AnalytiC in a
i) The fist-ol patial derivaties u ore Contincns
funins
Continous

The first order satistis

the
c-ees

Note

then CA)= u

=e cosy + ie"siny
cosy e*siny
cosy
Ju

=-esiny

sadtti
t aralytic enery what
 Aritet, -the funcfror
and Find c.

log c+iy)

E Shou hat he polor sm aC-Re are

let
C ) be the
polay oordinates') C,y)
Lhen 2 = tiy

4'eiey
Oiy4 eqO wt

=(3)
 'u

Su
inG 2 }2

Ahis e Can be Calle d as Laplece s esh in t polo tsm

Note Laphces eh in the

d'u

Show
Yc) ns anatic tneton wrth const moucley then
En:
that c2) is
uV Satisttetaec-@eh
So) tiY is aralytic the
4c23 =
Consi rnodule
also ja) ns

2 uu 20V )
 quo ing addiry
+(7u-us= 0

OAheahalytictoR
aY monc Functions:
fras = bo
relytie functon n Scme
then Setistie -he C- Ren

dy

dy?
dy 2

3y?

as Hara soic
setrstying
tunctton this
-ve
hesy
ophees
be
e hen u are
Clle cis KnucUn
anaytic then poore feat
oy l92)|
2

4 2u
HC2)]2
-
y
y -r 4(2|2

I4'ces|